Async PHP Requests & Reactive Responses with PHP-FPM

There are many approaches to execute PHP sub-tasks asynchronously or to parallelise PHP execution. While some solutions require extra extensions, individual PHP builds or a lot of process control management, this talk will show you how to configure and use the built-in PHP FastCGI Process Manager (php-fpm) to execute requests asynchronously in an isolated, tunable process pool and eventually handle their responses in a reactive way.

Talk at phpCE 2017 in Poland

Transcript

1. November 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
   Async PHP Requests
   & Reactive Responses with PHP-FPM
   

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2. HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
   CIO • FATHER • HUSBAND • PHP DEV WITH ♥
   github.com/hollodotme
   @hollodotme
   

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3. GERMANY
   

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4. + async
   

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5. USE CASE
   A PDF CREATION SERVICE
   

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6. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
   USE CASE (PDF CREATION)
   6
   WEB-SERVICE
   

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7. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
   USE CASE (PDF CREATION)
   7
   WEB-SERVICE
   SEQUENTIAL PROCESSING IS OK(-ish)
   

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8. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
   USE CASE (PDF CREATION)
   8
   WEB-SERVICE
   BUT WHAT IF…
   

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9. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
   USE CASE (PDF CREATION)
   9
   PARALLELISM
   TO THE RESCUE
   

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10. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    WE TRIED…
    10
    exec('php "/create-pdf.php" > /dev/null 2>&1 &');
    # OR
    shell_exec('php "/create-pdf.php" > /dev/null 2>&1 &');
    # OR
    proc_open('php "/create-pdf.php"', $descriptorSpec );
    PHP 4 - 2001
    

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11. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    WORKS, BUT…
    11
    ๏PHP SCRIPT IS CALLED IN CLI MODE (DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENT)
    ๏COMMAND GETS QUIET MESSY WHEN A LOT OF DATA SHOULD BE PASSED
    ๏DATA HANDLING IN CALLED SCRIPT BASED ON $ARGV ARRAY
    ๏RESPONSE ENDS UP IN NIRVANA
    ๏DEBUGGING IS A NIGHTMARE (ESPECIALLY IN PRODUCTION)
    

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12. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    WE TRIED…
    12
    $scriptUrl = 'http:#//##www.yoursite.com/create-pdf.php';
    $ch = curl_init();
    curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_URL, $scriptUrl );
    curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_FRESH_CONNECT, true );
    curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS, 1 );
    curl_exec( $ch );
    curl_close( $ch );
    PHP 5.2.3 - 2009
    

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13. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    WORKS, BUT…
    13
    ๏WEBSERVER ALWAYS INVOLVED (= OVERHEAD + ERROR SOURCE)
    ๏MAYBE A LOAD BALANCER INVOLVED, TOO
    ๏AT LEAST 2 ENVIRONMENTS TO MAINTAIN
    ๏CURL EXTENSION NEEDED
    ๏RESPONSE ENDS UP IN NIRVANA
    ๏CALLED SCRIPT MUST BE EXPOSED (UNDER DOMAIN’S DOCUMENT ROOT)
    

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14. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    WE TRIED VERY HARD…
    14
    $pdo#->query(
    "INSERT INTO queue (id, script, data)
    VALUES ('123', '/create-pdf.php', '{json}')"
    );
    $ crontab -e
    #*/1 * * * * php "/path/to/queue-processor.php"
    +
    

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15. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    WORKS, BUT…
    15
    ๏ NO ON-DEMAND EXECUTION
    ๏ NEEDS A LOT OF LOCKING AND LOGGING
    ๏ RAISE CONDITIONS FOR THE WIN!
    ๏ ERRORS CAN PILE UP UNTIL SERVER IS DEAD
    ๏ HEAVY DATABASE LOAD FOR TECHNICALLY ELUSIVE DATA (HINT: BAD IDEA)
    ๏ MAINTENANCE OUTSIDE PHP PROJECT NEEDED (CRONTAB)
    ๏ HARD TO TEST
    

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16. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    WE TRIED TO BE CLEVER…
    16
    function runInBackground()
    {
    include '/create-pdf.php';
    }
    register_shutdown_function( 'runInBackground' );
    header( 'Location: /show/user/a/page', true, 301 );
    flush();
    

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17. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    WORKS, BUT…
    17
    ๏WEBSERVER INVOLVED
    ๏RESPONSE ENDS UP IN NIRVANA
    ๏MEMORY LEAKS FOR THE WIN!
    ๏PRETTY HARD ERROR HANDLING
    ๏NO EXECUTION TIME LIMIT
    ๏WTF? - DON’T TRY TO BE CLEVER!
    

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18. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    WE COULD USE…
    18
    pthreads
    

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19. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    WE COULD USE…
    19
    pthreads
    ๏NEEDS CUSTOM PHP BUILD
    ๏NOT ALL EXTENSIONS ARE THREAD-SAFE
    ๏NOT WORKING IN WEB ENVIRONMENT
    ๏BASIC KNOWLEDGE ABOUT MULTI THREADING NEEDED
    ๏FEATURE AND CONFIG OVERHEAD FOR SIMPLE ASYNC TASKS
    ๏PROCESS / THREAD MANAGEMENT IS UP TO YOU
    

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20. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    WE COULD USE…
    20
    pcntl
    

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21. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    WE COULD USE…
    21
    pcntl
    ๏NEEDS CUSTOM PHP BUILD
    ๏NOT WORKING ON WINDOWS
    ๏BASIC KNOWLEDGE ABOUT UNIX PROCESSES NEEDED
    ๏PROCESS MANAGEMENT IS UP TO YOU
    

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22. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    WE COULD USE…
    22
    ๏NEEDS ANOTHER PIECE OF INFRASTRUCTURE + PHP EXTENSION
    ๏FEATURE RICH, BUT OVERLOADED FOR SIMPLE ASYNC TASKS
    ๏A LOT OF SETUP FOR LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
    

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23. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    WHAT DO WE WANT?
    23
    ๏ MAKE ASYNC CALLS TO PHP
    ๏ EVENTUALLY GET THE RESPONSES
    ๏ NO ADDITIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE
    ๏ NO ADDITIONAL EXTENSIONS
    ๏ WEB-REQUEST-LIKE DATA HANDLING (BECAUSE WE’RE USED TO IT)
    ๏ TAKE ADVANTAGE OF OPCACHE
    ๏ BACKGROUND WORKERS NOT EXPOSED TO "PUBLIC"
    ๏ TUNEABLE PROCESS MANAGEMENT
    

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24. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    WHAT IF I TOLD YOU…
    24
    THERE IS A BULLET-PROOF PROCESS MANAGER
    SHIPPED WITH PHP
    … AND YOU’RE PROBABLY USING IT ALREADY.
    

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25. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    25
    PHP-FPM
    (PHP FastCGI Process Manager)
    

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26. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    26
    WEBSERVER

    (NGINX, APACHE)
    PHP-FPM
    HOW IT USUALLY WORKS
    POOL (WWW)
    1..N PROCESSES
    PHP WEB CONTEXT
    

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27. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    HOW IT USUALLY WORKS
    27
    PID TIME COMMAND
    1365 00:00:01 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php/7.1/fpm/php-fpm.conf)
    1719 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool ##www
    1720 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool ##www
    4529 00:00:01 php-fpm: pool ##www
    LOOKS FAMILIAR?
    

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28. hollodotme/fast-cgi-client
    

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29. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    29
    WEBSERVER

    (NGINX, APACHE)
    PHP-FPM
    HOW IT WORKS
    POOL (WWW)
    1..N PROCESSES
    POOL (BACKGROUND)

    0..N PROCESSES
    PHP WEB CONTEXT
    

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30. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    30
    WEBSERVER

    (NGINX, APACHE)
    PHP-FPM
    HOW IT WORKS
    POOL (WWW)
    1..N PROCESSES
    POOL (BACKGROUND)

    0..N PROCESSES
    QUEUE
    PHP WEB CONTEXT
    

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31. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    PHP-FPM POOL CONFIG UNIX DOMAIN SOCKET
    31
    ; Pool name
    [background]
    ; Process ownership
    user = ##www-data
    group = ##www-data
    ; Socket path
    listen = /var/run/php/php7.1-fpm-background.sock
    ; Socket ownership
    listen.owner = ##www-data
    listen.group = ##www-data
    ; Process management
    pm = ondemand
    ; Maximum of children that can be alive at the same time
    pm.max_children = 100
    ; Number of seconds after which an idle children will be killed
    pm.process_idle_timeout = 10s
    

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32. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    CONNECT TO UNIX DOMAIN SOCKET
    32
    namespace YourVendor\YourProject;
    use hollodotme\FastCGI\Client;
    use hollodotme\FastCGI\SocketConnections\UnixDomainSocket;
    $connection = new UnixDomainSocket(
    # Socket path to php-fpm
    '/var/run/php/php7.1-fpm-background.sock',
    # Connect timeout in milliseconds (default: 5000)
    5000,
    # Read/write timeout in milliseconds (default: 5000)
    5000
    );
    $client = new Client( $connection );
    

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33. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    CONNECT TO NETWORK SOCKET
    33
    namespace YourVendor\YourProject;
    use hollodotme\FastCGI\Client;
    use hollodotme\FastCGI\SocketConnections\NetworkSocket;
    $connection = new NetworkSocket(
    # Hostname or IP
    '127.0.0.1',
    # Port
    9001,
    # Connect timeout in milliseconds (default: 5000)
    5000,
    # Read/write timeout in milliseconds (default: 5000)
    5000
    );
    $client = new Client( $connection );
    

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34. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    PHP-FPM POOL CONFIG NETWORK SOCKET
    34
    ; Pool name
    [background]
    ; Process ownership
    user = ##www-data
    group = ##www-data
    ; Socket IP and Port
    listen = 127.0.0.1:9001
    ; Socket ownership
    listen.owner = ##www-data
    listen.group = ##www-data
    ; Process management
    pm = ondemand
    ; Maximum of children that can be alive at the same time
    pm.max_children = 100
    ; Number of seconds after which an idle children will be killed
    pm.process_idle_timeout = 10s
    

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35. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    SEND A SYNCHRONOUS REQUEST
    35
    # Content-type: ’application/x-##www-form-urlencoded’ (default)
    $content = http_build_query( ['key' #=> 'value'] );
    # Simulate HTTP Verbs: GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE
    $request = new PostRequest( '/create-pdf.php', $content );
    $response = $client#->sendRequest( $request );
    echo $response#->getBody();
    

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36. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    RESPONSE INTERFACE
    36
    namespace hollodotme\FastCGI\Interfaces;
    interface ProvidesResponseData
    {
    public function getRequestId() : int;
    public function getHeaders() : array;
    public function getHeader( string $headerKey ) : string;
    public function getBody() : string;
    public function getRawResponse() : string;
    public function getDuration() : float;
    }
    

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37. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    ASYNC REQUEST (FIRE & FORGET)
    37
    $client = new Client( new NetworkSocket( '127.0.0.1', 9000 ) );
    $content = http_build_query( ['key' #=> 'value'] );
    $request = new PostRequest( '/create-pdf.php', $content );
    $requestId = $client#->sendAsyncRequest( $request );
    echo "Request sent, got ID: {$requestId}";
    

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38. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    ASYNC REQUEST + WAIT FOR RESPONSE
    38
    # ##...
    $requestId = $client#->sendAsyncRequest( $request );
    echo "Request sent, got ID: {$requestId}";
    # Do something in the meanwhile here ##...
    $response = $client#->readResponse( $requestId );
    # Blocking call until response is received or read timed out
    echo $response#->getBody();
    

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39. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    USING RESPONSE CALLBACKS
    39
    # Response callbacks expect a ProvidesResponseData instance
    # ##...variadic function
    $request#->addResponseCallbacks(
    function( ProvidesResponseData $response ) {
    echo $response#->getBody();
    }
    );
    # Failure callbacks expect a \Throwable instance
    # ##...variadic function
    $request#->addFailureCallbacks(
    function ( \Throwable $throwable ) {
    echo $throwable#->getMessage();
    }
    );
    $requestId = $client#->sendAsyncRequest( $request );
    

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40. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    USING PASS THROUG CALLBACKS
    40
    # Pass through callbacks expect a string (output buffer)
    # ##...variadic function
    $request#->addPassThroughCallbacks(
    function( string $buffer ) {
    echo $buffer;
    }
    );
    $requestId = $client#->sendAsyncRequest( $request );
    

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41. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    USING RESPONSE CALLBACKS
    41
    # ##...
    $client#->waitForResponse( $requestId ); # Inner loop
    # ##... is the same as
    while(true) # Outer loop
    {
    if ( $client#->hasResponse( $requestId ) )
    {
    $client#->handleResponse( $requestId );
    break;
    }
    }
    

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42. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    MULTIPLE REQUESTS - ORDERED RESPONSES
    42
    $requestIds = [];
    $requestIds[] = $client#->sendAsyncRequest( $request1 );
    $requestIds[] = $client#->sendAsyncRequest( $request2 );
    $requestIds[] = $client#->sendAsyncRequest( $request3 );
    echo 'Sent requests: ' . implode( ', ', $requestIds ) . "\n";
    # Do something else here in the meanwhile ##...
    # Blocking call until all responses are received or read timed out
    foreach ($client#->readResponses(5000, ##...$requestIds) as $response)
    {
    echo $response#->getBody() . "\n";
    }
    

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43. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    MULTIPLE REQUESTS - ORDERED RESPONSES
    43
    # PRINTS
    Response #1
    Response #2
    Response #3
    ๏ NO MATTER HOW LONG EACH
    WORKER TOOK TO RESPOND
    

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44. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    MULTIPLE REQUESTS - REACTIVE RESPONSES
    44
    $requestIds = [];
    $requestIds[] = $client#->sendAsyncRequest( $request1 );
    $requestIds[] = $client#->sendAsyncRequest( $request2 );
    $requestIds[] = $client#->sendAsyncRequest( $request3 );
    echo 'Sent requests: ' . implode( ', ', $requestIds ) . "\n";
    # Do something else here in the meanwhile ##...
    while ( $client#->hasUnhandledResponses() )
    {
    # read all ready responses
    foreach ( $client#->readReadyResponses() as $response )
    {
    echo $response#->getBody() . "\n";
    }

    echo '.';
    }
    

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45. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    MULTIPLE REQUESTS - REACTIVE RESPONSES
    45
    # ##... is the same as
    while ( $client#->hasUnhandledResponses() )
    {
    $readyRequestIds = $client#->getRequestIdsHavingResponse();
    # read all ready responses
    foreach ( $readyRequestIds as $requestId )
    {
    $response = $client#->readResponse( $requestId );
    echo $response#->getBody() . "\n";
    }

    echo '.';
    }
    

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46. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    MULTIPLE REQUESTS - REACTIVE RESPONSES
    46
    # PRINTS
    .....Response #2
    .......Response #3
    ..........Response #1
    ๏ ORDERED BY RESPONSE TIME
    

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47. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    MULTIPLE REQUESTS - REACTIVE CALLBACKS
    47
    $client#->waitForResponses(); # Inner loop
    # ##... is the same as
    while ( $client#->hasUnhandledResponses() ) # Outer loop
    {
    $client#->handleReadyResponses();
    }
    # ##... is the same as
    while ( $client#->hasUnhandledResponses() ) # Outer loop
    {
    $readyRequestIds = $client#->getRequestIdsHavingResponse();
    foreach ( $readyRequestIds as $requestId )
    {
    $client#->handleResponse( $requestId );
    }
    }
    

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48. DEMO!
    

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49. QUESTIONS?
    

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50. THANK YOU!
    github.com/hollodotme
    @hollodotme / @F9T3ch
    fortuneglobe.com
    phpug-dresden.org
    @phpugdd
    HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    icehawk.github.io
    speakerdeck.com/hollodotme
    Slides available at:
    

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51. ASYNC PHP REQUESTS AND REACTIVE RESPONSES WITH PHP-FPM • NOVEMBER 5th 2017 • php CE • Poland HOLGER WOLTERSDORF
    LINKS / REFERENCES
    51
    ๏ PHP USERGROUP DRESDEN e.V. http://phpug-dresden.org
    ๏ Asynchronous cURL Requests: http://www.paul-norman.co.uk/2009/06/asynchronous-curl-requests/
    ๏ Arne Blankerts’ talk about nodejs + PHP: https://thephp.cc/dates/2016/02/confoo/just-married-node-js-and-php
    ๏ Original PHP FastCGI Client by Pierrick Charron: https://github.com/adoy/PHP-FastCGI-Client/
    ๏ PHP FastCGI Client: https://github.com/hollodotme/fast-cgi-client
    ๏ PHP FastCGI Client Demo: https://github.com/hollodotme/fast-cgi-client-demo
    ๏ FastCGI Specification: http://www.mit.edu/~yandros/doc/specs/fcgi-spec.html
    ๏ Experimental use-case with rabbitMQ: https://hollo.me/php/experimental-async-php-volume-2.html
    

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