CodeStock: Orchestrating Apps by Composing Angular Directives

Transcript

1. Orchestrating Apps by Composing Angular Directives
   9:25 AM / Ballroom C
   

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2. Orchestrating Apps by
   Composing Angular Directives
   Jeremy Fairbank
   @elpapapollo
   

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3. Hi, I’m Jeremy
   jfairbank
   @elpapapollo
   pushagency.io
   blog.jeremyfairbank.com
   simplybuilt.com
   

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4. Building software is hard
   

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5. Who is software for?
   

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6. Who is software for?
   • Computers
   • Users
   • Programmers
   • Me
   • You
   http://www.commitstrip.com/en/2015/05/29/always-stuck-somewhere-in-my-head/
   

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7. Competing Goals
   

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8. Competing Goals
   • Performance
   • Maintainability
   • Shipping
   • Readability
   • Scalability
   

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9. Competing Goals
   • Performance
   • Maintainability
   • Shipping
   • Readability
   • Scalability
   

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10. Patterns make it “easier”
    

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11. Why not use them with
    JavaScript frameworks?
    

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12. Composition
    

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13. What is composition?
    

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14. What is composition?
    

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15. What is composition?
    

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16. – Wikipedia
    “The various visual elements, known as
    elements of design, formal elements, or
    elements of art, are the vocabulary
    with which the visual artist composes.
    These elements in the overall design
    usually relate to each other and to the
    whole art work.”
    What is composition?
    

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17. – Wikipedia
    “The way in which something is put
    together or arranged. The combination
    of parts or elements that make up
    something.”
    What is composition?
    

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18. Composition
    Create with small independent pieces.
    

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19. Composition
    Embodiment of many design principles.
    

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20. Design Principles
    

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21. Design Principles
    • Modularity
    • Separation of concerns (SOC)
    • Loose coupling
    • High cohesion
    • Composition over inheritance
    • Ad nauseam…
    

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22. Directives Review
    

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23. Directives Review
    • Attach behavior to the DOM via attributes, elements,
    comments, or CSS classes
    • Componentize functionality with HTML
    • Create custom HTML elements
    

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24. Directives Review
    • Attach behavior to the DOM via attributes, elements,
    comments, or CSS classes
    • Componentize functionality with HTML
    • Create custom HTML elements
    
    
    

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25. Directives Review
    angular.module('myApp', [])
    .directive('nameTag', function() {
    return {
    restrict: 'E',
    scope: { name: '@' },
    template: 'Hello, my name is {{name}}',
    link: function(scope) {
    if (!scope.name) {
    scope.name = 'Joe Schmoe';
    }
    }
    };
    });
    

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26. Directives Review
    angular.module('myApp', [])
    .directive('nameTag', function() {
    return {
    restrict: 'E',
    scope: { name: '@' },
    template: 'Hello, my name is {{name}}',
    link: function(scope) {
    if (!scope.name) {
    scope.name = 'Joe Schmoe';
    }
    }
    };
    });
    

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27. Directives Review
    angular.module('myApp', [])
    .directive('nameTag', function() {
    return {
    restrict: 'E',
    scope: { name: '@' },
    template: 'Hello, my name is {{name}}',
    link: function(scope) {
    if (!scope.name) {
    scope.name = 'Joe Schmoe';
    }
    }
    };
    });
    

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28. Directives Review
    angular.module('myApp', [])
    .directive('nameTag', function() {
    return {
    restrict: 'E',
    scope: { name: '@' },
    template: 'Hello, my name is {{name}}',
    link: function(scope) {
    if (!scope.name) {
    scope.name = 'Joe Schmoe';
    }
    }
    };
    });
    

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29. Directives Review
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

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30. Directives Review
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

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31. Directives Review
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

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32. Directives Review
    return {
    restrict: 'E',
    scope: { name: '@' },
    template: 'Hello, my name is {{name}}',
    link: function(scope) {
    if (!scope.name) {
    scope.name = 'Joe Schmoe';
    }
    }
    };
    

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33. Directives Review
    return {
    restrict: 'E',
    scope: { name: '@' },
    template: 'Hello, my name is {{name}}',
    link: function(scope) {
    if (!scope.name) {
    scope.name = 'Joe Schmoe';
    }
    }
    };
    Restrict to element declaration
    (i.e. ``)
    E - element
    A - attribute
    C - class name
    

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34. Directives Review
    return {
    restrict: 'E',
    scope: { name: '@' },
    template: 'Hello, my name is {{name}}',
    link: function(scope) {
    if (!scope.name) {
    scope.name = 'Joe Schmoe';
    }
    }
    };
    Isolate scope
    @ - attributes
    = - bindings
    & - behavior/callbacks
    

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35. Directives Review
    return {
    restrict: 'E',
    scope: { name: '@' },
    template: 'Hello, my name is {{name}}',
    link: function(scope) {
    if (!scope.name) {
    scope.name = 'Joe Schmoe';
    }
    }
    };
    Templates
    template - literal template
    templateUrl - url or script id for template
    

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36. Directives Review
    return {
    restrict: 'E',
    scope: { name: '@' },
    template: 'Hello, my name is {{name}}',
    link: function(scope) {
    if (!scope.name) {
    scope.name = 'Joe Schmoe';
    }
    }
    };
    link
    manipulate DOM or set some
    defaults on scope
    controller
    add to scope too, preferably
    for exposing an API
    Set up
    

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37. Directives Review
    return {
    restrict: 'E',
    scope: { name: '@' },
    template: 'Hello, my name is {{name}}',
    link: function(scope) {
    if (!scope.name) {
    scope.name = 'Joe Schmoe';
    }
    }
    };
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

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38. Directives Review
    return {
    restrict: 'E',
    scope: { name: '@' },
    template: 'Hello, my name is {{name}}',
    link: function(scope) {
    if (!scope.name) {
    scope.name = 'Joe Schmoe';
    }
    }
    };
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Supplying the
    attribute value
    

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39. return {
    restrict: 'E',
    scope: { name: '@' },
    template: 'Hello, my name is {{name}}',
    link: function(scope) {
    if (!scope.name) {
    scope.name = 'Joe Schmoe';
    }
    }
    };
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    Directives Review
    Using the
    default value
    

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40. Composition and Angular
    

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41. Composition and Angular
    • Focus on smaller problems to solve a large problem
    • Apply design principles to directives
    • Build app in terms of directives
    • Decompose large directives into small reusable directives
    • Refactoring and adding new features becomes more
    manageable
    

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42. But how do we fit directives
    together?
    

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43. Data Flow
    

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44. Data Flow
    App
    Directive Directive
    Directive Directive Directive Directive Directive
    Directive Directive
    

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45. Data Flow
    • Connecting directives to
    build an “app” through the
    flow of data
    • Handling model data
    among directives
    • Many approaches with
    pros and cons
    App
    Directive Directive
    Directive Directive Directive Directive Directive
    Directive Directive
    

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46. Data Flow
    1. Shared/global state with
    prototypal scoping
    2. Exporting API’s with
    directive controllers
    3. Isolate scope bindings and
    callbacks
    4. Event broadcasting and
    emitting
    App
    Directive Directive
    Directive Directive Directive Directive Directive
    Directive Directive
    

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47. Prototypal Scoping
    

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48. Prototypal Scoping
    app.directive('imageGallery', function() {
    return {
    scope: true,
    templateUrl: 'image-gallery.html'
    };
    });
    

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49. Prototypal Scoping
    app.directive('imageGallery', function() {
    return {
    scope: true,
    templateUrl: 'image-gallery.html'
    };
    });
    Create a child scope that
    “inherits” from parent scope
    

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50. Prototypal Scoping
    app.controller('ImageCtrl', function($scope) {
    function createImage(src, text) {
    return { src: src, text: text, favorited: false };
    }
    $scope.mainImage = {};
    $scope.imageFavorites = [];
    $scope.images = [
    createImage('/images/cat-1.jpg', 'Cat 1'),
    createImage('/images/cat-2.jpg', 'Cat 2'),
    createImage('/images/cat-3.jpg', 'Cat 3'),
    createImage('/images/cat-4.jpg', 'Cat 4')
    ];
    });
    

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51. Prototypal Scoping
    app.controller('ImageCtrl', function($scope) {
    function createImage(src, text) {
    return { src: src, text: text, favorited: false };
    }
    $scope.mainImage = {};
    $scope.imageFavorites = [];
    $scope.images = [
    createImage('/images/cat-1.jpg', 'Cat 1'),
    createImage('/images/cat-2.jpg', 'Cat 2'),
    createImage('/images/cat-3.jpg', 'Cat 3'),
    createImage('/images/cat-4.jpg', 'Cat 4')
    ];
    });
    

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52. Prototypal Scoping
    app.controller('ImageCtrl', function($scope) {
    function createImage(src, text) {
    return { src: src, text: text, favorited: false };
    }
    $scope.mainImage = {};
    $scope.imageFavorites = [];
    $scope.images = [
    createImage('/images/cat-1.jpg', 'Cat 1'),
    createImage('/images/cat-2.jpg', 'Cat 2'),
    createImage('/images/cat-3.jpg', 'Cat 3'),
    createImage('/images/cat-4.jpg', 'Cat 4')
    ];
    });
    

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53. Prototypal Scoping
    <br/><main-image></main-image><br/><image-list></image-list><br/><image-favorites></image-favorites><br/>
    
    
    
    

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54. Prototypal Scoping
    <br/><main-image></main-image><br/><image-list></image-list><br/><image-favorites></image-favorites><br/>
    
    
    
    

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55. Prototypal Scoping
    <br/><main-image></main-image><br/><image-list></image-list><br/><image-favorites></image-favorites><br/>
    
    
    
    

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56. Prototypal Scoping
    <br/><h3>Main Image</h3><br/><img width="160" ng-src="{{mainImage.src}}"><br/>
    

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57. Prototypal Scoping
    <br/><h3>Images</h3><br/><div class="image-info" ng-repeat="image in images"><br/><div ng-click="favorite(image)"><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}"><br/></div><br/><p>{{image.text}}</p><br/><button ng-click="setMainImage(image)"><br/>Set Main Image<br/></button><br/></div><br/>
    

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58. Prototypal Scoping
    <br/><h3>Images</h3><br/><div class="image-info" ng-repeat="image in images"><br/><div ng-click="favorite(image)"><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}"><br/></div><br/><p>{{image.text}}</p><br/><button ng-click="setMainImage(image)"><br/>Set Main Image<br/></button><br/></div><br/>
    

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59. Prototypal Scoping
    <br/><h3>Images</h3><br/><div class="image-info" ng-repeat="image in images"><br/><div ng-click="favorite(image)"><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}"><br/></div><br/><p>{{image.text}}</p><br/><button ng-click="setMainImage(image)"><br/>Set Main Image<br/></button><br/></div><br/>
    

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60. Prototypal Scoping
    <br/><h3>Images</h3><br/><div class="image-info" ng-repeat="image in images"><br/><div ng-click="favorite(image)"><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}"><br/></div><br/><p>{{image.text}}</p><br/><button ng-click="setMainImage(image)"><br/>Set Main Image<br/></button><br/></div><br/>
    

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61. Prototypal Scoping
    <br/><h3>Favorites</h3><br/><h4>Favorited: {{imageFavorites.length}}</h4><br/><ul><br/><li ng-repeat="image in imageFavorites"><br/><p><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}" width="40"><br/>{{image.text}}<br/><button ng-click="unfavorite(image)"><br/>Unfavorite<br/></button><br/></p><br/></li><br/></ul><br/>
    

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62. Prototypal Scoping
    <br/><h3>Favorites</h3><br/><h4>Favorited: {{imageFavorites.length}}</h4><br/><ul><br/><li ng-repeat="image in imageFavorites"><br/><p><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}" width="40"><br/>{{image.text}}<br/><button ng-click="unfavorite(image)"><br/>Unfavorite<br/></button><br/></p><br/></li><br/></ul><br/>
    

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63. Prototypal Scoping
    <br/><h3>Favorites</h3><br/><h4>Favorited: {{imageFavorites.length}}</h4><br/><ul><br/><li ng-repeat="image in imageFavorites"><br/><p><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}" width="40"><br/>{{image.text}}<br/><button ng-click="unfavorite(image)"><br/>Unfavorite<br/></button><br/></p><br/></li><br/></ul><br/>
    

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64. Prototypal Scoping
    app.directive('mainImage', function() {
    return {
    scope: true,
    templateUrl: 'image-gallery.html'
    };
    });
    

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65. Prototypal Scoping
    app.directive('imageFavorites', function() {
    return {
    scope: true,
    templateUrl: 'image-favorites.html',
    link: function(scope) {
    scope.unfavorite = function(image) {
    var i = scope.imageFavorites.indexOf(image);
    if (i > -1) {
    image.favorited = false;
    scope.imageFavorites.splice(i, 1);
    }
    };
    }
    };
    });
    

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66. Prototypal Scoping
    app.directive('imageFavorites', function() {
    return {
    scope: true,
    templateUrl: 'image-favorites.html',
    link: function(scope) {
    scope.unfavorite = function(image) {
    var i = scope.imageFavorites.indexOf(image);
    if (i > -1) {
    image.favorited = false;
    scope.imageFavorites.splice(i, 1);
    }
    };
    }
    };
    });
    

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67. Prototypal Scoping
    Demo
    

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68. Prototypal Scoping
    What about more than one gallery?
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

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69. Prototypal Scoping
    What about more than one gallery?
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

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70. Prototypal Scoping
    app.controller('CatImageCtrl', function($scope) {
    $scope.images = [
    createImage('/images/cat-1.jpg', 'Cat 1'),
    createImage('/images/cat-2.jpg', 'Cat 2'),
    createImage('/images/cat-3.jpg', 'Cat 3'),
    createImage('/images/cat-4.jpg', 'Cat 4')
    ];
    }).controller('NatureImageCtrl', function($scope) {
    $scope.images = [
    createImage('/images/nature-1.jpg', 'Nature 1'),
    createImage('/images/nature-2.jpg', 'Nature 2'),
    createImage('/images/nature-3.jpg', 'Nature 3'),
    createImage('/images/nature-4.jpg', 'Nature 4')
    ];
    });
    

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71. Prototypal Scoping
    Demo
    

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72. Prototypal Scoping
    What’s the problem?
    

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73. Prototypal Scoping
    Object properties on prototypes are problematic
    

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74. app.controller('ImageCtrl', function($scope) {
    // ...
    $scope.mainImage = {};
    $scope.imageFavorites = [];
    });
    app.directive('imageList', function() {
    return {
    // ...
    link: function(scope) {
    scope.setMainImage = function(image) {
    scope.mainImage.src = image.src;
    };
    scope.favorite = function(image) {
    if (!image.favorited) {
    image.favorited = true;
    scope.imageFavorites.push(image);
    }
    };
    }
    };
    });
    

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75. app.controller('ImageCtrl', function($scope) {
    // ...
    $scope.mainImage = {};
    $scope.imageFavorites = [];
    });
    app.directive('imageList', function() {
    return {
    // ...
    link: function(scope) {
    scope.setMainImage = function(image) {
    scope.mainImage.src = image.src;
    };
    scope.favorite = function(image) {
    if (!image.favorited) {
    image.favorited = true;
    scope.imageFavorites.push(image);
    }
    };
    }
    };
    });
    

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76. app.controller('ImageCtrl', function($scope) {
    // ...
    $scope.mainImage = {};
    $scope.imageFavorites = [];
    });
    app.directive('imageList', function() {
    return {
    // ...
    link: function(scope) {
    scope.setMainImage = function(image) {
    scope.mainImage.src = image.src;
    };
    scope.favorite = function(image) {
    if (!image.favorited) {
    image.favorited = true;
    scope.imageFavorites.push(image);
    }
    };
    }
    };
    });
    

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77. app.controller('CatImageCtrl', function($scope) {
    $scope.mainImage = {};
    $scope.imageFavorites = [];
    $scope.images = [
    createImage('/images/cat-1.jpg', 'Cat 1'),
    createImage('/images/cat-2.jpg', 'Cat 2'),
    createImage('/images/cat-3.jpg', 'Cat 3'),
    createImage('/images/cat-4.jpg', 'Cat 4')
    ];
    }).controller('NatureImageCtrl', function($scope) {
    $scope.mainImage = {};
    $scope.imageFavorites = [];
    $scope.images = [
    createImage('/images/nature-1.jpg', 'Nature 1'),
    createImage('/images/nature-2.jpg', 'Nature 2'),
    createImage('/images/nature-3.jpg', 'Nature 3'),
    createImage('/images/nature-4.jpg', 'Nature 4')
    ];
    });
    

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78. app.controller('CatImageCtrl', function($scope) {
    $scope.mainImage = {};
    $scope.imageFavorites = [];
    $scope.images = [
    createImage('/images/cat-1.jpg', 'Cat 1'),
    createImage('/images/cat-2.jpg', 'Cat 2'),
    createImage('/images/cat-3.jpg', 'Cat 3'),
    createImage('/images/cat-4.jpg', 'Cat 4')
    ];
    }).controller('NatureImageCtrl', function($scope) {
    $scope.mainImage = {};
    $scope.imageFavorites = [];
    $scope.images = [
    createImage('/images/nature-1.jpg', 'Nature 1'),
    createImage('/images/nature-2.jpg', 'Nature 2'),
    createImage('/images/nature-3.jpg', 'Nature 3'),
    createImage('/images/nature-4.jpg', 'Nature 4')
    ];
    });
    

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79. Prototypal Scoping Fixed
    Demo
    

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80. Prototypal Scoping
    • Reusable functions
    • Perfect when sharing data is desired
    • Shared data is problematic when reusing directive
    • Fixing shared data issues duplicates code
    • Assumptions about parent scopes
    

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81. Requiring Directive Controllers
    

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82. Requiring Directive Controllers
    Export an API from a parent directive
    

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83. Requiring Directive Controllers
    app.directive('imageList', function() {
    return {
    require: '^imageGallery',
    scope: true,
    templateUrl: 'templates/image-list.html',
    link: function(scope, el, attrs, ctrl) {
    ctrl.setMainImage(scope.images[0]);
    scope.ctrl = ctrl;
    }
    };
    });
    

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84. Requiring Directive Controllers
    app.directive('imageList', function() {
    return {
    require: '^imageGallery',
    scope: true,
    templateUrl: 'templates/image-list.html',
    link: function(scope, el, attrs, ctrl) {
    ctrl.setMainImage(scope.images[0]);
    scope.ctrl = ctrl;
    }
    };
    });
    

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85. Requiring Directive Controllers
    app.directive('imageList', function() {
    return {
    require: '^imageGallery',
    scope: true,
    templateUrl: 'templates/image-list.html',
    link: function(scope, el, attrs, ctrl) {
    ctrl.setMainImage(scope.images[0]);
    scope.ctrl = ctrl;
    }
    };
    });
    Directive name
    

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86. Requiring Directive Controllers
    app.directive('imageList', function() {
    return {
    require: '^imageGallery',
    scope: true,
    templateUrl: 'templates/image-list.html',
    link: function(scope, el, attrs, ctrl) {
    ctrl.setMainImage(scope.images[0]);
    scope.ctrl = ctrl;
    }
    };
    });
    Parent
    

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87. Requiring Directive Controllers
    app.directive('imageList', function() {
    return {
    require: '^imageGallery',
    scope: true,
    templateUrl: 'templates/image-list.html',
    link: function(scope, el, attrs, ctrl) {
    ctrl.setMainImage(scope.images[0]);
    scope.ctrl = ctrl;
    }
    };
    });
    

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88. Requiring Directive Controllers
    app.directive('imageList', function() {
    return {
    require: '^imageGallery',
    scope: true,
    templateUrl: 'templates/image-list.html',
    link: function(scope, el, attrs, ctrl) {
    ctrl.setMainImage(scope.images[0]);
    scope.ctrl = ctrl;
    }
    };
    });
    

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89. Requiring Directive Controllers
    app.directive('imageGallery', function() {
    return {
    scope: true,
    templateUrl: 'templates/image-gallery.html',
    controller: function() {
    // ...
    }
    };
    });
    

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90. Requiring Directive Controllers
    app.directive('imageGallery', function() {
    return {
    scope: true,
    templateUrl: 'templates/image-gallery.html',
    controller: function() {
    // ...
    }
    };
    });
    

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91. controller: function() {
    this.mainImage = {};
    this.imageFavorites = [];
    this.setMainImage = function(image) {
    this.mainImage.src = image.src;
    };
    this.favorite = function(image) {
    if (!image.favorited) {
    image.favorited = true;
    this.imageFavorites.push(image);
    }
    };
    this.unfavorite = function(image) {
    var i = this.imageFavorites.indexOf(image);
    if (i > -1) {
    image.favorited = false;
    this.imageFavorites.splice(i, 1);
    }
    };
    }
    

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92. controller: function() {
    this.mainImage = {};
    this.imageFavorites = [];
    this.setMainImage = function(image) {
    this.mainImage.src = image.src;
    };
    this.favorite = function(image) {
    if (!image.favorited) {
    image.favorited = true;
    this.imageFavorites.push(image);
    }
    };
    this.unfavorite = function(image) {
    var i = this.imageFavorites.indexOf(image);
    if (i > -1) {
    image.favorited = false;
    this.imageFavorites.splice(i, 1);
    }
    };
    }
    

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93. controller: function() {
    this.mainImage = {};
    this.imageFavorites = [];
    this.setMainImage = function(image) {
    this.mainImage.src = image.src;
    };
    this.favorite = function(image) {
    if (!image.favorited) {
    image.favorited = true;
    this.imageFavorites.push(image);
    }
    };
    this.unfavorite = function(image) {
    var i = this.imageFavorites.indexOf(image);
    if (i > -1) {
    image.favorited = false;
    this.imageFavorites.splice(i, 1);
    }
    };
    }
    

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94. Requiring Directive Controllers
    app.directive('mainImage', function() {
    return {
    require: '^imageGallery',
    // ...
    link: function(scope, el, attrs, ctrl) {
    scope.ctrl = ctrl;
    }
    }
    }).directive('imageFavorites', function() {
    return {
    require: '^imageGallery',
    // ...
    link: function(scope, el, attrs, ctrl) {
    scope.ctrl = ctrl;
    }
    };
    });
    

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95. Requiring Directive Controllers
    <br/><h3>Main Image</h3><br/><img width="160" ng-src="{{ctrl.mainImage.src}}"><br/>
    

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96. Requiring Directive Controllers
    <br/><h3>Main Image</h3><br/><img width="160" ng-src="{{ctrl.mainImage.src}}"><br/>
    

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97. Requiring Directive Controllers
    <br/><h3>Images</h3><br/><div class="image-info" ng-repeat="image in images"><br/><div ng-click="ctrl.favorite(image)"><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}"><br/></div><br/><p>{{image.text}}</p><br/><button ng-click="ctrl.setMainImage(image)"><br/>Set Main Image<br/></button><br/></div><br/>
    

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98. Requiring Directive Controllers
    <br/><h3>Images</h3><br/><div class="image-info" ng-repeat="image in images"><br/><div ng-click="ctrl.favorite(image)"><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}"><br/></div><br/><p>{{image.text}}</p><br/><button ng-click="ctrl.setMainImage(image)"><br/>Set Main Image<br/></button><br/></div><br/>
    

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99. Requiring Directive Controllers
    <br/><h3>Favorites</h3><br/><h4>Favorited: {{ctrl.imageFavorites.length}}</h4><br/><ul><br/><li ng-repeat="image in ctrl.imageFavorites"><br/><p><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}" width="40"><br/>{{image.text}}<br/><button ng-click="ctrl.unfavorite(image)"><br/>Unfavorite<br/></button><br/></p><br/></li><br/></ul><br/>
    

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100. Requiring Directive Controllers
     <br/><h3>Favorites</h3><br/><h4>Favorited: {{ctrl.imageFavorites.length}}</h4><br/><ul><br/><li ng-repeat="image in ctrl.imageFavorites"><br/><p><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}" width="40"><br/>{{image.text}}<br/><button ng-click="ctrl.unfavorite(image)"><br/>Unfavorite<br/></button><br/></p><br/></li><br/></ul><br/>
     

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101. Requiring Directive Controllers
     Demo
     

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102. Requiring Directive Controllers
     • Consolidate behavior into a controller API
     • Keep own copy of data instead of sharing
     • Higher coupling — child directives depend upon parent
     directive
     • Still need a parent controller to scope own images (cat
     versus nature)
     

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103. Isolate Scopes
     

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104. Isolate Scopes
     • Directive scope is isolated from other scopes
     – No parent scope to inherit from
     – Can’t access other scopes “easily”
     • Use object literal for scope definition
     scope: {
     age: '@age',
     name: '=',
     selectHobby: '&onSelectHobby'
     }
     

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105. Isolate Scopes
     name="scopeName"
     age="28"
     on-select-hobby="printHobby(hobby)">
     scope: {
     name: '=',
     age: '@age',
     selectHobby: '&onSelectHobby'
     }
     

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106. scope: {
     name: '=',
     age: '@age',
     selectHobby: '&onSelectHobby'
     }
     name="scopeName"
     age="28"
     on-select-hobby="printHobby(hobby)">
     Isolate Scopes
     Explicitly specify HTML attribute
     

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107. scope: {
     name: '=',
     age: '@age',
     selectHobby: '&onSelectHobby'
     }
     name="scopeName"
     age="28"
     on-select-hobby="printHobby(hobby)">
     Isolate Scopes
     Implicit — use the scope
     key for HTML attribute
     

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108. Isolate Scopes
     name="scopeName"
     age="28"
     on-select-hobby="printHobby(hobby)">
     scope: {
     name: '=',
     age: '@age',
     selectHobby: '&onSelectHobby'
     }
     Bidirectional data binding
     Use property scopeName
     from current scope
     

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109. Isolate Scopes
     name="scopeName"
     age="28"
     on-select-hobby="printHobby(hobby)">
     scope: {
     name: '=',
     age: '@age',
     selectHobby: '&onSelectHobby'
     }
     Attribute/string binding; static.
     Use literal string "28"
     

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110. Isolate Scopes
     name="scopeName"
     age="28"
     on-select-hobby="printHobby(hobby)">
     scope: {
     name: '=',
     age: '@age',
     selectHobby: '&onSelectHobby'
     }
     Execute code in a “parent”
     scope (i.e. a callback)
     Function call with any parameter names. Uses function
     printHobby on parent scope (not the directive scope).
     

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111. Isolate Scopes
     app.directive('nameTag', function() {
     return {
     scope: {
     age: '@age',
     name: '=',
     selectHobby: '&onSelectHobby'
     },
     templateUrl: 'name-tag.html',
     link: function(scope, el, attrs) {
     scope.hobbies = ['program', 'read', 'play guitar'];
     scope.age = attrs.age;
     }
     };
     });
     

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112. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><p>Hi, my name is {{name}}. I am {{age}} years old.</p><br/><p><input type="text" ng-model="name"></p><br/><ul><br/><li ng-repeat="hobby in hobbies"><br/><a href="javascript:void(0)"<br/>ng-click="selectHobby({ hobby: hobby })"><br/>{{hobby}}<br/></a><br/></li><br/></ul><br/>
     

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113. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><p>Hi, my name is {{name}}. I am {{age}} years old.</p><br/><p><input type="text" ng-model="name"></p><br/><ul><br/><li ng-repeat="hobby in hobbies"><br/><a href="javascript:void(0)"<br/>ng-click="selectHobby({ hobby: hobby })"><br/>{{hobby}}<br/></a><br/></li><br/></ul><br/>
     

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114. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><p>Hi, my name is {{name}}. I am {{age}} years old.</p><br/><p><input type="text" ng-model="name"></p><br/><ul><br/><li ng-repeat="hobby in hobbies"><br/><a href="javascript:void(0)"<br/>ng-click="selectHobby({ hobby: hobby })"><br/>{{hobby}}<br/></a><br/></li><br/></ul><br/>
     

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115. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><p>Hi, my name is {{name}}. I am {{age}} years old.</p><br/><p><input type="text" ng-model="name"></p><br/><ul><br/><li ng-repeat="hobby in hobbies"><br/><a href="javascript:void(0)"<br/>ng-click="selectHobby({ hobby: hobby })"><br/>{{hobby}}<br/></a><br/></li><br/></ul><br/>
     

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116. Isolate Scopes
     name="scopeName"
     age="28"
     on-select-hobby="printHobby(hobby)">
     <br/><p>Hi, my name is {{name}}. I am {{age}} years old.</p><br/><p><input type="text" ng-model="name"></p><br/><ul><br/><li ng-repeat="hobby in hobbies"><br/><a href="javascript:void(0)"<br/>ng-click="selectHobby({ hobby: hobby })"><br/>{{hobby}}<br/></a><br/></li><br/></ul><br/>
     

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117. <br/><p>Hi, my name is {{name}}. I am {{age}} years old.</p><br/><p><input type="text" ng-model="name"></p><br/><ul><br/><li ng-repeat="hobby in hobbies"><br/><a href="javascript:void(0)"<br/>ng-click="selectHobby({ hobby: hobby })"><br/>{{hobby}}<br/></a><br/></li><br/></ul><br/>
     Isolate Scopes
     name="scopeName"
     age="28"
     on-select-hobby="printHobby(hobby)">
     Invocations require “named
     arguments” via object literal.
     

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118. Isolate Scopes
     Apply to the image gallery now
     

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119. Isolate Scopes
     
     
     
     
     

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120. Isolate Scopes
     
     
     
     
     

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121. Isolate Scopes
     app.controller('ImageCtrl', function($scope) {
     $scope.catImages = [
     createImage('/images/cat-1.jpg', 'Cat 1'),
     createImage('/images/cat-2.jpg', 'Cat 2'),
     createImage('/images/cat-3.jpg', 'Cat 3'),
     createImage('/images/cat-4.jpg', 'Cat 4')
     ];
     $scope.natureImages = [
     createImage('/images/nature-1.jpg', 'Nature 1'),
     createImage('/images/nature-2.jpg', 'Nature 2'),
     createImage('/images/nature-3.jpg', 'Nature 3'),
     createImage('/images/nature-4.jpg', 'Nature 4')
     ];
     });
     

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122. Isolate Scopes
     app.directive('imageGallery', function() {
     return {
     scope: {
     images: '='
     },
     templateUrl: 'templates/image-gallery.html',
     link: function(scope) {
     // ...
     }
     };
     });
     

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123. Isolate Scopes
     app.directive('imageGallery', function() {
     return {
     scope: {
     images: '='
     },
     templateUrl: 'templates/image-gallery.html',
     link: function(scope) {
     // ...
     }
     };
     });
     

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124. Isolate Scopes
     link: function(scope) {
     scope.mainImage = {};
     scope.imageFavorites = [];
     scope.setMain = function(image) {
     scope.mainImage.src = image.src;
     };
     scope.favorite = function(image) {
     scope.imageFavorites.push(image);
     };
     scope.unfavorite = function(image) {
     var i = scope.imageFavorites.indexOf(image);
     if (i > -1) {
     scope.imageFavorites.splice(i, 1);
     }
     };
     }
     

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125. Isolate Scopes
     link: function(scope) {
     scope.mainImage = {};
     scope.imageFavorites = [];
     scope.setMain = function(image) {
     scope.mainImage.src = image.src;
     };
     scope.favorite = function(image) {
     scope.imageFavorites.push(image);
     };
     scope.unfavorite = function(image) {
     var i = scope.imageFavorites.indexOf(image);
     if (i > -1) {
     scope.imageFavorites.splice(i, 1);
     }
     };
     }
     

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126. Isolate Scopes
     link: function(scope) {
     scope.mainImage = {};
     scope.imageFavorites = [];
     scope.setMain = function(image) {
     scope.mainImage.src = image.src;
     };
     scope.favorite = function(image) {
     scope.imageFavorites.push(image);
     };
     scope.unfavorite = function(image) {
     var i = scope.imageFavorites.indexOf(image);
     if (i > -1) {
     scope.imageFavorites.splice(i, 1);
     }
     };
     }
     

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127. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><main-image image="mainImage"></main-image><br/><image-list<br/>images="images"<br/>on-set-main="setMain(image)"<br/>on-favorite="favorite(image)"></image-list><br/><image-favorites<br/>images="imageFavorites"<br/>on-unfavorite="unfavorite(image)"></image-favorites><br/>
     

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128. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><main-image image="mainImage"></main-image><br/><image-list<br/>images="images"<br/>on-set-main="setMain(image)"<br/>on-favorite="favorite(image)"></image-list><br/><image-favorites<br/>images="imageFavorites"<br/>on-unfavorite="unfavorite(image)"></image-favorites><br/>
     

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129. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><main-image image="mainImage"></main-image><br/><image-list<br/>images="images"<br/>on-set-main="setMain(image)"<br/>on-favorite="favorite(image)"></image-list><br/><image-favorites<br/>images="imageFavorites"<br/>on-unfavorite="unfavorite(image)"></image-favorites><br/>
     

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130. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><main-image image="mainImage"></main-image><br/><image-list<br/>images="images"<br/>on-set-main="setMain(image)"<br/>on-favorite="favorite(image)"></image-list><br/><image-favorites<br/>images="imageFavorites"<br/>on-unfavorite="unfavorite(image)"></image-favorites><br/>
     

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131. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><main-image image="mainImage"></main-image><br/><image-list<br/>images="images"<br/>on-set-main="setMain(image)"<br/>on-favorite="favorite(image)"></image-list><br/><image-favorites<br/>images="imageFavorites"<br/>on-unfavorite="unfavorite(image)"></image-favorites><br/>
     

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132. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><main-image image="mainImage"></main-image><br/><image-list<br/>images="images"<br/>on-set-main="setMain(image)"<br/>on-favorite="favorite(image)"></image-list><br/><image-favorites<br/>images="imageFavorites"<br/>on-unfavorite="unfavorite(image)"></image-favorites><br/>
     

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133. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><main-image image="mainImage"></main-image><br/><image-list<br/>images="images"<br/>on-set-main="setMain(image)"<br/>on-favorite="favorite(image)"></image-list><br/><image-favorites<br/>images="imageFavorites"<br/>on-unfavorite="unfavorite(image)"></image-favorites><br/>
     

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134. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><main-image image="mainImage"></main-image><br/><image-list<br/>images="images"<br/>on-set-main="setMain(image)"<br/>on-favorite="favorite(image)"></image-list><br/><image-favorites<br/>images="imageFavorites"<br/>on-unfavorite="unfavorite(image)"></image-favorites><br/>
     

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135. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><main-image image="mainImage"></main-image><br/><image-list<br/>images="images"<br/>on-set-main="setMain(image)"<br/>on-favorite="favorite(image)"></image-list><br/><image-favorites<br/>images="imageFavorites"<br/>on-unfavorite="unfavorite(image)"></image-favorites><br/>
     

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136. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><main-image image="mainImage"></main-image><br/><image-list<br/>images="images"<br/>on-set-main="setMain(image)"<br/>on-favorite="favorite(image)"></image-list><br/><image-favorites<br/>images="imageFavorites"<br/>on-unfavorite="unfavorite(image)"></image-favorites><br/>
     

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137. Isolate Scopes
     app.directive('mainImage', function() {
     return {
     scope: {
     mainImage: '=image'
     },
     templateUrl: 'templates/main-image.html'
     }
     });
     

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138. Isolate Scopes
     app.directive('mainImage', function() {
     return {
     scope: {
     mainImage: '=image'
     },
     templateUrl: 'templates/main-image.html'
     }
     });
     

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139. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><h3>Main Image</h3><br/><img width="160" ng-src="{{mainImage.src}}"><br/>
     

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140. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><h3>Main Image</h3><br/><img width="160" ng-src="{{mainImage.src}}"><br/>
     

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141. Isolate Scopes
     app.directive('imageFavorites', function() {
     return {
     scope: {
     imageFavorites: '=images',
     triggerUnfavorite: '&onUnfavorite'
     },
     templateUrl: 'templates/image-favorites.html',
     link: function(scope) {
     scope.unfavorite = function(image) {
     image.favorited = false;
     scope.triggerUnfavorite({ image: image });
     };
     }
     };
     });
     

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142. Isolate Scopes
     app.directive('imageFavorites', function() {
     return {
     scope: {
     imageFavorites: '=images',
     triggerUnfavorite: '&onUnfavorite'
     },
     templateUrl: 'templates/image-favorites.html',
     link: function(scope) {
     scope.unfavorite = function(image) {
     image.favorited = false;
     scope.triggerUnfavorite({ image: image });
     };
     }
     };
     });
     

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143. Isolate Scopes
     app.directive('imageFavorites', function() {
     return {
     scope: {
     imageFavorites: '=images',
     triggerUnfavorite: '&onUnfavorite'
     },
     templateUrl: 'templates/image-favorites.html',
     link: function(scope) {
     scope.unfavorite = function(image) {
     image.favorited = false;
     scope.triggerUnfavorite({ image: image });
     };
     }
     };
     });
     

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144. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><h3>Favorites</h3><br/><h4>Favorited: {{imageFavorites.length}}</h4><br/><ul><br/><li ng-repeat="image in imageFavorites"><br/><p><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}" width="40"><br/>{{image.text}}<br/><button ng-click="unfavorite(image)"><br/>Unfavorite<br/></button><br/></p><br/></li><br/></ul><br/>
     

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145. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><h3>Favorites</h3><br/><h4>Favorited: {{imageFavorites.length}}</h4><br/><ul><br/><li ng-repeat="image in imageFavorites"><br/><p><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}" width="40"><br/>{{image.text}}<br/><button ng-click="unfavorite(image)"><br/>Unfavorite<br/></button><br/></p><br/></li><br/></ul><br/>
     

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146. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><h3>Favorites</h3><br/><h4>Favorited: {{imageFavorites.length}}</h4><br/><ul><br/><li ng-repeat="image in imageFavorites"><br/><p><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}" width="40"><br/>{{image.text}}<br/><button ng-click="unfavorite(image)"><br/>Unfavorite<br/></button><br/></p><br/></li><br/></ul><br/>
     

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147. app.directive('imageList', function() {
     return {
     scope: {
     images: '=',
     setMainImage: '&onSetMain',
     triggerFavorite: '&onFavorite'
     },
     templateUrl: 'templates/image-list.html',
     link: function(scope, el, attrs, ctrl) {
     scope.setMainImage({ image: scope.images[0] });
     scope.favorite = function(image) {
     if (!image.favorited) {
     image.favorited = true;
     scope.triggerFavorite({ image: image });
     }
     };
     }
     };
     });
     

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148. app.directive('imageList', function() {
     return {
     scope: {
     images: '=',
     setMainImage: '&onSetMain',
     triggerFavorite: '&onFavorite'
     },
     templateUrl: 'templates/image-list.html',
     link: function(scope, el, attrs, ctrl) {
     scope.setMainImage({ image: scope.images[0] });
     scope.favorite = function(image) {
     if (!image.favorited) {
     image.favorited = true;
     scope.triggerFavorite({ image: image });
     }
     };
     }
     };
     });
     

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149. app.directive('imageList', function() {
     return {
     scope: {
     images: '=',
     setMainImage: '&onSetMain',
     triggerFavorite: '&onFavorite'
     },
     templateUrl: 'templates/image-list.html',
     link: function(scope, el, attrs, ctrl) {
     scope.setMainImage({ image: scope.images[0] });
     scope.favorite = function(image) {
     if (!image.favorited) {
     image.favorited = true;
     scope.triggerFavorite({ image: image });
     }
     };
     }
     };
     });
     

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150. app.directive('imageList', function() {
     return {
     scope: {
     images: '=',
     setMainImage: '&onSetMain',
     triggerFavorite: '&onFavorite'
     },
     templateUrl: 'templates/image-list.html',
     link: function(scope, el, attrs, ctrl) {
     scope.setMainImage({ image: scope.images[0] });
     scope.favorite = function(image) {
     if (!image.favorited) {
     image.favorited = true;
     scope.triggerFavorite({ image: image });
     }
     };
     }
     };
     });
     

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151. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><h3>Images</h3><br/><div class="image-info" ng-repeat="image in images"><br/><div ng-click="favorite(image)"><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}"><br/></div><br/><p>{{image.text}}</p><br/><button ng-click="setMainImage({ image: image })"><br/>Set Main Image<br/></button><br/></div><br/>
     

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152. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><h3>Images</h3><br/><div class="image-info" ng-repeat="image in images"><br/><div ng-click="favorite(image)"><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}"><br/></div><br/><p>{{image.text}}</p><br/><button ng-click="setMainImage({ image: image })"><br/>Set Main Image<br/></button><br/></div><br/>
     

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153. Isolate Scopes
     <br/><h3>Images</h3><br/><div class="image-info" ng-repeat="image in images"><br/><div ng-click="favorite(image)"><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}"><br/></div><br/><p>{{image.text}}</p><br/><button ng-click="setMainImage({ image: image })"><br/>Set Main Image<br/></button><br/></div><br/>
     

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154. Isolate Scopes
     Demo
     

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155. Isolate Scopes
     • Black box a directive to be self-contained and reusable
     • Think in terms of small pieces
     • Establish well-defined interface/API through HTML
     attributes
     • Juggle multiple points of state
     • More markup
     

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156. Events
     

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157. Events
     • Built in eventing with $emit, $broadcast, and $on
     methods of $scope.
     • Use events like a message bus to transfer data
     • Events travel vertically through scopes
     – Use parent scope event delegation for sibling directive
     communication
     

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158. Events
     $scope.$emit('select:greeting', 'hello world');
     $scope.$broadcast('add:item', 42);
     // In a child directive
     var items = [];
     $scope.$on('add:item', function(e, n) {
     items.push(n);
     });
     // In a parent directive
     $scope.$on('select:greeting', function(e, greeting) {
     console.log(greeting.toUpperCase());
     });
     

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159. $scope.$emit('select:greeting', 'hello world');
     $scope.$broadcast('add:item', 42);
     // In a child directive
     var items = [];
     $scope.$on('add:item', function(e, n) {
     items.push(n);
     });
     // In a parent directive
     $scope.$on('select:greeting', function(e, greeting) {
     console.log(greeting.toUpperCase());
     });
     Events
     $emit sends events up
     to parent scopes.
     

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160. $scope.$emit('select:greeting', 'hello world');
     $scope.$broadcast('add:item', 42);
     // In a child directive
     var items = [];
     $scope.$on('add:item', function(e, n) {
     items.push(n);
     });
     // In a parent directive
     $scope.$on('select:greeting', function(e, greeting) {
     console.log(greeting.toUpperCase());
     });
     Events
     $broadcast sends events
     down to child scopes.
     

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161. $scope.$emit('select:greeting', 'hello world');
     $scope.$broadcast('add:item', 42);
     // In a child directive
     var items = [];
     $scope.$on('add:item', function(e, n) {
     items.push(n);
     });
     // In a parent directive
     $scope.$on('select:greeting', function(e, greeting) {
     console.log(greeting.toUpperCase());
     });
     Events
     $on listens for $emit
     and $broadcast
     events and triggers the
     provided callbacks.
     

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162. // In a child directive
     var items = [];
     $scope.$on('add:item', function(e, n) {
     items.push(n);
     });
     // In a parent directive
     $scope.$on('select:greeting', function(e, greeting) {
     console.log(greeting.toUpperCase());
     });
     $scope.$emit('select:greeting', 'hello world');
     $scope.$broadcast('add:item', 42);
     Events
     The first parameter is
     an event object like
     DOM events.
     

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163. // In a child directive
     var items = [];
     $scope.$on('add:item', function(e, n) {
     items.push(n);
     });
     // In a parent directive
     $scope.$on('select:greeting', function(e, greeting) {
     console.log(greeting.toUpperCase());
     });
     $scope.$emit('select:greeting', 'hello world');
     $scope.$broadcast('add:item', 42);
     Events
     Remaining
     parameters are the
     remaining arguments
     supplied to $emit
     and $broadcast.
     

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164. $scope.$emit('select:greeting', 'hello world');
     $scope.$broadcast('add:item', 42);
     Events
     // In a child directive
     var items = [];
     $scope.$on('add:item', function(e, n) {
     items.push(n);
     });
     // In a parent directive
     $scope.$on('select:greeting', function(e, greeting) {
     console.log(greeting.toUpperCase());
     });
     Stick to a naming
     convention like
     verb:noun.
     

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165. $scope.$emit('select:greeting', 'hello world');
     $scope.$broadcast('add:item', 42);
     Events
     // In a child directive
     var items = [];
     $scope.$on('add:item', function(e, n) {
     items.push(n);
     });
     // In a parent directive
     $scope.$on('select:greeting', function(e, greeting) {
     console.log(greeting.toUpperCase());
     });
     Verb
     

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166. $scope.$emit('select:greeting', 'hello world');
     $scope.$broadcast('add:item', 42);
     Events
     // In a child directive
     var items = [];
     $scope.$on('add:item', function(e, n) {
     items.push(n);
     });
     // In a parent directive
     $scope.$on('select:greeting', function(e, greeting) {
     console.log(greeting.toUpperCase());
     });
     Noun
     

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167. Events
     Apply to the image gallery now
     

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168. Events
     <br/><main-image></main-image><br/><image-list images="images"></image-list><br/><image-favorites></image-favorites><br/>
     

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169. Events
     <br/><h3>Images</h3><br/><div class="image-info" ng-repeat="image in images"><br/><div ng-click="favorite(image)"><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}"><br/></div><br/><p>{{image.text}}</p><br/><button ng-click="setMainImage(image)"><br/>Set Main Image<br/></button><br/></div><br/>
     

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170. Events
     <br/><h3>Images</h3><br/><div class="image-info" ng-repeat="image in images"><br/><div ng-click="favorite(image)"><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}"><br/></div><br/><p>{{image.text}}</p><br/><button ng-click="setMainImage(image)"><br/>Set Main Image<br/></button><br/></div><br/>
     

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171. app.directive('imageList', function() {
     return {
     scope: { images: '=', },
     templateUrl: 'templates/image-list.html',
     link: function(scope, el, attrs, ctrl) {
     scope.setMainImage = function(image) {
     scope.$emit('delegate:set:mainImage', image);
     };
     scope.favorite = function(image) {
     if (!image.favorited) {
     image.favorited = true;
     scope.$emit('delegate:favorite:image', image);
     }
     };
     scope.setMainImage(scope.images[0]);
     }
     };
     });
     

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172. app.directive('imageList', function() {
     return {
     scope: { images: '=', },
     templateUrl: 'templates/image-list.html',
     link: function(scope, el, attrs, ctrl) {
     scope.setMainImage = function(image) {
     scope.$emit('delegate:set:mainImage', image);
     };
     scope.favorite = function(image) {
     if (!image.favorited) {
     image.favorited = true;
     scope.$emit('delegate:favorite:image', image);
     }
     };
     scope.setMainImage(scope.images[0]);
     }
     };
     });
     

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173. app.directive('imageList', function() {
     return {
     scope: { images: '=', },
     templateUrl: 'templates/image-list.html',
     link: function(scope, el, attrs, ctrl) {
     scope.setMainImage = function(image) {
     scope.$emit('delegate:set:mainImage', image);
     };
     scope.favorite = function(image) {
     if (!image.favorited) {
     image.favorited = true;
     scope.$emit('delegate:favorite:image', image);
     }
     };
     scope.setMainImage(scope.images[0]);
     }
     };
     });
     

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174. app.directive('imageList', function() {
     return {
     scope: { images: '=', },
     templateUrl: 'templates/image-list.html',
     link: function(scope, el, attrs, ctrl) {
     scope.setMainImage = function(image) {
     scope.$emit('delegate:set:mainImage', image);
     };
     scope.favorite = function(image) {
     if (!image.favorited) {
     image.favorited = true;
     scope.$emit('delegate:favorite:image', image);
     }
     };
     scope.setMainImage(scope.images[0]);
     }
     };
     });
     

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175. Events
     app.directive('imageGallery', function() {
     return {
     scope: { images: '=' },
     templateUrl: 'templates/image-gallery.html',
     link: function(scope) {
     scope.$on('delegate:set:mainImage', function(e, image) {
     scope.$broadcast('set:mainImage', image);
     });
     scope.$on('delegate:favorite:image', function(e, image) {
     scope.$broadcast('favorite:image', image);
     });
     }
     };
     });
     

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176. Events
     app.directive('imageGallery', function() {
     return {
     scope: { images: '=' },
     templateUrl: 'templates/image-gallery.html',
     link: function(scope) {
     scope.$on('delegate:set:mainImage', function(e, image) {
     scope.$broadcast('set:mainImage', image);
     });
     scope.$on('delegate:favorite:image', function(e, image) {
     scope.$broadcast('favorite:image', image);
     });
     }
     };
     });
     

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177. Events
     app.directive('mainImage', function() {
     return {
     scope: {},
     templateUrl: 'templates/main-image.html',
     link: function(scope) {
     scope.mainImage = {};
     scope.$on('set:mainImage', function(e, image) {
     scope.mainImage.src = image.src;
     });
     }
     }
     });
     

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178. Events
     app.directive('mainImage', function() {
     return {
     scope: {},
     templateUrl: 'templates/main-image.html',
     link: function(scope) {
     scope.mainImage = {};
     scope.$on('set:mainImage', function(e, image) {
     scope.mainImage.src = image.src;
     });
     }
     }
     });
     

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179. Events
     app.directive('mainImage', function() {
     return {
     scope: {},
     templateUrl: 'templates/main-image.html',
     link: function(scope) {
     scope.mainImage = {};
     scope.$on('set:mainImage', function(e, image) {
     scope.mainImage.src = image.src;
     });
     }
     }
     });
     

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180. Events
     app.directive('mainImage', function() {
     return {
     scope: {},
     templateUrl: 'templates/main-image.html',
     link: function(scope) {
     scope.mainImage = {};
     scope.$on('set:mainImage', function(e, image) {
     scope.mainImage.src = image.src;
     });
     }
     }
     });
     

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181. app.directive('imageFavorites', function() {
     return {
     scope: {},
     templateUrl: 'templates/image-favorites.html',
     link: function(scope) {
     scope.imageFavorites = [];
     scope.$on('favorite:image', function(e, image) {
     scope.imageFavorites.push(image);
     });
     scope.unfavorite = function(image) {
     var i = scope.imageFavorites.indexOf(image);
     if (i > -1) {
     image.favorited = false;
     scope.imageFavorites.splice(i, 1);
     }
     };
     }
     };
     });
     

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182. app.directive('imageFavorites', function() {
     return {
     scope: {},
     templateUrl: 'templates/image-favorites.html',
     link: function(scope) {
     scope.imageFavorites = [];
     scope.$on('favorite:image', function(e, image) {
     scope.imageFavorites.push(image);
     });
     scope.unfavorite = function(image) {
     var i = scope.imageFavorites.indexOf(image);
     if (i > -1) {
     image.favorited = false;
     scope.imageFavorites.splice(i, 1);
     }
     };
     }
     };
     });
     

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183. app.directive('imageFavorites', function() {
     return {
     scope: {},
     templateUrl: 'templates/image-favorites.html',
     link: function(scope) {
     scope.imageFavorites = [];
     scope.$on('favorite:image', function(e, image) {
     scope.imageFavorites.push(image);
     });
     scope.unfavorite = function(image) {
     var i = scope.imageFavorites.indexOf(image);
     if (i > -1) {
     image.favorited = false;
     scope.imageFavorites.splice(i, 1);
     }
     };
     }
     };
     });
     

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184. app.directive('imageFavorites', function() {
     return {
     scope: {},
     templateUrl: 'templates/image-favorites.html',
     link: function(scope) {
     scope.imageFavorites = [];
     scope.$on('favorite:image', function(e, image) {
     scope.imageFavorites.push(image);
     });
     scope.unfavorite = function(image) {
     var i = scope.imageFavorites.indexOf(image);
     if (i > -1) {
     image.favorited = false;
     scope.imageFavorites.splice(i, 1);
     }
     };
     }
     };
     });
     

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185. Demo
     Events
     

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186. Events
     • Decouple directives
     • Isolate state more easily
     • Cleaner markup
     • Indirection of data flow (who responds to an event?)
     • Have to remember and duplicate event names (may hurt
     directive reuse)
     

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187. Upshot
     

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188. Upshot
     Refactoring
     

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189. Refactoring
     • Easier to change or update app
     • Don’t have to touch entire app, just an individual directive
     – Touching multiple pieces may mean better SOC needed
     – SOC is evolutionary for the lifetime of the app
     

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190. • Remove count
     • Remove image text
     • Sort images by text
     Alter image gallery favorites
     Refactoring
     Demo
     

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191. Refactoring
     Alter image gallery favorites
     <br/><h3>Favorites</h3><br/><ul><br/><li ng-repeat="image in imageFavorites | orderBy: 'text'"><br/><p><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}" width="40"><br/></p><br/><button ng-clik="unfavorite(image)"><br/>Unfavorite<br/></button><br/></li><br/></ul><br/>
     

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192. <br/><h3>Favorites</h3><br/><ul><br/><li ng-repeat="image in imageFavorites | orderBy: 'text'"><br/><p><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}" width="40"><br/></p><br/><button ng-clik="unfavorite(image)"><br/>Unfavorite<br/></button><br/></li><br/></ul><br/>
     Refactoring
     Alter image gallery favorites
     Favorites count gone
     

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193. Refactoring
     Alter image gallery favorites
     <br/><h3>Favorites</h3><br/><ul><br/><li ng-repeat="image in imageFavorites | orderBy: 'text'"><br/><p><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}" width="40"><br/></p><br/><button ng-clik="unfavorite(image)"><br/>Unfavorite<br/></button><br/></li><br/></ul><br/>
     Image text gone
     

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194. Refactoring
     Alter image gallery favorites
     <br/><h3>Favorites</h3><br/><ul><br/><li ng-repeat="image in imageFavorites | orderBy: 'text'"><br/><p><br/><img ng-src="{{image.src}}" width="40"><br/></p><br/><button ng-clik="unfavorite(image)"><br/>Unfavorite<br/></button><br/></li><br/></ul><br/>
     

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195. Composition is a critical
     tool in software
     development.
     

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196. Thanks!
     jfairbank
     @elpapapollo
     blog.jeremyfairbank.com
     Demo and code
     github.com/jfairbank/orchestrating-apps-angular
     

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