Refactoring Legacy Code with Kotlin and Coroutines

Transcript

1. Refactoring Legacy Code with Kotlin & Coroutines Kotlin Everywhere: Hamburg

   @askashdavies

2. @askashdavies

3. Java @askashdavies

4. { } @askashdavies

5. Streams ↝ @askashdavies

6. @askashdavies

7. Kotlin @askashdavies

8. Null @askashdavies

9. if (foo == null) { bar(); } @askashdavies

10. O"ensive Code < > @askashdavies

11. Urgency @askashdavies

12. Kotlin? @askashdavies

13. Kotlin @askashdavies

14. @askashdavies

15. Google IO 2018 @askashdavies

16. ! " @askashdavies

17. Google IO 2019 @askashdavies

18. Kotlin @askashdavies

19. Libraries @askashdavies

20. @askashdavies

21. @askashdavies

22. @askashdavies

23. @askashdavies

24. @askashdavies

25. @askashdavies

26. Kotlin @askashdavies

27. Idiomacy @askashdavies

28. @askashdavies

29. Idiomatic Code @askashdavies

30. Idiomatic Code • Consistent, easier to read • Less cognitive

    load • Less ambiguity • Function > Style @askashdavies

31. Code Style • kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/coding-conventions.html • android.github.io/kotlin-guides/style.html @askashdavies

32. Refactoring Legacy Code @askashdavies

33. ⌃⌥⇧K @askashdavies

34. @askashdavies

35. @askashdavies

36. public class BadJavaActivity extends Activity { @Inject Dependency dependency; }

    @askashdavies

37. General Assumptions @askashdavies

38. class BadKotlinActivity : Activity() { @Inject var dependency: Dependency? =

    null } @askashdavies

39. class SlightlyLessBadKotlinActivity : Activity() { @Inject internal lateinit var dependency:

    Dependency } @askashdavies

40. UninitializedPrope.yAccessException! @askashdavies

41. lateinit var file: File if (::file.isInitialized) { /* ... */

    } @askashdavies

42. Data Classes @askashdavies

43. public class User { private String firstName; private String lastName;

    public User(String firstName, String lastName) { this.firstName = firstName; this.lastName = lastName; } public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) { return true; } if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) { return false; } User user = (User) o; return Objects.equals(firstName, user.firstName) && Objects.equals(lastName, user.lastName); } @Override public int hashCode() { return Objects.hash(firstName, lastName); } } @askashdavies

44. class User(var firstName: String?, var lastName: String?) { override fun

    equals(o: Any?): Boolean { if (this === o) { return true } if (o == null || javaClass != o.javaClass) { return false } val user = o as User? return firstName == user!!.firstName && lastName == user.lastName } override fun hashCode(): Int { return Objects.hash(firstName, lastName) } } @askashdavies

45. data class User(val firstName: String, val lastName: String) @askashdavies

46. data class User(val firstName: String, val lastName: String? = null)

    @askashdavies

47. @NotNull public final User copy(@Nullable String firstName, @Nullable String lastName)

    { return new User(firstName, lastName); } @askashdavies

48. Kotlin • Singleton objects • String interpolation • Elvis operator

    ! • Destructuring • Extension functions • Scoping functions @askashdavies

49. Maintaining History @askashdavies

50. Maintaining History • Change extension .java -> .kt • First

    commit • Apply Kotlin conversion • Second commit @askashdavies

51. Maintaining History Refactoring @askashdavies

52. Refactoring @askashdavies

53. Refactoring SOLID • Single-responsibility • Open-closed • Liskov substitution •

    Interface segregation • Dependency inversion @askashdavies

54. Refactoring Single Responsibility @askashdavies

55. Perspective @askashdavies

56. Asynchronicity @askashdavies

57. Concurrency is Hard @askashdavies

58. Thread new Thread(() -> { foo(); }).start(); @askashdavies

59. CompletableFuture CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(this::findSomeData) .thenApply(this:: intReturningMethod) .thenAccept(this::notify); @askashdavies

60. RxJava Observable .fromIterable(resourceDraft.getResources()) .flatMap(resourceServiceApiClient::createUploadContainer) .zipWith(Observable.fromIterable(resourceDraft.getResources()), Pair::create) .flatMap(uploadResources()) .toList() .toObservable() .flatMapMaybe(resourceCache.getResourceCachedItem())

    .defaultIfEmpty(Resource.getDefaultItem()) .flatMap(postResource(resourceId, resourceDraft.getText(), currentUser, resourceDraft.getIntent())) .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()) .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()) .subscribe( resource -> repository.setResource(resourceId, resource, provisionalResourceId), resourceUploadError(resourceId, resourceDraft, provisionalResourceId) ); @askashdavies

61. @askashdavies

62. What If? @askashdavies

63. Coroutines @askashdavies

64. fun main() { GlobalScope.launch { delay(1000L) println("World!") } println("Hello,") Thread.sleep(2000L)

    } // Hello, // World! @askashdavies

65. fun main() { GlobalScope.launch { delay(1000L) println("World!") } println("Hello,") Thread.sleep(2000L)

    } // Hello, // World! @askashdavies

66. fun main() { GlobalScope.launch { delay(1000L) println("World!") } println("Hello,") Thread.sleep(2000L)

    } // Hello, // World! @askashdavies

67. ⚖ Stability @askashdavies

68. @askashdavies

69. @Annotations ( ! Here be dragons) @askashdavies

70. Annotations @ExperimentalCoroutinesApi // ⚠ @askashdavies

71. Annotations @ExperimentalCoroutinesApi // ⚠ @FlowPreview // ⚠ @askashdavies

72. Annotations @ExperimentalCoroutinesApi // ⚠ @FlowPreview // ⚠ @ObsoleteCoroutinesApi // ⚠

    @askashdavies

73. Annotations @ExperimentalCoroutinesApi // ⚠ @FlowPreview // ⚠ @ObsoleteCoroutinesApi // ⚠

    @InternalCoroutinesApi // ☠ @askashdavies

74. Annotations @Experimental @askashdavies

75. ! Coroutines @askashdavies

76. ! Native (rst-pa-y library @askashdavies

77. E"cient @askashdavies

78. ! Easy-to-use @askashdavies

79. ! suspend fun @askashdavies

80. ! Suspend fun main() { GlobalScope.launch { delay(1000L) println("World!") }

    println("Hello,") Thread.sleep(2000L) } // Hello, // World! @askashdavies

81. ! Suspend fun main() { GlobalScope.launch { doWorld() println("Hello,") Thread.sleep(2000L)

    } } suspend fun doWorld() { delay(1000L) println("World!") } // Hello, // World! @askashdavies

82. ! Suspend fun main() { GlobalScope.launch { doWorld() println("Hello,") Thread.sleep(2000L)

    } } suspend fun doWorld() { withContext(Dispatchers.IO) { delay(1000L) println("World!") } } // Hello, // World! @askashdavies

83. Dispatchers @askashdavies

84. Dispatchers • Default • IO • Main • Android (Main

    Thread Dispatcher) • JavaFx (Application Thread Dispatcher) • Swing (Event Dispatcher Thread) • Unconfined @askashdavies

85. Testing @Test fun testFoo() = runBlockingTest { val actual =

    foo() // ... } suspend fun foo() { delay(1_000) // ... } @askashdavies

86. Fu#her Reading • Google Codelab: Refactoring to Kotlin https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/java-to-kotlin/ •

    KotlinX Coroutine Test https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlinx.coroutines/tree/master/kotlinx-coroutines-test • Sean McQuillan: Coroutines + Testing = https://www.droidcon.com/media-detail?video=352671106 • Ash Davies: RxJava & Coroutines: A Practical Analysis v3 https://speakerdeck.com/ashdavies/rxjava-and-coroutines-a-practical-analysis- v3 @askashdavies

87. Thanks! @askashdavies