Catholic Church History: First Thousand Years

A brief summary of Catholic Church history in the first millennia.

Transcript

1. “Make disciples of all nations…teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you…
5. Theosis: The Incarnation
6. The Church Continues His Visible Presence & Work The Great Commission: Christ authorizes the Church to hand on everything he gifted.
7. Missionary Age of the Apostles
8. Apostolic Life: Four Pillars of Christian Assemblies Acts 2:42-47: 1. Teaching of Apostles. CCC # 76 2. Breaking of Bread (daily v. 46). 3. Communal life (koinonia). 4. The Prayers.
9. Acts 4:32: “All the believers were one in heart and mind…” The Church is a family & hospital for sinners though. St. Paul and other leaders often had to give paternal & fraternal correction.
11. Mother Churches 1.  Rome- Final court of appeal 2.  Alexandria 3.  Antioch CCC #1200 -1206
12. Rabbi Gamaliel preaches tolerance: “…you will
13. Council of Jerusalem - 49 A.D.
14. Second Temple of Jerusalem Destroyed by Rome - 70 A.D. + = Sacrifice of the Mass: One act of worship Liturgy of the Word: OT  Sacrificial Judaism ends.  Liturgy of the Eucharist
15. Valerian 257-261 A.D. Nero (Burns Rome) 37-68 A.D. Trajan (Rescript) 98-117 A.D. Diocletian 284-305 A.D. tries to destroy
17. Choices:
18. •  Scripture written in Greek from 50’s-90’s when persecutions & travel begin; shared at Eucharistic liturgy. •  Not everything recorded about Jesus (Jn. 20:30-31; Jn. 21:25). •  Later Tradition names the authors.
19. End of Apostolic Era 95-100 A.D. •  90 - Third pope, Clement I, writes Corinthians a corrective encyclical (letter). •  St. John dies in 95-100? Close of public revelation. CCC # 66-67, 73. • Church stretches from Spain to India.
21. Second Century: Apostolic Fathers Sustain the Faithful
22. Gnostics Spread Dualist View:
23. Third Century: Martyrs & Monks
25. Edict of Milan Legalizes
26. Arian or Catholic Christianity?
28. And of course, it’s several dozen memes now…
29. Council of Nicaea- 325 A.D.
30. Constantine & St. Helena
31. Council of Constantinople- 381 A.D. “With the Father & Son He is adored & glorified…” •  Creed affirms Holy Spirit is God & Christ
32. The Empire is “Baptized” •  381- Emperor Theodosius makes Catholicism the official religion. •  385- St. Ambrose clashes with him: “The Emperor is within the Church, not above it.” •  387- St. Ambrose baptizes St. Augustine. •  407- St. John Chrysostom of Constantinople is exiled by the Empress.
33. Compiling Stage of the Bible’s Table of Contents • 367- 397 - Sts. Athanasius & Augustine, Councils of
34. The Council of Ephesus - 431 A.D.
35. Nestorianism Christ the Divine Person Jesus the Human Vessel Two Persons Two Natures
36. Council of Chalcedon- 451 A.D. •  Eutyches of Alexandria  Jesus’ humanity was absorbed by His divinity (Monophysitism). •  Church: Jesus  one person with two distinct, yet inseparable natures united without confusion. •  Oriental Orthodox schism (Copts, Armenian). •  Church further clarifies Christ’s natures
39. The Church Brings Peace, Justice, & Order
40. # 1. Great Popes Shepherd the Church • 391- 461- St. Leo the Great protects civilians from Huns & Vandals; stands up for dignity & equality of the poor. • 447 – Leo dogmatically approves the use of the Filioque. CCC # 247. • 590- St. Gregory the Great is first monk-Pope whose writings & leadership shape the Middle Ages.
41. # 3. Monks Carry the Light of Christ
42. Missionaries of the West •  432- St. Patrick evangelizes Celts. •  521-597- St. Columban & Irish monks evangelize
43. Missionaries of the East • 301- St. Gregory the Illuminator converts Armenia. • St. Maron, 350-410, leaves Antioch for Lebanon. • 800‘s - Sts. Cyril & Methodius bring
44. Last Councils of the First Millennia • 700’s-900’s- Muslims, Magyars, and Vikings. • Franks lead the Reconquista of Spain against Moors. • 787- Nicea II condemns iconoclasm.
46. New Holy Roman Empire
47. European Feudalism & Chivalry •  Seeds of feudalism and chivalry
48. 850 A.D. - Church & State Clash
49. Age of World Wide Renewal Begins • 910 - Abbey of Cluny begins major reform with St. Odo. St. Dunstan reforms English Church. • Pope St. Leo IX (1049-1054) forms College of Cardinals. • 1073-1085- St. Gregory VII excommunicates Emperor Henry IV of Germany. Henry fake repents at Canossa in 1077 & drives Pope to death in exile at the Castle of Salerno.
50. Also known for defending the
51. West- Roman Catholic East- Byzantine Catholic Unmarried priests (Lateran 1 & II) Married priests Latin Greek/ Slavic Unleavened bread Leavened bread Filioque in Creed:
52. Great Schism of 1054 A.D. – CCC #838