Clouds in Government - Perils of Portability

Talk from QCon London in March 2013 about the problems inherent in running across multiple IaaS and PaaS providers, why APIs and images are only a small part of the answer and what the future may bring.

Transcript

1. http://www.flickr.com/photos/wallyg/299908721/ Clouds in Government Perils of Portability QCon 6th February 2013 gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
2. Me
3. Gareth Rushgrove @garethr gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
4. Curate devopsweekly.com gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
5. Blog at morethanseven.net gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
6. Work at UK Government Digital Service Text gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
7. http://www.flickr.com/photos/benterrett/6852348725/ I am a Civil Servant gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
8. http://www.flickr.com/photos/iancarroll/5027441664 Perils Clouds and portability
9. The 2nd definition gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net per·il /ˈperəl/ Noun 1. Serious and immediate danger. 2. The dangers or difficulties that arise from a particular situation or activity.
10. Peril 1 Caring about Image formats http://www.flickr.com/photos/uk_parliament/2700327415
11. AMI, VMDK, OVF, VHD, VDI, etc. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
12. http://www.flickr.com/photos/uk_parliament/2700311119/ But I have many machines gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
13. http://www.flickr.com/photos/uk_parliament/2700327415 And my infrastructure is more than just machines gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
14. Peril 2 API proliferation http://www.flickr.com/photos/uk_parliament/2700327415
15. Amazon EC2 gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
16. Big API (Just EC2) gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net 160+ actions
17. Lots more APIs gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
18. API compatibility and de facto standards gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net http://www.flickr.com/photos/uk_parliament/2700357007/
19. Greenqcloud is EC2 compatible gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net greenqloud.com
20. Eucalyptus gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net www.eucalyptus.com
21. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net EUCALYPtUS Funny story
22. Eucalyptus is an acronym gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Elastic Utility Computing Architecture for Linking Your Programs to Useful Systems
23. Ta da gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Elastic Utility Computing Architecture for Linking Your Programs to Useful Systems
24. It’s not all about the APIs gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net http://www.flickr.com/photos/uk_parliament/2757120644
25. Peril 3 Cloud primitives http://www.flickr.com/photos/uk_parliament/2700327415
26. AWS - All the acronyms! gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net - Instance - Images - Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) - Elastic IP (EIP) - Elastic Network Interfaces (EIN) - Elastic Block Store (EBS) - Simple Storage Service (S3) - Elastic Load Balancers (ELB)
27. OpenStack gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net www.openstack.org
28. OpenStack gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net - Compute - Storage - Networking - Instance - Security group - Object store - Block store
29. CloudStack gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net incubator.apache.org/cloudstack/
30. CloudStack gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net - Network - VPC - Virtual machine - VPN - Load balancer - Router - Project - Network - ISO - Volume - Template - Security group - User - Snapshot - Firewall - Account - NAT - VM group - Resource tag - Address - Zone - Disk offering - Hypervisor - Guest OS
31. Abstractions to the rescue? gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net http://www.flickr.com/photos/uk_parliament/2701192648/
32. Fog (Ruby) gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net fog.io
33. Fog primitives gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net - Compute - Storage - CDN - DNS
34. libcloud (Python) gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net libcloud.apache.org
35. libcloud primitives gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net - Compute - Storage - Load balancers - DNS
36. jclouds (Java) gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net www.jclouds.org
37. jclouds primitives gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net - Computeservice - Blob store
38. Naming things is hard gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net There are only two hard things in Computer Science: cache invalidation and naming things. Phil Karlton “ ”
39. Peril 4 Slippery slope of Platform as a Service http://www.flickr.com/photos/uk_parliament/2700327415
40. Definitions gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net ...does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage... ...does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, and deployed applications; and possibly limited control of select networking components... PaaS IaaS
41. Platform as a Service gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
42. Not PaaS gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
43. Heroku gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
44. Heroku gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
45. Amazon Elastic Beanstalk gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
46. Amazon Elastic Beanstalk gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
47. Amazon EC2 gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
48. Amazon EC2 gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
49. vCloud Director gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
50. vCloud Director gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
51. Amazon DynamoDB gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
52. Amazon DynamoDB gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
53. Amazon ElastiCache gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
54. Amazon ElastiCache gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
55. Peril 5 Vendor lock-in
56. Capability lock-in gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
57. Capacity lock-in gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
58. Ecosystem lock-in gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net http://www.flickr.com/photos/uk_parliament/2700549757/
59. http://www.flickr.com/photos/iancarroll/5027441664 Interlude The story of GOV.UK
60. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Government is Big 464,000 55,000 UK Civil Service Google 19,995 BBC x8 x23
61. Martha Lane-Fox Report - October 2010 gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
62. Alpha - June 2011 gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
63. Me - September 2011 gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
64. GDS Government Digital Service - December 2011 gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
65. Beta - January 2012 gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
66. Design Principles - April 2012 gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
67. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Why Infrastructure as a Service? digital.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/2012/09/25/why-iaas/
68. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net G-Cloud Procurement Framework gcloud.civilservice.gov.uk
69. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net EC2 to VMWare http://www.flickr.com/photos/uk_parliament/2701203048/
70. GOV.UK - October 2012 gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
71. Government Digital Strategy - November 2012 gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net publications.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/digital/
72. 13 of 24 Departments - So far gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net
73. http://www.flickr.com/photos/iancarroll/5027441664 Solutions? What can we do
74. Solution 1 Infrastructure as code http://www.flickr.com/photos/uk_parliament/2700327415
75. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Configuration Management
76. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Chef opscode.com
77. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Chef code example cookbook_file "#{home_dir}/.ssh/authorized_keys" do source "authorized_keys" mode "0600" owner username group username end group "sysadmin" do members ["garethr"] end
78. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net CFEngine cfengine.com
79. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net CFEngine code example bundle agent test { packages: redhat:: "wget" package_policy => "addupdate", package_method => yum, package_select => ">=", package_version => "1.11.4-2.el5_4.1", package_architectures => { "x86_64" }; }
80. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Puppet puppetlabs.com
81. package { 'apache2': ensure => latest, } service { 'apache2': ensure => running, provider => upstart, require => Package['apache2'] } gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Resources
82. class govuk::apps::calendars( $port = 3011 ) { govuk::app { 'calendars': app_type => 'rack', port => $port, health_check_path => ‘/bank-holidays’, } } gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Applications
83. class govuk::node::s_frontend inherits govuk::n include govuk::node::s_ruby_app_server include govuk::apps::businesssupportfinder include govuk::apps::calendars include govuk::apps::canary_frontend include govuk::apps::datainsight_frontend include govuk::apps::designprinciples include govuk::apps::feedback include govuk::apps::frontend include govuk::apps::licencefinder include govuk::apps::smartanswers include govuk::apps::static gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Node types
84. class govuk::node::s_frontend inherits govuk::n include govuk::node::s_ruby_app_server include govuk::apps::businesssupportfinder include govuk::apps::calendars include govuk::apps::canary_frontend include govuk::apps::datainsight_frontend include govuk::apps::designprinciples include govuk::apps::feedback include govuk::apps::frontend include govuk::apps::licencefinder include govuk::apps::smartanswers include govuk::apps::static gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Include software on nodes
85. class govuk::node::s_frontend inherits govuk::n include govuk::node::s_ruby_app_server include govuk::apps::businesssupportfinder include govuk::apps::calendars include govuk::apps::canary_frontend include govuk::apps::datainsight_frontend include govuk::apps::designprinciples include govuk::apps::feedback include govuk::apps::frontend include govuk::apps::licencefinder include govuk::apps::smartanswers include govuk::apps::static gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Include out applications on nodes
86. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net More on Infrastructure as Code speakerdeck.com/garethr
87. Solution 2 API abstractions http://www.flickr.com/photos/uk_parliament/2700327415
88. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net libcloud
89. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net libcloud OpenStack example from libcloud.compute.types import Provider from libcloud.compute.providers import get_driver OpenStack = get_driver(Provider.OPENSTACK) driver = OpenStack('username', 'password', ex_force_auth_url='https://nova-api.trystack.org:5 ex_force_auth_version='2.0_password') nodes = driver.list_nodes() images = driver.list_images()
90. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net libcloud VCloud example from libcloud.compute.types import Provider from libcloud.compute.providers import get_driver vcloud = get_driver(Provider.VCLOUD) driver = vcloud('username', 'password', host='vcloud.local', api_version='1.5') nodes = driver.list_nodes() images = driver.list_images()
91. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net But abstractions leak images = driver.list_images() sizes = driver.list_sizes() size = [s for s in sizes if s.ram == 512][0] image = [i for i in images if i.name == 'natty-amd64'][0] node = driver.create_node(name='test node', image=image, size=size)
92. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net But abstractions leak images = driver.list_images() sizes = driver.list_sizes() size = [s for s in sizes if s.ram == 512][0] image = [i for i in images if i.name == 'natty-amd64'][0] node = driver.create_node(name='test node', image=image, size=size)
93. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net But abstractions leak take two vcloud = get_driver(Provider.VCLOUD) driver = vcloud('username', 'password', host='vcloud.local', api_version='1.5') node = driver.create_node(name='test node 4', image=image, ex_vm_network='your vm net name', ex_network='your org net name', ex_vm_fence='bridged', ex_vm_ipmode='DHCP')
94. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net More capabilities, more leaks vcloud = get_driver(Provider.VCLOUD) driver = vcloud('username', 'password', host='vcloud.local', api_version='1.5') node = driver.create_node(name='test node 4', image=image, ex_vm_network='your vm net name', ex_network='your org net name', ex_vm_fence='bridged', ex_vm_ipmode='DHCP')
95. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Fog
96. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net jclouds
97. Solution 3 Config managent plus APIs http://www.flickr.com/photos/uk_parliament/2700327415
98. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Pallet github.com/pallet/pallet
99. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Pallet code example (use 'pallet.crate.java) (defnode webserver {} :configure (phase (java :openjdk))) (converge {webserver 10} :compute service)
100. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Ironfan github.com/infochimps-labs/ironfan
101. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Ironfan example Ironfan.cluster 'web_demo' do cloud(:ec2) do flavor 't1.micro' end role :base_role facet :dbnode do instances 2 role :mysql_server end end
102. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net puppet-iaas github.com/garethr/garethr-iaas
103. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Cloud instances as resources server { 'web-server': ensure => present, count => 5, provider => brightbox, image => 'img-q6gc8', # ubuntu 12.04 }
104. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Switch the provider server { 'web-server': ensure => present, count => 5, provider => rackspace, image => 'img-q6gc8', # ubuntu 12.04 }
105. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Leaky interface server { 'web-server': ensure => present, count => 5, provider => rackspace, image => '5cebb13a-f783-4f8c-8058 c4182c7 flavor => 2, # 512 MB }
106. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Vagrant 1.1 vagrantup.com
107. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Define our instance Vagrant::Config.run do |config| config.vm.box = "precise64" config.vm.forward_port 5555, 5555 config.vm.forward_port 5556, 5556 config.vm.forward_port 4567, 4567 config.vm.provision :puppet do |puppet| puppet.manifests_path = "manifests" puppet.module_path = "modules" puppet.manifest_file = "site.pp" end end
108. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Configure different providers Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| config.vm.box = "precise64" config.vm.provider :vmware_fusion do |v| v.vmx["memsize"] = "1024" end config.vm.provider :aws do |aws| aws.instance_type = "m1.small" end end
109. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Choose your own provider $ vagrant up --provider=virtualbox
110. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Switch your provider $ vagrant up --provider=ec2
111. Solution 4 Software defined networks http://www.flickr.com/photos/uk_parliament/2700327415
112. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Ruby DSL require 'rubygems' require 'nat' nat do snat :interface => "Client Data", :original => { :ip => "10.0.0.0/xx" }, :translated => { :ip => "xx.xx.xx.xx" }, :desc => "Outbound internet traffic" dnat :interface => "Client Data", :original => { :ip => "xx.xx.xx.xx", :port => 22 }, :translated => { :ip => "10.0.0.xx", :port => 22 }, :desc => "jumpbox-1 SSH" dnat :interface => "Client Data", :original => { :ip => "xx.xx.xx.xx", :port => 80 },, :translated => { :ip => "10.0.0.xx", :port => 80 }, :desc => "jenkins, logging, monitoring HTTP"
113. require 'rubygems' require 'firewall' firewall do # internal rules rule "ssh access to jumpbox1" do source :ip => "Any" destination :ip => "xx.xx.xx.xx", :port => 22 end rule "http to backend applications" do source :ip => "Any" destination :ip => "xx.xx.xx.xx", :port => 80 end rule "https to backend applications" do gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Including Firewall and Loadbalancer
114. http://www.flickr.com/photos/iancarroll/5027441664 Conclusions if all you remember is
115. http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevharb/5314268567 gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Solve the problem for the complex case
116. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Focus on capabilities over APIs http://www.flickr.com/photos/sprengben/5136170057
117. The End
118. gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net Thanks for the photos
119. Questions? gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net http://flickr.com/photos/psd/102332391/
120. QCon session code gareth rushgrove | morethanseven.net 4172