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Motif: Supporting Novice Creativity through Expert Patterns

Joy Kim
April 21, 2015

Motif: Supporting Novice Creativity through Expert Patterns

Creating personal narratives helps people build meaning around their experiences. However, novices lack the knowledge and experience to create stories with strong narrative structure. Current storytelling tools often structure novice work through templates, enforcing a linear creative process that asks novices for materials they may not have. In this paper, we propose scaffolding creative work using storytelling patterns extracted from stories created by experts. Patterns are modular sets of related camera shots that expert videographers commonly use to achieve a specific narrative function. After identifying a set of patterns from high-quality storytelling videos, we created Motif, a mobile video storytelling application that allows users to construct video stories by combining these patterns. By making existing solutions used by experts available to novices, we encourage capturing shots with story structure and narrative goals in mind. In a controlled study where we asked participants to create travel video stories, videos created with patterns conveyed stronger narrative structure and were considered higher quality by expert evaluators than videos created without patterns.

Presented at CHI 2015

Joy Kim

April 21, 2015
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  1. Motif Supporting Novice Creativity through Expert Patterns Joy Kim, Mira

    Dontcheva, Wilmot Li, Michael Bernstein, Daniela Steinsapir {jojo0808, msb}@cs.stanford.edu, {mirad, wilmotli, steinsap}@adobe.com 1
  2. “Sunday at St. Peter’s” by Yourdon / CC BY-NC-SA Digital

    tools have made it easier to document our lives 3
  3. But experts can anticipate what they need to capture… …unlike

    the rest of us “Storyboard exercise” by humanrights / CC BY-NC-ND Photo by Eric Smith / Instagram 4
  4. Activities to occupy people Both private & open seating Within

    earshot of some signal Alexander, C., Ishikawa, S., and Silverstein, M. Pattern languages. Center for Environmental Structure 2 (1977). A PLACE TO WAIT 15
  5. TALK OUTLINE • Extracting storytelling patterns from expert work •

    Supporting the link between story capture and construction through Motif • Looking at whether patterns help novices create better stories 16
  6. GENERATING STORYTELLING PATTERNS Corpus of 17 examples of short and

    long video stories from the NY Times, Rick Steves, and home videos 17
  7. In the Action How to Make How to Make (slideshow)

    Setting Out Set the Location The Next Step The Next Step (narrated) Describe Travel Plans Travel Break The Next Stop: Intro The Next Stop: Describe The Next Stop: Tips The Next Stop: Mini- review Key Moment This is Perfect For Guest/Friends Appearing Guest/Friends Interview Guest/Friends Leaving Time Lapse Reflections Serve Serve (narrated) Group Shot Highlight Reel 20
  8. PATTERNS ACT AS RECIPES Set the Location Record yourself briefly

    describing the place this video is about Give a short outline of the trip to come A short shot showing the first part of the trip A short shot showing the second part of the trip A short shot showing another part of the trip (optional).  Audio only 21
  9. PATTERNS ACT AS RECIPES Record yourself briefly describing the place…

    Give a short outline of the trip to come A short shot showing the first part… A short shot showing the second part… A short shot showing another part… Set the Location 22
  10. setting out A shot of scenery passing by as you

    travel to the event. Narrate: where are you going, and with who? The title of the event. 26
  11. setting out A shot of scenery passing by as you

    travel to the event. Narrate: where are you going, and with who? The title of the event. Set Clip Set from Camera Set from Gallery 27
  12. setting out A shot of scenery passing by as you

    travel to the event. Narrate: whe 28
  13. 30

  14. • 13 participants • Task: create a video about a

    popular tourist spot • Stanford University (Palo Alto), Pike Place Market (Seattle) • Lasted 1.5 hours EVALUATION Story blocks and prompts Motif Control No story blocks and prompts CONDITIONS TASK • Semi-structured interview about their creation process • Videos were rated by two researchers and an external expert according to a rubric • Based on beginner’s guidelines to creating home videos METHOD 32
  15. RESULTS • 7 control videos, 6 Motif videos • Average

    length of video stories was 4.8 minutes (SD = 3.9) • Visited similar locations, but story ideas varied widely • Acted like real tourists 33
  16. Story blocks helped participants use expert examples I definitely recorded

    different things than I normally would have… I liked those, and normally if it were on my own, I would have done just one video [clip] and that would be it. Participant 8, Motif condition   35
  17. Story blocks helped participants use expert examples Maybe I would

    put more historic facts… Or maybe I would start in the center [of the garden] and move out... I didn’t have a plan... Starting was awkward and finishing was awkward. Participant 10, control condition   39
  18. Story blocks reduced cognitive load during capture The suggestions… actually

    helped provide a guide for the goal that I had selected… it was kind of a reminder, like, “What am I supposed to be doing here? Oh, right.” Participant 5, Motif condition   42
  19. Story blocks reduced cognitive load during capture I wanted to

    label stuff so... they’re kind of like tags that help me remember what I took videos of… doing it after the fact takes more time because you have to rewatch the video. Participant 13, control condition   43
  20. Yes! Videos created with patterns received higher rankings from the

    expert evaluator according to a Mann-Whitney U test (U = 38, p< 0.05). 45
  21. 46

  22. Focus not just on quality but on enabling a creative

    process Patterns can help novices understand and use expert examples Access to expert examples extend our power to create and learn    47
  23. Questions? http://motifstory.stanford.edu Joy Kim, Mira Dontcheva, Wilmot Li, Michael S.

    Bernstein, Daniela Steinsapir {jojo0808, msb}@cs.stanford.edu, {mirad, wilmotli, steinsap}@adobe.com 48