Creating JATS XML from Japanese language articles and automatic typesetting using XSLT / JATS-Con-Asia-20151019-03-Hidehiko-Nakanishi

JATS-Con Asia
Monday, October 19, 2015
http://jats-con-asia.strikingly.com/

General Session:
Speaker 1 "Creating JATS XML from Japanese language articles and automatic typesetting using XSLT"
-Hidehiko Nakanishi, Nakanishi Printing, Co. Ltd.
Abstract: http://jats-con-asia.strikingly.com/#speakers
Materials: https://speakerdeck.com/jatsconasiasc/jats-con-asia-20151019-03-hidehiko-nakanishi
Video: https://vimeo.com/150206898

Transcript

1. Creating JATS XML from
   Japanese language articles and
   automatic typesetting using XSLT.
   Hidehiko Nakanishi
   Nakanishi Printing Co., Ltd.
   Kyoto Japan
   

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2. Contents
   1. Introduction
   2. Creating Japanese XML articles in JATS
   3. Creating PDF using AH Formatter
   4. Challenges of Applying JATS to Japanese
   language texts
   5. Future
   6. Conclusion
   

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3. Introduction
   

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4. Many countries use Non-Latin script
   

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5. Not all research articles are written
   in English.
    Many articles are not even using Latin
   alphabets
   

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6. What languages are used in articles written in Japan?
   STM
   Japanese
   English
   Articles published in J-Stage,
   E-journal platform operated by the
   Japan Science and Technology
   Agency (JST).
   1
   2
   Japanese
   English
   University journal articles indexed in
   NDL-OPAC,
   All areas
   

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7. We wanted schema applicable to
   Japanese
    Even for Japanese-language articles, e-articles
   are essential.
    We were looking for schema for Japanese-
   language articles.
    Such schema had to accept English as well.
   

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8. JATS multi-language support
    In 2011 JATS 0.4 enabled to express Japanese-
   language articles in XML
    J-STAGE supported JATS 0.4 immediately
    We started creating JATS XML for Japanese-
   language articles
    Before that
   
   

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9. I am from Kyoto, Japan
   Bethesda
   Kyoto
   East Asia Kanji cultural zone
   

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10. Kyoto was a former capital
    Where my company, Nakanishi Printing, is located.
    

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11. Founded in 1865 by our ancestor.
    150 year old family business.
    One of the oldest printers.
    Former building of Nakanishi
    Printing in Taisho era (1912-
    1926)
    Current building of Nakanishi
    printing
    Our Tradition
    

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12. A brazier made by Woodcut print plate
    in 19c Type picker 1960’s
    Our history
    Today
    

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13. This is a Japanese e-journal
    The Japanese Journal of Gastroenterological Surgery
    

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14. Same page expressed in English
    

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15. View Slide

16. Expressing Multiple Languages
     Alternate expressions for a single object are
    necessary
     Simple repetition of a tag can be confusing
    – Two name expressions of the same person?
    – Or two different persons?
     JATS introduced “alternatives” tags for such
    cases
    

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17. • Two name expressions of a single person
    
    
    中西
    秀彦
    
    
    Nakanishi
    Hidehiko
    
    
    “Alternatives” Tags
    

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18. “Alternatives” tags
    

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19. element name multi-language tag Note
    article title
    article subtitle
    names
    affiliations
    collaborators
    abstract is repeatable with different
    "xml:lang".
    is for articles later
    translated.
    keyword group is repeatable with
    different "xml:lang".
    generic any component which need multi-
    language data
    How multiple language can be
    expressed in JATS
    

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20. Creating Japanese XML
    articles in JATS
    

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21. Creating XML articles in JATS
     We don’t have tools readily available for
    creating Japanese XML files.
     Our method
    1. Convert Microsoft Word to Microsoft Office
    Open XML
    2. Convert Microsoft Office Open XML to JATS
    XML
    3. Validate XML
    

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22. (1) Converting Microsoft Word to
    Microsoft Office Open XML
    MS Open XML tags
    

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23. (2) Converting Microsoft Office Open
    XML to JATS XML
     Through XSLT, removing unnecessary tags.
     Perl program processing.
     We faced the difficulty of Agglutinative
    languages
    – A word connect next word without space.
    – Computer cannot distinguish word separation.
    – Even in given name and surname separation.
    

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24. Agglutinative languages
     Typical in East Asian languages
     No separating spaces between words
    

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25. One sentence one character string
    Japanese
    Agglutinative languages using
    Ideograph
    日本語
    表意文字を用いた膠着語
    

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26. Agglutinative languages
     In old days, even no punctuations were used
    i.e. multiple sentences in one character string!
    

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27. Inserting word separators.
     we insert separators manually.
    – surname, "中西", given name, "秀彦", are attached
    as "中西秀彦" in an article
    – It is separated as "中西@秀彦"
     Possible alternatives are "中@西秀彦", and "
    中西秀@彦", but only human can eliminate
    them
     There is no algorithm to determine it correctly.
    

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28. (3) Validating XML
     Use the Oxygen XML editor
     Final JATS XML is obtained to be uploaded to
    J-STAGE
    

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29. PDF is still necessary
     For paper publishing.
     For readability.
    

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30. View Slide

31. Creating PDF using AH
    Formatter
    

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32.  アンテナハウスさんから資料
    Antenna House AH Formatter
    

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33. XSLT
     The XSLT converts a JATS file into XSL-FO
    which expresses page model format for PDF.
    

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34. For Japanese rendering
    AH Formatter extension
    

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35. Using Formatter for STM articles
     There are no major problems
     The basic style of writing STM papers do not
    differ greatly between western countries and
    Japan.
     Word separators should be inserted in XML in
    advance
    
    

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36. Challenges of Applying JATS to
    Japanese language texts
     But in Japan, exquisite type settings are
    requested.
     Automatic type setting by AH formatter may
    not be sufficient.
    

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37. Avoiding Line-Top Punctuations
     Punctuation marks shall not come at the top of
    a line ⇒ Also in English
     「っ」or「ッ」 (to mark a geminate consonant)
    does not come in a head of a line ⇒ Japanese
    rule
     AH Formatter can handle these rules
    

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38. Avoiding Word Breakup
     Some words, such as personal names shall not be
    broken-up between lines
     We use "Zero Width Joiner" code (‍)
    e.g. 中‍西
    

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39. Positioning Figures/Tables
     Figures and tables should be positioned in the
    SAME page that the corresponding texts
    appear.
     This requires customized XSLT, sometimes
    for each figures and tables.
     This increases cost.
    

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40. Positioning Figures/Tables
    Every articles need these XSLTs
    

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41. Future
    What is to be done next
    –Vertical writing
    –Emphasis or “Kenten”
    –Warichu
    

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42. Vertical writing
     Traditionally, Japanese
    (and Chinese and
    Korean) writes from top
    to bottom
    

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43. Vertical Writing
     Vertical Writing
    causes some
    interesting problems,
    orientation of Arabic
    numerals and Latin
    alphabets
    New element for direction is necessary.
    as
    

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44. Emphasis
     Emphasis or “Kenten”
     It is like bold faces and
    italics in English
     We use
    and AH formatter extension
    to express this today.
     We need a generic tag,
    
    

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45. Warichu
     Vertical writing
    texts sometimes
    contain notes called
    “Warichu”.
     Warichu uses 2 lines
    within a parent line.
    

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46. Warichu
    Historical document example
    

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47. Suggestion
    Additional tags for
    –Vertical writing
    –Emphasis or “Kenten”
    –Warichu
    

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48. Conclusion
     JATS opened a new horizon in processing
    Japanese-language articles
    – No major difficulties
    – UTF-8, encoding for XML, also enables to express
    most Japanese characters correctly
    

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49. Conclusion
     Still there are remaining issues in processing
    non-Latin, agglutinative languages such as
    Japanese.
     Challenges
    – Word separators have to be inserted manually
    – Line break issues
    – Positioning figures and tables correctly
    

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50. Heaven/Earth/Man
    http://artnews.blog.so-net.ne.jp/2011-04-22
    

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51. Structure vs. Expression
     In pictograph/ideograph writing system,
    authors and publishers care more about the
    look appearance and the layout, than those in
    western world.
    – Calligraphy
     We sometimes need to describe such
    looks/layouts in XML.
    – May, or may not be solved by extending JATS
    

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52. Is JATS applicable?
    “Kaitai shinsho” the first western medical book translation in 1774.
    

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53. Is JATS applicable?
     “Amma tebiki” Eastern medical text book(1835)
    

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54. Thank you
    

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