날로 먹는 Django Admin 활용

զ۽ݡח  %KBOHP"ENJOഝਊ ର҃ޗ [email protected] %KBOHP(JSMT4FPVMਘࣁ޷ա

ߊ಴੗ࣗѐ • 차경묵 (한날) • 프리랜서 개발자 • 날로 먹는
Django 웹 프로그래밍 (2008) • 날로 먹는 Django 웹 프레임워크 (2014) • http://blog.hannal.com

ߊ಴زӝ

ߊ಴ࣗѐ৬҅ദ ↟%KBOHP੄؀ݒ۱ਃࣗ઺ೞաੋ"ENJOӝמਸખ؊ࣗѐ೤ פ׮ ↟ೞ૑݅%KBOHP"ENJO<о䛪>ߊ಴оইתפ׮ ↟%KBOHP"ENJOীࢲߩযաחղਊ਷ߓઁ೤פ׮ ↟1ZUIPO %KBOHPӝળਵ۽ࢸݺ೤פ׮ ↟ߊ಴ޙࢲ৬௏٘חݽفҕѐ೤פ׮  https://www.facebook.com/hello.kaycha  https://github.com/hannal/pieces-of-django-admin-djangogirls-seoul

࢚ടࢸ੿

զ۽ݡחஹಌפ ઱ ↟1ZUIPOਵ۽݅ٚݍ੓חઑпா㧩ƀਸৡۄੋਵ۽౸ݒೞח  FBUZPVSQZUIPODPNࢲ࠺झ୹द઱ੌ੹ ↟࠺ѐߊ૒ҵੋৈ۞౱ ࢚ಿ౱ ߓ࣠౱١ җഈস೤פ׮ ↟Ӕؘѐߊ੗חয়૒׼नೠݺ ↟੉ਊ੗ױӝמਸҳഅೞוۄҙܻبҳٜܳ݅૑ޅೠ׼न 
ҙܻبҳѐߊਸզ۽ݡযঠ࢚ടইפѷणפө

%KBOHP.PEFMT ↟User੉ਊ੗ %KBOHPઁҕ ↟Profile੉ਊ੗ࠗо੿ࠁ ↟Product࢚ಿ ↟ProductImage࢚ಿࢎ૓ ↟Order઱ޙ

ProfileNPEFM class Profile(models.Model): registration_routes = ( ('direct', _('૒੽ ߑޙ оੑ'),
), ('guestbook', _('ѱझ౟࠘'), ), ('cocoa', _('௏௏ইస'), ), ('goggle', _('ҊӖ'), ), ('navar', _('ա߄'), ), ) user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL) registration_route = models.CharField(_('оੑ ҃۽'), max_length=40, choices=registration_routes, default='direct')

ProductNPEFM class Product(models.Model): statuses = ( ('active', _('੿࢚'), ), ('sold_out',
_('ಿ੺'), ), ('obsolete', _('ױઙ'), ), ('deactive', _('࠺ഝࢿച'), ), ) categories = ( ('decoration', _('੢ध'), ), ('pan', _('ಃ'), ), ('roll', _('܀'), ), ) category = models.CharField(_('࢚ಿ тې'), max_length=20, choices=categories) name = models.CharField(_('࢚ಿݺ'), max_length=100) content = models.TextField(_('ࢸݺ')) regular_price = models.PositiveIntegerField(_('੿о')) selling_price = models.PositiveIntegerField(_('౸ݒо')) status = models.CharField(_('࢚క'), max_length=20, choices=statuses) created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

ProductImageNPEFM class ProductImage(models.Model): product = models.ForeignKey(Product) content = models.ImageField() created_at
= models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

OrderNPEFM from uuid import uuid4 class Order(models.Model): progresses = (
('requested', _('઱ޙ ਃ୒'), ), ('checkout_payment', _('Ѿઁ ഛੋ ઺'), ), ('paid', _('Ѿઁ ৮ܐ'), ), ('failed_payment', _('Ѿઁ पಁ'), ), ('prepared_product', _('࢚ಿ ળ࠺'), ), ('prepared_delivery', _('୹Ҋ ળ࠺'), ), ('ongoing_delivery', _('ߓ࣠ ઺'), ), ('done', _('Ѣې ৮ܐ'), ), ) sn = models.UUIDField(_('ੌ۲ߣഐ'), unique=True, editable=False, default=uuid4) user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, null=True, blank=True) items = models.ManyToManyField(Product) product_cost = models.IntegerField(_('઱ޙ ୨ঘ')) progress = models.CharField(_('૓೯࢚క'), max_length=20, choices=progresses, default='requested') comment = models.TextField(_('ӝఋ ਃ୒ࢎ೦'), null=True, blank=True) created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

ࢲ࠺झ୹द੹

࢚ಿ੿ࠁҙܻ from django.contrib import admin from . import models admin.site.register(models.Product)
о੢ӝࠄࢎਊഋక

%KBOHPীࢲо੢઺ਃೠӝࠄױਤח.PEFM ↟ٜ݅য֬਷.PEFMਸ߄ఔਵ۽'PSN .PEFM'PSN җ "ENJO .PEFM"ENJO ਸঌইࢲٜ݅ࣻ੓׮ ↟%KBOHP"ENJOী١۾ೞח"ENJOױਤח.PEFM ↟߹ب۽.PEFMী؀ೠ"ENJOਸউٜ݅ݶ%KBOHPоঌইࢲ'PSN җ"ENJOਸٜ݅য%KBOHP"ENJOী١۾

tঌইࠅࣻоহযਃu

Product object ???

__str__()۽ё୓୹۱ղਊ಴द ↟__str__()ё୓ܳ୹۱ೡٸࢎਊؼޙ੗ৌ߈ജ ↟1ZUIPOীࢲਵۨӒ۞ೞ٠੉%KBOHPبٮ۽୹۱ೡޙ੗ৌ੉૑ ੿غ૑ঋਵݶ__str__()ݫࢲ٘ܳഐ୹ class Product(models.Model): # ࢤۚ def __str__(self):
return f'<{self.pk}> {self.name}'

tঌইࠅࣻח੓חؘ ખ؊੗ࣁೠ੿ࠁо೙ਃ೧ਃu

ݾ۾ചݶী୹۱ղਊ૑੿ ↟ݽ؛߹"ENJOੋఠಕ੉झٜܳ݅"ENJO௿ېझٜܳ݅Ҋ%KBOHP"ENJOী١ ۾ ↟list_displayݯߡ߸ࣻݾ۾ചݶী಴दೡݽ؛੉աݽ؛੄"ENJOࣘࢿ BUUSJCVUFT @admin.register(models.Product) class ProductAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display
= ( 'pk', 'name', 'category', 'regular_price', 'selling_price', 'status', 'created_at', 'updated_at', ) ژח admin.site.register(models.Product, ProductAdmin) ੢ध੗ܳॳחߑߨҗ૒੽ ݽ؛җ"ENJO௿ېझܳ૟ ૑য١۾ೞחߑߨ਷زੌೠ ز੘ੑפ׮

tજইਃ Ӕؘԙݔখं੗݅ ௿ܼ೧ঠೞաਃ u

୹۱೦ݾী݂௼Ѧӝ ↟list_display_linksݯߡ߸ࣻݾ۾ചݶী಴दೡݽ؛ ੉աݽ؛੄"ENJOࣘࢿ BUUSJCVUFT @admin.register(models.Product) class ProductAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): # ࢤۚ
list_display_links = ( 'pk', 'name', 'category', 'regular_price', 'selling_price', 'status', 'created_at', 'updated_at', )

t࢚ಿ੿ࠁಕ੉૑ীࢲ ੉޷૑ܳ֍ਵݶ ؊ಞೡѪэইਃu

࢚ಿ੉޷૑١۾ ProductImageݽ؛ਸ ૒੽"ENJOী١۾ೞݶੌ ੌ੉੉޷૑౵ੌীোѾೡ ઁಿਸࢶఖ೧ঠೣ

*OMJOF௿ېझ ↟ݽ؛рҙ҅ܳݛҊ੓ח҃਋ ࠗݽݽ؛੄"ENJOী੗धݽ؛੄"ENJO *OUFSGBDFܳղನForeignKey .BOZUPPOF ҙ҅ীࢎਊ ↟TabularInlineݽ؛೙٘ܳ৖ਵ۽ಟ஖חߑध ↟StackedInlineݽ؛೙٘ܳਤইې۽ऺ٠੉ಟ஖חߑध ↟"ENJO௿ېझীinlinesࣘࢿਵ۽ղನೡ*OMJOF"ENJO$MBTT١۾ class
ProductImageInline(admin.TabularInline): model = models.ProductImage @admin.register(models.Product) class ProductAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): # ࢤۚ inlines = (ProductImageInline, )

t࢚ಿ੉޷૑হ੉࢚ಿ੿ࠁܳ  ١۾ೞѢա੿೧૓ѐࣻࠁ׮  ݆੉֍חपࣻܳߑ૑ೞҊरযਃu

࢚ಿূ୭ࣗѐ ୭؀ѐ੉޷૑ ↟extraೠߣী಴दೡ೦ݾѐࣻ ↟max_num੷੢оמೠ୭؀೦ݾѐࣻ ↟min_num೙ਃೠ୭ࣗ೦ݾѐࣻ class ProductImageInline(admin.TabularInline): model = models.ProductImage
extra = 2 max_num = 4 min_num = 1

t࢚ಿ੉݆਷ؘ ౠ੿੿ࠁ۽୶۰ղѢա Ѩ࢝ೞѱ೧઱ࣁਃu

੗ܐ଺ӝ ↟list_filter੗ܐܳ୶۰յӝળ೦ݾ ↟search_fieldsѨ࢝ೡݽ؛೙٘૑੿ ↟date_hierarchyੌ੗ױਤ۽҅கചೞৈ੿ܻ @admin.register(models.Product) class ProductAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): # ࢤۚ list_filter
= ('category', 'status', ) search_fields = ('name', 'selling_price', ) date_hierarchy = 'updated_at'

search_fields list_filter date_hierarchy

t࢚ಿݾ۾ী ୐ߣ૩੉޷૑ܳ ಴द೧઱ࣁਃu

ݽ؛೙٘ীহחղਊਸݾ۾ী಴दೞӝ ↟"ENJO੄ࣘࢿ ઱۽ݫࢲ٘ ૑੿ ↟೧׼ݫࢲ٘ীAshort_descriptionAחৌ੉ܴਵ۽ࢎਊؽ from django.utils.translation import ugettext as
_ from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe @admin.register(models.Product) class ProductAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ( 'get_title_image', 'pk', 'name', 'category', 'regular_price', 'selling_price', 'status', 'created_at', 'updated_at', ) list_display_links = ( 'get_title_image', 'pk', 'name', 'category', 'regular_price', 'selling_price', 'status', 'created_at', 'updated_at', ) # ࢤۚ def get_title_image(self, obj): image = obj.productimage_set.order_by('pk').first() if not image: return '' return mark_safe(f'<img src="{image.content.url}" style="width: 50px;">') get_title_image.short_description = _('ઁಿ ੉޷૑')

ࢲ࠺झ୹द

t࢚ࣁ઱ޙղ৉ಕ੉૑о ڰחؘदр੉ ցޖয়ېѦ۰ਃu

ForeignKey۽োѾػ؀࢚ݽ؛੄ؘ੉ఠܳ ׮оઉ৬ࢲESPQEPXO6*ܳࢤࢿ೧ࢲוܿ ؀਽ߑߨ਷࢚ടীٮۄ׮ܰ૑݅ ੉҃਋ূ઱ ޙೠ੉ਊ੗੿ࠁܳࣻ੿ೡ೙ਃоহਵ޲۽ಞ૘ ೞ૑ޅೞѱ݄חѪ੉ա਺

SFBEPOMZ@GJFMET ↟"ENJO௿ېझ੄fieldsࣘࢿ਷োѾػݽ؛੄೙٘઺ࢎਊೡ ೙٘੉ܴਸݺद ↟ݽ؛೙٘ഋীٮۄ%KBOHP'PSN੉੸੺ೠಞ૘6*ܳࢤࢿ ↟readonly_fieldsࣘࢿ਷ಞ૘ೞ૑ޅೞѱ੽Ӕೞח੗ܐ੄ ೙٘чਸӒ؀۽୹۱ೞب۾૑੿ @admin.register(models.Order) class OrderAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): #
ࢤۚ readonly_fields = ('user', 'product_cost', 'comment', )

t੉ਊ੗੄оੑ҃۽ܳࠁৈ઱Ҋ оੑ҃۽۽୶۰ղ աৌ೧઱ࣁਃu

%KBOHP6TFS"ENJOࣻ੿ ↟%KBOHPղ੢6TFSݽ؛ਸࢎਊೞח҃਋ %KBOHP"ENJOী١۾ػUser ݽ؛ਸ١۾೧ઁ೧ঠೣ ↟Userݽ؛ী؀ೠ"ENJOਸ١۾೧ઁೞחѱইפۄݽ؛ਸ೧ઁೞחѪী ઱੄ from django.contrib.auth.models import User
admin.site.unregister(User) ژח from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model user_model = get_user_model() admin.site.unregister(user_model) ੉҃਋ח%KBOHPীࢲઁҕೞח Userݽ؛ਸ١۾೧ઁೞחѪ੉ ޲۽ݺഛೞѱ؀࢚ݽ؛ੋUser ܳ߄۽JNQPSUೞחѱա਺

%KBOHP6TFS"ENJOࣻ੿ ↟Userݽ؛ী؀ೠ"ENJO௿ېझܳ࢜۽ٜ݅যبغҊ ↟%KBOHPীղ੢ػUserAdmin௿ېझ࢚ܳࣘ߉ইࣻ੿೧بغҊ from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin @admin.register(user_model) class
CustomUserAdmin(UserAdmin): list_display = UserAdmin.list_display + ('get_registration_route', ) def get_registration_route(self, obj): try: return obj.profile.get_registration_route_display() except models.Profile.DoesNotExist: return '?' get_registration_route.short_description = _('оੑ҃۽')

оੑ҃۽۽୶۰ղӝ ↟.PEFMNBOBHFS۽ؘ੉ఠఐ࢝दࢎਊೞחݽ؛ҙ҅ఐ࢝ޙߨࢎਊ оמ • User.objects.filter(profile__registration_route='direct') @admin.register(user_model) class CustomUserAdmin(UserAdmin): list_display =
UserAdmin.list_display + ('get_registration_route', ) list_filter = UserAdmin.list_filter + ('profile__registration_route', ) def get_registration_route(self, obj): try: return obj.profile.get_registration_route_display() except models.Profile.DoesNotExist: return '?' get_registration_route.short_description = _('оੑ҃۽')

t੉ߣূ־੸઱ޙപࣻ۽ ੉ਊ੗ܳ୶۰ղ աৌ೧઱ࣁਃu

઱ޙപࣻ೙ఠ ↟admin.SimpleListFilter௿ېझ࢚ܳࣘ߉ই૒੽-JTUGJMUFSܳ੘ࢿ೧ঠೞח࢚ട ↟lookups()೙ఠ6*ী಴दೡఐ࢝чҗఐ࢝಴दݺਸtuple۽ޘযࢲ߈ജ ↟queryset()೙ఠী؀೧ࢤࢿೡQuerySetё୓ܳ߈ജ೙ఠחࢲ۽׮ܲ೙ఠ৬઺୏غয૕ ੄૘೤ਸٜ݅ࣻ੓ਵ޲۽߈٘दQuerySetё୓ܳ߈ജ೧ঠೣ from django.db.models import Count, Case,
When, IntegerField class UserOrderCountFilter(admin.SimpleListFilter): title = _('ҳݒപࣻ') parameter_name = 'order_count' def lookups(self, request, model_admin): return ( ('exact-0', _('হ਺'), ), ('exact-1', _('1ഥ'), ), ('exact-2', _('2ഥ'), ), ('exact-3', _('3ഥ'), ), ('gt-3', _('3ഥ ୡҗ'), ), ) # ׮਺ ੢ীࢲ ҅ࣘ

઱ޙപࣻ೙ఠ # ੉যࢲ def queryset(self, request, queryset): value = self.value()
if not value: return queryset try: lookup_keyword, count = value.split('-') count = int(count) if count == 0: users = models.Order.objects \ .filter(progress='done') \ .values_list('user__id') return queryset.exclude(pk__in=users) else: return queryset \ .annotate(cnt=Count(Case( When(order__progress='done', then=0), output_field=IntegerField() ))).filter(** {f'cnt__{lookup_keyword}': count}) except Exception: return queryset.none()

઱ޙപࣻ೙ఠ @admin.register(user_model) class CustomUserAdmin(UserAdmin): list_display = UserAdmin.list_display + ( 'get_registration_route',
) list_filter = UserAdmin.list_filter + ( 'profile__registration_route', UserOrderCountFilter, )

http://.../admin/auth/user/?order_count=exact-1

t־੸઱ޙ୨ঘਵ۽ ੉ਊ੗ܳ୶۰ղחѪب ظਃ u

־੸઱ޙ୨ঘ೙ఠ ↟઱ޙപࣻ೙ఠ৬Ѣ੄زੌ from django.db.models import Sum class SumOrderCostFilter(admin.SimpleListFilter): title =
_('־੸ ҳݒ୨ঘ') parameter_name = 'order_cost' def lookups(self, request, model_admin): return ( ('lt-50000', _('5݅ਗ ޷݅'), ), ('gte-50000--lt-100000', _('5݅ਗ ੉࢚ 10݅ਗ ޷݅'), ), ('gte-100000--lt-200000', _('10݅ਗ ੉࢚ 20݅ਗ ޷݅'), ), ('gte-200000--lt-500000', _('20݅ਗ ੉࢚ 50݅ਗ ޷݅'), ), ('gte-500000', _('50݅ਗ ੉࢚'), ), )

־੸઱ޙ୨ঘ೙ఠ # ੉যࢲ def queryset(self, request, queryset): value = self.value()
if not value: return queryset try: l1, l2 = value.split('--') except ValueError: l1, l2 = value, None lookups = {} for l in (l1, l2): if not l: continue try: lookup_keyword, amount = l.split('-') lookups[f'cost__{lookup_keyword}'] = int(amount) except ValueError: continue # ׮਺ ੢ী ҅ࣘ

־੸઱ޙ୨ঘ೙ఠ def queryset(self, request, queryset): # ࢤۚ # ੉যࢲ if
not lookups: return queryset.none() try: return queryset.filter(order__progress='done') \ .annotate(cost=Sum('order__product_cost')) \ .filter(**lookups) except Exception: return queryset.none()

־੸઱ޙ୨ঘ೙ఠ @admin.register(user_model) class CustomUserAdmin(UserAdmin): list_display = UserAdmin.list_display + ( 'get_registration_route',
) list_filter = ( 'profile__registration_route', UserOrderCountFilter, SumOrderCostFilter, )

http://.../admin/auth/user/?order_cost=lt-50000

tৈ۞઱ޙѤਸ ߓ࣠઺ੋ࢚క۽ ߸҃ೞѱ೧઱ࣁਃu

$VTUPN"ENJO"DUJPO ↟"ENJO௿ېझ੄actionsࣘࢿীഐ୹оמೠё୓ܳ١۾ ↟ݾ۾ചݶীࢎਊ੗о୶оೠ"DUJPO੉"DUJPO%SPQEPXO6*ী୶оؽ ↟ੋ੗۽ֈযয়חquerysetё୓ূ੉ਊ੗оࢶఖೠ೦ݾ੉׸ѹ੓਺ from django.contrib import messages def change_progress_to_ongoing_delivery(modeladmin,
request, queryset): queryset.update(progress='ongoing_delivery') messages.success(request, _('ߓ࣠ ࢚క۽ ߸҃೮णפ׮.')) change_progress_to_ongoing_delivery.short_description = _('ߓ࣠ ࢚క۽ ߸҃') @admin.register(models.Order) class OrderAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): # ࢤۚ actions = (change_progress_to_ongoing_delivery, )

Ҋ݌णפ׮

.BOZ5P.BOZҙ҅ח*OMJOF"ENJOਸޅॳաਃ ↟*OMJOF"ENJO௿ېझח.BOZ5P0OF ForeignKey ҙ҅ীࢲ݅ ࢎਊоמ ↟.BOZ5P.BOZҙ҅ب%#ప੉࠶ҙ҅۽ಽযղݶ઺р׮ܻప੉࠶ ਸࢎ੉ীفҊ',۽োѾೠѪ੉޲۽઺р׮ܻݽ؛ਸࢎਊೞݶؽ class ProductOrderInline(admin.StackedInline): model
= models.Order.items.through min_num = 1 @admin.register(models.Order) class OrderAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): fields = ('progress', ) inlines = (ProductOrderInline, )

࢚ࣁࠁӝಕ੉૑ীࢲౠ੿੗ܐী݅ز੘ೞח"DUJPO୶оߑߨ ↟"%KBOHP"ENJOӝמ݅ਵ۽୊ܻೞחߑߨ ↟Atemplates/admin/<app_name>/<model_name>/ change_list.htmlA౵ੌীز੘दఆ"DUJPOী؀ೠ63- ҙ۲ੋఠಕ੉झ୶о ↟ز੘ೡ࠭ೣٍࣻܳ݅ٚAurls.pyAী63-җোѾ ↟೧׼63-ਸഐ୹ೞݶ૑੿ೠ࠭ೣࣻഐ୹ ↟ӈଳ਺

࢚ࣁࠁӝಕ੉૑ীࢲౠ੿੗ܐী݅ز੘ೞח"DUJPO୶оߑߨ ↟#৻ࠗبҳ%KBOHP0CKFDU"DUJPOTܳࢎਊೞחߑߨ • https://github.com/crccheck/django- object-actions • pip install django-object-actions ↟settings.py੄INSTALLED_APPSী
A'django_object_actions'A୶о ↟઱੄੼%KBOHP0CKFDU"DUJPOT੄Achange_list.htmlA ਸࢎਊೞ޲۽੹੗ߑߨ਷ࢎਊޅೣ

࢚ࣁࠁӝಕ੉૑ীࢲౠ੿੗ܐী݅ز੘ೞח"DUJPO୶оߑߨ from django_object_actions import DjangoObjectActions @admin.register(user_model) class CustomUserAdmin(DjangoObjectActions, UserAdmin): #
ࢤۚ change_actions = ('make_user_happy', ) def make_user_happy(self, request, obj): messages.info(request, f'{obj}שਸ ೯ࠂೞѱ ೮णפ׮.') # do something make_user_happy.label = _('੉ਊ੗ ೯ࠂೞѱ ೞӝ') make_user_happy.short_description = _('੉ਊ੗ ೯ࠂೞѱ ೞӝ')

੹୓੗ܐܳࢶఖೡࣻহաਃ ↟੹୓೦ݾࢶఖਸೞݶഅ੤಴दػ೦ݾ݅ࢶఖؽ ↟list_max_show_allࣘࢿ੹୓೦ݾࢶఖਸ೮ਸٸઑѤী ೧׼ೞח೦ݾਸಕ੉૑৬ޖҙೞѱࢶఖغب۾ѐࣻܳ૑੿ @admin.register(user_model) class CustomUserAdmin(DjangoObjectActions, UserAdmin): # ࢤۚ
list_per_page = 1 list_max_show_all = 1000000

날로 먹는 Django Admin 활용

날로 먹는 Django Admin 활용

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