Using Digital Badges for Learning Design

This is a presentation that was delivered via WebEx for the Edinburgh Napier MSc in Blended and Online Education course

Transcript

1. Using Digital Badges for Learning Design EDU11114 Emerging Digital Technologies for Blended and Online Education Kevin Wilson 40225997
2. Introduction • Breaking the ice • Redesigning G.I.S.T • Why use LibGuides instead of Moodle? • Why focus on digital badges? • How are other libraries using digital badges? • The rewards debate and how best to implement
3. Breaking the ice praja38 (2016) Breaking ice. Available at: https://flic.kr/p/EW22sF (Accessed: 24 March 2017)
4. Redesigning G.I.S.T • LibGuides integrates with other subject guides • Openly available - prospective students, etc • Integrates with LibWizard for assessment • Easy obtaining of analytics • No direct awarding of badges
5. How other libraries use LibGuides • University of Johannesburg
6. How other libraries use LibGuides • Cleveland State
7. Information Literacy: a non-credentialed skill? • Jisc Digital Literacies
8. Information literacy: a non-credentialed skill? • ANCIL: A New Curriculum for Information Literacy
9. Using digital badges for information literacy • Penn State
10. Using digital badges for information literacy • Penn State
11. Using digital badges for information literacy • University of Central Florida
12. Using digital badges for information literacy • Metaliteracy learning collaborative
13. Badges David Andresen (2011) Badges. Available at: https://flic.kr/p/9KPwxt (Accessed: 24 March 2017)
14. Digital badges: employability Diaz, 2013 Gallup, 2014 Fong et al, 2016
15. Digital badges: motivation • “Adding badges to a system incentivizes increased participation or behaviour” (Ahn, Pellicone and Butler, 2014) • “Badges motivate continued engagement, which increases time on task and supports skill acquisition through performance” (Gibson et al, 2015)
16. Digital badges: motivation • “Digital badge systems designed for education can possibly offer the same motivational effects (as gaming) by providing learners a badge to represent their completed learning objective” (Muilenburg and Berge, 2016) • “Acquiring digital badges motivates some learners to continuously engage with online materials and activities…designed to help them achieve intended intended learning outcomes and can thus drive the acquisition of knowledge and skills” (Spector, 2016)
17. Digital badges: pedagogy • “Badges can also be designed to value specific, positive learning behaviours and serve as a series of guideposts towards understanding…well designed badges can serve as signifiers of what knowledge and skills are valued, guideposts to help learners plan and chart a path, and as status mechanisms in the learning process” (Ahn, Pellicone and Butler, 2014) (on scaffolding) • Digital badges are “documenting the experiential learning occurring outside of the classroom where badges are capturing learning such as fieldwork and internships (Nafukho (eds), (2015) • Badges issued for a “framework based on the following criteria: knowledge building, planning and implementation, reflection on practice, sharing with the community and peer review (Muilenburg and Berge, 2016)
18. The rewards debate • Deci (1991): rewards as external regulation, controlling and undermine intrinsic motivation • Deci (2001): tangible rewards are controlling and decrease intrinsic motivation… tiered levels of control between engagement, participation and performance contingent rewards
19. Implementing rewards • Greater use of praise, rewards (and punitive consequences!) is associated with slightly greater extrinsic and intrinsic motivation…recommend praise and rewards are used wisely and strategically (Bear et al 2017) • Rewards should be certain, prompt and desirable (Willingham, 2008) and should avoid delay (Levitt et al, 2012) • Less reward that predicted can result on depressed activity - make clear badges will not always be given but enough to encourage activity (Schultz, 2016)
20. Jisc open badges toolkit • Who? e.g. earners, issuers, viewers, endorsers • Why? e.g. why would someone want to earn the badge/value it? • What? e.g. skills, attributes, behaviours, criteria, evidence, assessment • Other: systems, resources/sustainability?
21. Selected bibliography • Ahn, J., Pellicone, A. and Butler, B. S. (2014) ‘Open badges for education: what are the implications at the intersection of open systems and badging?’, Research in Learning Technology, 22(0). • Bear, G. G., Slaughter, J. C., Mantz, L. S. and Farley-Ripple, E. (2017) ‘Rewards, praise, and punitive consequences: Relations with intrinsic and extrinsic motivation’, Teaching and Teacher Education, 65, pp. 10–20. • Berge, Z. L. (2016) Digital Badges in Education. Edited by L. Y. Muilenburg. New York: Routledge. • Deci, E. L., Koestner, R. and Ryan, R. M. (2002) ‘Extrinsic Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation in Education: Reconsidered Once Again.’, Review of Educational Research, 71(1), pp. 1–27. • Deci, E. L., Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G. and Ryan, R. M. (1991) ‘Motivation and Education: The Self-Determination Perspective’, Educational Psychologist, 26(3– 4), pp. 325–346. • Gibson, D., Ostashewski, N., Flintoff, K., Grant, S. and Knight, E. (2015) ‘Digital badges in education’, Education and Information Technologies, 20(2), pp. 403–410. • Levitt, S. D., List, J. A., Neckermann, S. and Sadoff, S. (2012) The Behavioralist Goes to School: Leveraging Behavioral Economics to Improve Educational Performance. Working Paper 18165. National Bureau of Economic Research. • Nafukho, F. M. and Irby, B. J. (2015) Handbook of Research on Innovative Technology Integration in Higher Education. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. • Schultz, W. (2016) ‘Dopamine reward prediction error coding’, Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 18(1), pp. 23–32. • Spector, J. M. (ed.) (2015) The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Technology. 1 edition. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, Inc. • Willingham, D. T. (no date) Ask the Cognitive Scientist, American Federation of Teachers. Available at: http://www.aft.org/ae/winter2007-2008/willingham (Accessed: 23 March 2017).