block that executes simultaneously with the parent message flow. It means that you have some activity in the flow that can be process without stopping the flow. There are some time consuming operation (printing a file or sending SMTP email) which doesn’t have dependency in further flow. In such scenarios you can use Async scope. There are two flows parent and child flow in your mule application. Parent flow is calling the child flow to perform some task but parent flow doesn’t have dependency from result of child flow. In such scenarios if you don’t use the Async scope then parent flow stop its execution till child flow complete it’s execution. In such scenarios, we should use Async scope, so parent and child flow both will execute in the parallel in different threads.