Async PHP with React

Jeremy Mikola
jmikola

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Let’s make a web server

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Node.js
v
a
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t
t
p = r
e
q
u
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e
(
'
h
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)
;
v
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w h
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.
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r
(
)
;
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(
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, r
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) {
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;
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(
'
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n
(
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, '
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)
;

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Python
f
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.
w
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.
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W
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P
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e
(
R
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)
:
i
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(
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, r
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:
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n "
H
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r
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P
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(
)
f
a
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y = S
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(
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)
r
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(
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, f
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)
r
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a
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r
.
r
u
n
(
)

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PHP
$
s
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r = s
t
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a
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_
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(
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p
:
/
/
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7
.
0
.
0
.
1
:
8
0
0
0
'
)
;
w
h
i
l
e (
$
c
o
n
n = s
t
r
e
a
m
_
s
o
c
k
e
t
_
a
c
c
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p
t
(
$
s
e
r
v
e
r
, -
1
)
) {
f
w
r
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t
e
(
$
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, "
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/
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1 2
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K
\
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"
)
;
f
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(
$
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, "
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: 1
1
\
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)
;
f
w
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(
$
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, "
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"
)
;
f
c
l
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s
e
(
$
c
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n
n
)
;
}
What’s the difference?

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Blocking IO
-
1
Why is this a problem?

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Blocking IO
I
O C
P
U I
O C
P
U I
O C
P
U

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Common Latencies
L
1 c
a
c
h
e r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e 0
.
5 n
s
B
r
a
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h m
i
s
p
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e
d
i
c
t 5 n
s
L
2 c
a
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n
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e 7 n
s
M
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x l
o
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k
/
u
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k 2
5 n
s
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a
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n m
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o
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s
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K r
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0
0
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0
0 n
s
https://gist.github.com/jboner/2841832

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Common Latencies
S
e
n
d 1
K b
y
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s o
v
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r 1 G
b
p
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s
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d t
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s
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s
https://gist.github.com/jboner/2841832

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C10k Problem
You can buy a 1000MHz machine with 2
gigabytes of RAM and an 1000Mbit/sec
Ethernet card for $1200 or so. At 20000 clients,
that’s 50KHz, 100Kbytes, and 50Kbits/sec per
client.
It shouldn’t take any more horsepower than that
to take four kilobytes from the disk and send
them to the network once a second for each of
twenty thousand clients.
So hardware is no longer the bottleneck.
“
http://www.kegel.com/c10k.html

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How can we solve this?

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Threading
I
O C
P
U
I
O C
P
U
I
O C
P
U

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Non-blocking IO
I
O C
P
U
I
O C
P
U
I
O C
P
U

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Tools within PHP
p
t
h
r
e
a
d
s
p
o
p
e
n
(
)
p
r
o
c
_
o
p
e
n
(
)
p
c
n
t
l
_
f
o
r
k
(
)
s
o
c
k
e
t
_
s
e
l
e
c
t
(
)
s
t
r
e
a
m
_
s
e
l
e
c
t
(
)
s
t
r
e
a
m
_
s
e
t
_
b
l
o
c
k
i
n
g
(
)
c
u
r
l
_
m
u
l
t
i
_
s
e
l
e
c
t
(
)

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$ man 2 select
S
E
L
E
C
T
(
2
) L
i
n
u
x P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
r
'
s M
a
n
u
a
l
N
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M
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s
e
l
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c
t
, p
s
e
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c
t - s
y
n
c
h
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o
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o
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s I
/
O m
u
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t
i
p
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e
x
i
n
g
S
Y
N
O
P
S
I
S
#
i
n
c
l
u
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e <
s
y
s
/
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e
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t
.
h
>
i
n
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e
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t
(
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t n
f
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)
;
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n
t p
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t
(
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t n
f
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t *
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a
d
f
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, f
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d
s
,
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x
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t
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c
o
n
s
t s
i
g
s
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t
_
t *
s
i
g
m
a
s
k
)
;
D
E
S
C
R
I
P
T
I
O
N
s
e
l
e
c
t
(
) a
n
d p
s
e
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c
t
(
) a
l
l
o
w a p
r
o
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r
a
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t
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u
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t
i
p
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, w
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"
r
e
a
d
y
" f
o
r s
o
m
e c
l
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s
s o
f I
/
O o
p
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r
a
t
i
o
n (
e
.
g
.
, i
n
p
u
t p
o
s
s
i
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)
. A
f
i
l
e d
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
o
r i
s c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d r
e
a
d
y i
f i
t i
s p
o
s
s
i
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o p
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d
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/
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p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n (
e
.
g
.
, r
e
a
d
(
2
)
) w
i
t
h
o
u
t b
l
o
c
k
i
n
g
.

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Polling IO
$
r
e
a
d
a
b
l
e = $
r
e
a
d
S
t
r
e
a
m
s
;
$
w
r
i
t
a
b
l
e = $
w
r
i
t
e
S
t
r
e
a
m
s
;
$
e
x
c
e
p
t = n
u
l
l
;
i
f (
s
t
r
e
a
m
_
s
e
l
e
c
t
(
$
r
e
a
d
a
b
l
e
, $
w
r
i
t
a
b
l
e
, $
e
x
c
e
p
t
, 1
)
) {
f
o
r
e
a
c
h (
$
r
e
a
d
a
b
l
e a
s $
s
t
r
e
a
m
) {
/
/ .
.
.
}
f
o
r
e
a
c
h (
$
w
r
i
t
a
b
l
e a
s $
s
t
r
e
a
m
) {
/
/ .
.
.
}
}

View Slide

Event Loop
Tracks timers and streams
Each loop iteration is a "tick"
Ticks execute timers and poll IO
Polling timeout can be calculated
No timers/streams ends loop

View Slide

Event-driven, non-blocking I/O with PHP.

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Hello World
$
l
o
o
p = R
e
a
c
t
\
E
v
e
n
t
L
o
o
p
\
F
a
c
t
o
r
y
:
:
c
r
e
a
t
e
(
)
;
$
s
o
c
k
e
t = n
e
w R
e
a
c
t
\
S
o
c
k
e
t
\
S
e
r
v
e
r
(
$
l
o
o
p
)
;
$
h
t
t
p = n
e
w R
e
a
c
t
\
H
t
t
p
\
S
e
r
v
e
r
(
$
s
o
c
k
e
t
)
;
$
h
t
t
p
-
>
o
n
(
'
r
e
q
u
e
s
t
'
, f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n (
$
r
e
q
, $
r
e
s
) {
$
r
e
s
-
>
w
r
i
t
e
H
e
a
d
(
2
0
0
, [
'
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
-
T
y
p
e
' =
> '
t
e
x
t
/
p
l
a
i
n
'
]
)
;
$
r
e
s
-
>
e
n
d
(
'
H
e
l
l
o W
o
r
l
d
'
)
;
}
)
;
$
s
o
c
k
e
t
-
>
l
i
s
t
e
n
(
8
0
0
0
)
;
$
l
o
o
p
-
>
r
u
n
(
)
;

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Reactor Pattern
Resources
Demultiplexer
Dispatcher
Request Handlers

View Slide

React’s Stack
D
N
o
d
e A
R
.
D
r
o
n
e W
h
o
i
s S
O
C
K
S
R
e
d
i
s W
e
b
S
o
c
k
e
t
s S
t
o
m
p Ø
M
Q I
R
C
D
N
S H
t
t
p H
t
t
p
C
l
i
e
n
t
S
o
c
k
e
t C
h
i
l
d
P
r
o
c
e
s
s
S
t
r
e
a
m
E
v
e
n
t
L
o
o
p
E
v
e
n
t
E
m
i
t
t
e
r

View Slide

Event Loop
Add/remove readable/writable streams
Schedule run-once or periodic timers
Multiple implementations
StreamSelectLoop uses
LibEventLoop uses extension
LibEvLoop uses extension
stream_select()
libevent
libev

View Slide

Event Loop
$
l
o
o
p = R
e
a
c
t
\
E
v
e
n
t
L
o
o
p
\
F
a
c
t
o
r
y
:
:
c
r
e
a
t
e
(
)
;
$
s
e
r
v
e
r = s
t
r
e
a
m
_
s
o
c
k
e
t
_
s
e
r
v
e
r
(
'
t
c
p
:
/
/
1
2
7
.
0
.
0
.
1
:
8
0
8
0
'
)
;
s
t
r
e
a
m
_
s
e
t
_
b
l
o
c
k
i
n
g
(
$
s
e
r
v
e
r
, 0
)
;
$
l
o
o
p
-
>
a
d
d
R
e
a
d
S
t
r
e
a
m
(
$
s
e
r
v
e
r
, f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n (
$
s
e
r
v
e
r
) u
s
e (
$
l
o
o
p
) {
$
c
o
n
n = s
t
r
e
a
m
_
s
o
c
k
e
t
_
a
c
c
e
p
t
(
$
s
e
r
v
e
r
)
;
$
d
a
t
a = "
H
T
T
P
/
1
.
1 2
0
0 O
K
\
r
\
n
"
;
$
d
a
t
a .
= "
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
-
L
e
n
g
t
h
: 1
1
\
r
\
n
\
r
\
n
"
$
d
a
t
a .
= "
H
e
l
l
o W
o
r
l
d
"
;
$
l
o
o
p
-
>
a
d
d
W
r
i
t
e
S
t
r
e
a
m
(
$
c
o
n
n
, f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n (
$
c
o
n
n
) u
s
e (
&
$
d
a
t
a
, $
l
o
o
p
) {
$
b
y
t
e
s
W
r
i
t
t
e
n = f
w
r
i
t
e
(
$
c
o
n
n
, $
d
a
t
a
)
;
i
f (
$
b
y
t
e
s
W
r
i
t
t
e
n =
=
= s
t
r
l
e
n
(
$
d
a
t
a
)
) {
f
c
l
o
s
e
(
$
c
o
n
n
)
;
$
l
o
o
p
-
>
r
e
m
o
v
e
S
t
r
e
a
m
(
$
c
o
n
n
)
;
} e
l
s
e {
$
d
a
t
a = s
u
b
s
t
r
(
$
d
a
t
a
, 0
, $
b
y
t
e
s
W
r
i
t
t
e
n
)
;
}
}
)
;
}
)
;
$
l
o
o
p
-
>
r
u
n
(
)
;

View Slide

Stream
Wraps a PHP stream resource
Registered with the event loop
Readable and writable
Buffered reads and writes

View Slide

ReadableStream
i
s
R
e
a
d
a
b
l
e
(
)
p
a
u
s
e
(
)
r
e
s
u
m
e
(
)
p
i
p
e
(
W
r
i
t
a
b
l
e
S
t
r
e
a
m $
d
e
s
t
)
c
l
o
s
e
(
)
Events
d
a
t
a
, e
n
d
, e
r
r
o
r
, c
l
o
s
e

View Slide

WritableStream
i
s
W
r
i
t
a
b
l
e
(
)
w
r
i
t
e
(
$
d
a
t
a
)
e
n
d
(
$
d
a
t
a = n
u
l
l
)
c
l
o
s
e
(
)
Events
d
r
a
i
n
, e
r
r
o
r
, c
l
o
s
e
, p
i
p
e

View Slide

Streams
Readable → Writable

View Slide

CompositeStream
Joins writable and readable streams

View Slide

ThroughStream
Allows data to be filtered

View Slide

BufferedSink
Converts writable stream to a promise

View Slide

View Slide

Promises
Wouldn’t it be nice if asynchronous
functions could return immediately?

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Deferred
p
r
o
m
i
s
e
(
)
r
e
s
o
l
v
e
(
$
v
a
l
u
e = n
u
l
l
)
r
e
j
e
c
t
(
$
r
e
a
s
o
n = n
u
l
l
)
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
(
$
u
p
d
a
t
e = n
u
l
l
)
Computation or unit of work that
may not have completed yet

View Slide

Promise
Placeholder for the result of a deferred computation
t
h
e
n
(
$
o
n
F
u
l
f
i
l
l
e
d
, $
o
n
R
e
j
e
c
t
e
d
, $
o
n
P
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
)
t
h
e
n
(
)
returns a new Promise composing the first

View Slide

Promises in Action
$
l
o
o
p = R
e
a
c
t
\
E
v
e
n
t
L
o
o
p
\
F
a
c
t
o
r
y
:
:
c
r
e
a
t
e
(
)
;
$
f
a
c
t
o
r
y = n
e
w R
e
a
c
t
\
D
n
s
\
R
e
s
o
l
v
e
r
\
F
a
c
t
o
r
y
(
)
;
$
d
n
s = $
f
a
c
t
o
r
y
-
>
c
r
e
a
t
e
(
'
8
.
8
.
8
.
8
'
, $
l
o
o
p
)
;
$
d
n
s
-
>
r
e
s
o
l
v
e
(
$
a
r
g
v
[
1
]
)
-
>
t
h
e
n
(
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n (
$
i
p
) { e
c
h
o "
H
o
s
t
: $
i
p
\
n
"
; }
,
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n (
$
e
) { e
c
h
o "
E
r
r
o
r
: {
$
e
-
>
g
e
t
M
e
s
s
a
g
e
(
)
}
\
n
"
; }
)
;
$
l
o
o
p
-
>
r
u
n
(
)
;
$ p
h
p d
n
s
.
p
h
p j
m
i
k
o
l
a
.
n
e
t
H
o
s
t
: 9
7
.
1
0
7
.
1
3
1
.
5
4

View Slide

Suggested Reading
— Domenic Denicola
“You’re missing the point of promises”
Now back to the stack…

View Slide

Socket
Abstracts s
t
r
e
a
m
_
s
o
c
k
e
t
_
s
e
r
v
e
r
(
)
Connections are readable/writable
Server and client contexts
TCP connections

View Slide

Server
l
i
s
t
e
n
(
$
p
o
r
t
, $
h
o
s
t
)
g
e
t
P
o
r
t
(
)
s
h
u
t
d
o
w
n
(
)
Events
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
, e
r
r
o
r

View Slide

Connection
g
e
t
R
e
m
o
t
e
A
d
d
r
e
s
s
(
)
i
s
R
e
a
d
a
b
l
e
(
)
p
a
u
s
e
(
)
r
e
s
u
m
e
(
)
p
i
p
e
(
W
r
i
t
a
b
l
e
S
t
r
e
a
m $
d
e
s
t
)
i
s
W
r
i
t
a
b
l
e
(
)
w
r
i
t
e
(
$
d
a
t
a
)
e
n
d
(
$
d
a
t
a = n
u
l
l
)
c
l
o
s
e
(
)
Events
d
a
t
a
, d
r
a
i
n
, e
n
d
,
e
r
r
o
r
, c
l
o
s
e
, p
i
p
e

View Slide

TCP Chat
$
l
o
o
p = R
e
a
c
t
\
E
v
e
n
t
L
o
o
p
\
F
a
c
t
o
r
y
:
:
c
r
e
a
t
e
(
)
;
$
s
o
c
k
e
t = n
e
w R
e
a
c
t
\
S
o
c
k
e
t
\
S
e
r
v
e
r
(
$
l
o
o
p
)
;
$
c
l
i
e
n
t
s = n
e
w S
p
l
O
b
j
e
c
t
S
t
o
r
a
g
e
(
)
;
$
s
o
c
k
e
t
-
>
o
n
(
'
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
'
, f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n (
$
c
o
n
n
) u
s
e (
$
c
l
i
e
n
t
s
) {
$
c
l
i
e
n
t
s
-
>
a
t
t
a
c
h
(
$
c
o
n
n
)
;
$
c
o
n
n
-
>
o
n
(
'
d
a
t
a
'
, f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n (
$
d
a
t
a
) u
s
e (
$
c
l
i
e
n
t
s
, $
c
o
n
n
) {
f
o
r
e
a
c
h (
$
c
l
i
e
n
t
s a
s $
c
l
i
e
n
t
) {
i
f (
$
c
o
n
n =
=
= $
c
l
i
e
n
t
) {
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
e
;
}
$
c
l
i
e
n
t
-
>
w
r
i
t
e
(
$
c
o
n
n
-
>
g
e
t
R
e
m
o
t
e
A
d
d
r
e
s
s
(
)
.
'
: '
.
$
d
a
t
a
)
;
}
}
)
;
$
c
o
n
n
-
>
o
n
(
'
e
n
d
'
, f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n (
) u
s
e (
$
c
l
i
e
n
t
s
, $
c
o
n
n
) {
$
c
l
i
e
n
t
s
-
>
d
e
t
a
c
h
(
$
c
o
n
n
)
;
}
)
;
}
)
;
$
s
o
c
k
e
t
-
>
l
i
s
t
e
n
(
8
8
8
8
, '
0
.
0
.
0
.
0
'
)
;
$
l
o
o
p
-
>
r
u
n
(
)
;

View Slide

TCP Chat
$ t
e
l
n
e
t j
m
i
k
o
l
a
.
n
e
t 8
8
8
8
T
r
y
i
n
g 9
7
.
1
0
7
.
1
3
1
.
5
4
.
.
.
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d t
o j
m
i
k
o
l
a
.
n
e
t
.
E
s
c
a
p
e c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r i
s '
^
]
'
.
I
s t
h
i
s t
h
i
n
g o
n
?
1
0
.
1
0
.
2
1
7
.
2
0
2
: H
e
l
l
o
!

View Slide

MongoDB Shell
$
l
o
o
p = R
e
a
c
t
\
E
v
e
n
t
L
o
o
p
\
F
a
c
t
o
r
y
:
:
c
r
e
a
t
e
(
)
;
$
p
r
o
c
e
s
s = n
e
w R
e
a
c
t
\
C
h
i
l
d
P
r
o
c
e
s
s
\
P
r
o
c
e
s
s
(
'
m
o
n
g
o
'
)
;
$
s
t
d
o
u
t = n
e
w R
e
a
c
t
\
S
t
r
e
a
m
\
S
t
r
e
a
m
(
f
o
p
e
n
(
'
p
h
p
:
/
/
s
t
d
o
u
t
'
, '
w
'
)
, $
l
o
o
p
)
;
$
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
-
>
o
n
(
'
e
x
i
t
'
, f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
(
$
e
x
i
t
C
o
d
e
, $
t
e
r
m
S
i
g
n
a
l
) u
s
e (
$
s
t
d
o
u
t
) {
$
s
t
d
o
u
t
-
>
c
l
o
s
e
(
)
;
}
)
;
$
l
o
o
p
-
>
a
d
d
T
i
m
e
r
(
0
.
0
0
1
, f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
(
$
t
i
m
e
r
) u
s
e (
$
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
, $
s
t
d
o
u
t
) {
$
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
-
>
s
t
a
r
t
(
$
t
i
m
e
r
-
>
g
e
t
L
o
o
p
(
)
)
;
$
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
-
>
s
t
d
o
u
t
-
>
p
i
p
e
(
$
s
t
d
o
u
t
)
;
}
)
;
$
l
o
o
p
-
>
a
d
d
T
i
m
e
r
(
1
, f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
(
$
t
i
m
e
r
) u
s
e (
$
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
) {
$
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
-
>
s
t
d
i
n
-
>
w
r
i
t
e
(
"
d
b
.
f
o
o
.
d
r
o
p
(
)
;
\
n
"
)
;
$
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
-
>
s
t
d
i
n
-
>
w
r
i
t
e
(
"
d
b
.
f
o
o
.
i
n
s
e
r
t
(
{ x
: 1 }
)
;
\
n
"
)
;
$
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
-
>
s
t
d
i
n
-
>
w
r
i
t
e
(
"
d
b
.
f
o
o
.
i
n
s
e
r
t
(
{ x
: 2 }
)
;
\
n
"
)
;
$
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
-
>
s
t
d
i
n
-
>
w
r
i
t
e
(
"
d
b
.
f
o
o
.
i
n
s
e
r
t
(
{ x
: 3 }
)
;
\
n
"
)
;
$
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
-
>
s
t
d
i
n
-
>
w
r
i
t
e
(
"
d
b
.
f
o
o
.
f
i
n
d
(
)
.
s
o
r
t
(
{ x
: -
1 }
)
;
\
n
"
)
;
$
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
-
>
s
t
d
i
n
-
>
w
r
i
t
e
(
"
e
x
i
t
\
n
"
)
;
}
)
;
$
l
o
o
p
-
>
r
u
n
(
)
;

View Slide

Avoid Blocking
Database queries
Disk and file IO
CPU-intensive tasks

View Slide

Helpful Tools
Inter-process communication
Message queues
Break up computations with
$
l
o
o
p
-
>
n
e
x
t
T
i
c
k
(
c
a
l
l
a
b
l
e
)

View Slide

Async MySQL
m
y
s
q
l
i
_
q
u
e
r
y
(
$
l
i
n
k
, $
q
u
e
r
y
, M
Y
S
Q
L
I
_
A
S
Y
N
C
)
m
y
s
q
l
i
_
p
o
l
l
(
&
$
r
e
a
d
, &
$
e
r
r
o
r
, &
$
r
e
j
e
c
t
,
$
s
e
c
)
m
y
s
q
l
i
_
r
e
a
p
_
a
s
y
n
c
_
q
u
e
r
y
(
$
l
i
n
k
)

View Slide

Async MySQL
m
y
s
q
l
i
_
p
o
l
l
(
&
$
r
e
a
d
, &
$
e
r
r
o
r
, &
$
r
e
j
e
c
t
,
$
s
e
c
)
This looks a lot like s
t
r
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a
m
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e
l
e
c
t
(
)

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$ c
o
m
p
o
s
e
r r
e
q
u
i
r
e "
r
e
a
c
t
/
r
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a
c
t
=
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.
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"

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WebSockets
https://github.com/cboden/Ratchet

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GifSockets
https://github.com/videlalvaro/gifsockets
https://github.com/reactphp/gifsocket

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Thanks!
r
e
a
c
t
p
h
p
.
o
r
g
Questions?

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Image Credits
http://www.mariouniverse.com/sprites/snes/smw
http://larsurus.deviantart.com/art/Lyra-on-Segway-PNG-269707453

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