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Introduction to Django v2
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Kien Nguyen
November 20, 2013
Programming
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Introduction to Django v2
Introduction to django and deploy to self-hosted server
Kien Nguyen
November 20, 2013
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Transcript
Introduction to Django Kien Nguyen Trung
Kien Nguyen Trung github.com/kiennt kiennt.com
What is django
Django is high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid development
and clean, pragmatics design.
Philosophy Rapid Development Loosely coupled Reusable Applications Dont Repeat Yourself
(DRY)
Features Object Relational Mapping (ORM) Automatic admin interface Elegent URL
design Template system
Architecture
Model - View - Template Model - what things are
View - how things are processed Template - How things are presented
Models import datetime from django.db import models from django.utils import
timezone class Question(models.Model): question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200) pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published') class Choice(models.Model): question = models.ForeignKey(Question) choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200) votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
Represents the DB objects BEGIN; CREATE TABLE "codecamp_question" ( "id"
integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "question_text" varchar(200) NOT NULL, "pub_date" datetime NOT NULL ) ; CREATE TABLE "codecamp_choice" ( "id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, "question_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "codecamp_question" ("id"), "choice_text" varchar(200) NOT NULL, "votes" integer NOT NULL ) ; COMMIT;
ORM latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5] q = Question.objects.get(pk=question_id) selected_choice = q.choice_set.get(pk=choice_id)
selected_choice.votes += 1 selected_choice.save() Never write SQL - unless you really need
Views Where all magic happens Normally Keep your logic in
the model Process model instances Render HTML
Views def vote(request, question_id): p = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id) try: selected_choice
= p.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice']) except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist): # Redisplay the question voting form. return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', { 'question': p, 'error_message': "You didn't select a choice.", }) else: selected_choice.votes += 1 selected_choice.save() return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('results', args=(p.id,)))
Templates Separate design from code Separate designer from code Separate
design from developers
index.html {% if latest_question_list %} <ul> {% for question in
latest_question_list %} <li> <a href="{% url 'detail' question.id %}"> {{ question.question_text }} </a> </li> {% endfor %} </ul> {% else %} <p>No polls are available.</p> {% endif %}
views.py from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404 from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect,
HttpResponse from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse from codecamp.models import Question def index(request): latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5] context = {'latest_question_list': latest_question_list} return render(request, 'polls/index.html', context)
detail.html <h1>{{ question.question_text }}</h1> {% if error_message %} <p><strong>{{ error_message
}}</strong></p> {% endif %} <form action="{% url 'vote' question.id %}" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} {% for choice in question.choice_set.all %} <input type="radio" name="choice" id="choice{{ forloop.counter }}" value="{{ choice.id }}" /> <label for="choice{{ forloop.counter }}"> {{ choice.choice_text }} </label><br /> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" value="Vote" /> </form>
views.py from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404 from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect,
HttpResponse from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse from codecamp.models import Question def detail(request, question_id): question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id) return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', { 'question': question })
Security advantages No raw SQL from users - we deal
with models and queries Automatic HTML parsing - no XSS attacks CSRF protection - no replay of forms by other code
URLs from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url from codecamp import
views # for admin page from django.contrib import admin admin.autodiscover() urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'), url(r'^polls/(?P<question_id>\d+)/$', views.detail, name='detail'), url(r'^polls/(?P<question_id>\d+)/results/$', views.results, name='results'), url(r'^polls/(?P<question_id>\d+)/vote/$', views.vote, name='vote'), url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), ) URLs map to views (view Regular expressions)
http://example.com/ http://example.com/polls/1 http://example.com/polls/1/result http://example.com/polls/1/vote
Views are python function from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404 from
django.http import HttpResponseRedirect, HttpResponse from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse from codecamp.models import Question def detail(request, question_id): question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id) return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', { 'question': question })
Admin interface class ChoiceInline(admin.StackedInline): model = models.Choice extra = 4
class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): fieldsets = [ (None, {'fields': ['question_text']}), ('Date information', {'fields': ['pub_date']}), ] search_fields = ['question_text'] list_display = ('question_text', 'pub_date', 'was_published_recently') inlines = [ChoiceInline] admin.site.register(models.Question, QuestionAdmin)
Admin interface class MemberAdmin(UserAdmin): list_filter = ('is_admin', ) filter_horizontal =
() fieldsets = ( (None, {'fields': ('username', 'password')}), (_('Personal info'), {'fields': ('email', )}), ) search_fields = ('email', 'username') list_display = ('username', 'email', 'is_admin', 'date_joined') list_per_page = 50 admin.site.register(models.Member, MemberAdmin) admin.site.register(models.Question, QuestionAdmin)
Other features Forms Generic Views User management Advance queries
manage.py shell: start up a python shell with your django
project loaded in test: run you unit test runserver: run built in server for python app syncdb: create SQL for your models
Deploy
requirements zero downtime can rollback to old deployments
tools fabric to distribute code to server uWSGI - similar
gunicorn but write in C, and support a lot of features
nginx uWSGI Django App Django App Django App
folders structure current -> /srv/sample_app/releases/c31245.... /srv/sample_app/ /releases /c31245 /d98818
deployment with rollback each release folder is snapshot of a
git commit each release contain it own virtual environment isolate releases about python package, not system package !?
zero downtime uWSIG support autoload by watching changing of a
file or folder when deploy new release write to new file
def release_commit(commit): code_dir = '/srv/simpleprints/base' new_release_dir = '/srv/simpleprints/releases/%s' % commit
# create new release dir run('rm -rf %s' % new_release_dir) run('mkdir -p %s' % new_release_dir) with cd(code_dir): run('git archive %s | tar -C %s -xf -' % (commit, new_release_dir)) remove_old_release() # create virtualenv with cd(new_release_dir): run('virtualenv venv') # install with virtualenv('%s/venv/' % new_release_dir): run('pip install -r %s/requirements.txt' % new_release_dir) run('chown -R kiennt %s' % new_release_dir) reload_uwsgi_for_commit(commit)
QA