フィンテック 2018夏 第7-8回「分散レッジャーと新たなアプリケーション基盤」 / Distributed Ledgers and New Foundations for Applications

2018年7月2日(月)、早稲田大学 大学院経営管理研究科の授業「フィンテック ─ 金融革新とインターネット」第7-8回で使用したスライドです。

Transcript

1. — 7-8 — 2018 ( ) ks91@sfc.wide.ad.jp — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.1/84
2. ( ) 1 6 11 (1) • 2 6 11 (2) • 3 6 18 (1) • 4 6 18 (2) • 5 6 25 (1) • 6 6 25 (2) • 7 7 2 (1) • 8 7 2 (2) • 9 7 9 (2018 APSIG : Asia Pacific School on Internet Governance) 10 7 9 (2018 APSIG) 11 7 16 (1) 12 7 16 (2) 13 7 23 (1) 14 7 23 (2) 15 7 30 (1) 16 7 30 (2) — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.2/84
3. ( ) ( ) DASF / — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.3/84
4. DASF / 7 19 ( ) https://dasf.global P2P OS (3D ) — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.4/84
5. 2018 SFC ( ) 1 : 8 4 ( )∼8 ( ) [4 5 ] 2 : 8 20 ( )∼24 ( ) [4 5 ] 5,000 ( ) ( ) / / https://academy-camp.org/2018/06/12/acamp2018s-staff-cfp/ — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.5/84
6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. : 7. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.6/84
7. 1. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.7/84
8. 3. 2018 6 30 ( ) 17:59 JST Course N@vi — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.8/84
9. 24 21 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , SF . . . — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.9/84
10. I 1 : 2 : ⇒ . . . — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.10/84
11. K ⇒ . . . — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.11/84
12. Y . . . ⇒ . . . — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.12/84
13. S AI IoT AI IoT AI ( ) ⇒ . . . — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.13/84
14. U 3D 3D VR AI VR VR VR ⇒ SF — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.14/84
15. M 10m ⇒ SF ( ) — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.15/84
16. M 2000 MR 1DK 1 1 ⇒ — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.16/84
17. 2. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.17/84
18. 3 1. ( : UTXO ) ⇒ ( ) 2. ( : ) ⇒ 3. ( : ) TX ⇒ 2 3 — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.18/84
19. Ethereum ( ) ( ) ⇒ (Casper) ( ) ⇒ ZoE (Zcash on Ethereum) ( vs. ) ( ) ⇒ Plasma ( ) ⇒ ( ) (Benevolent Dictator For Life (BDFL)) ( ) ⇒ — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.19/84
20. BBc-1 ( ) ( ) ⇒ ( ) ⇒ ( vs. ) ( ) ⇒ DHT ( ) ⇒ ( ) ( ) ⇒ — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.20/84
21. 3. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.21/84
22. ( ) (by ) (since 1984) ( ) ( ) ( ) . . . ( ) ⇒ . . . — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.22/84
23. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (by ) — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.23/84
24. Q. ( ) ( = / = ) ⇒ — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.24/84
25. ( ) ( ) ( ) — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.25/84
26. ( ) ( ) / / — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.26/84
27. — ( ) 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.27/84
28. ( ) ( ) — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.28/84
29. 4. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.29/84
30. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.30/84
31. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.31/84
32. ↑ . . . — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.32/84
33. vs. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.33/84
34. 1. ⇒ ( ) ⇒ 2. ⇒ ⇒ 3. ⇒ — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.34/84
35. (by ) 1. 2. ( ) ( ) . . . cf. by McLuhan cf. by McLuhan — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.35/84
36. ⇒ : ⇒ — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.36/84
37. ⇒ : ⇒ — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.37/84
38. (Ethereum) ( ) EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.38/84
39. Vitalik Buterin, “Ethereum White Paper: A NEXT GENERATION SMART CONTRACT & DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION PLATFORM” 15 — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.39/84
40. = run — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.40/84
41. Ether Ethereum EOA : Externally-Owned Account Ether EVM EVM — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.41/84
42. EVM : Ethereum Virtual Machine Gas — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.42/84
43. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.43/84
44. EVM : . . . : Solidity — JavaScript LLL — Lisp — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.44/84
45. Solidity ( ) pragma solidity ˆ0.4.8; contract IndivisibleAsset { /* */ string public _name; string public _symbol; uint256 public _quantity; address public _owner; function IndivisibleAsset(string name, string symbol, uint256 quantity) { _name = name; _symbol = symbol; _quantity = quantity; _owner = msg.sender; } function transfer(address to) { if (_owner != msg.sender) { throw; } _owner = to; } } — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.45/84
46. Solidity JavaScript ( , ) (constructor) ( ) ( ) Ether — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.46/84
47. · ex. · ex. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.47/84
48. ADEPT — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.48/84
49. ADEPT ADEPT : IBM IoT → ⇒ — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.49/84
50. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.50/84
51. ⇒ — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.51/84
52. The DAO ( ) The DAO Split ( ) 360 ETH (50∼60 ) (2016/6/17) ( ) ( ; ) (2016/7/20 ) — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.52/84
53. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.53/84
54. ERC20 ERC (Ethereum Request for Comment) 20 https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-20.md contract ERC20 { function totalSupply() constant returns (uint totalSupply); function balanceOf(address _owner) constant returns (uint balance); function transfer(address _to, uint _value) returns (bool success); function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint _value) returns (bool success); function approve(address _spender, uint _value) returns (bool success); function allowance(address _owner, address _spender) constant returns (uint remaining); event Transfer(address indexed _from, address indexed _to, uint _value); event Approval(address indexed _owner, address indexed _spender, uint _value); } name/ , symbol/ , decimals/ approve allowance ERC223 ( ), ERC721 (Non-Fungible) — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.54/84
55. 5. (Fabric, Sawtooth, Iroha) R3 Corda Tangle (IOTA) BBc-1 — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.55/84
56. (Linux Foundation) https://www.hyperledger.org Apache License, Version 2.0 — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.56/84
57. / : Proposal → Incubation → Active → Deprecated → End of Life — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.57/84
58. ( https://www.hyperledger.org/about/members ) — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.58/84
59. Fabric (IBM) IBM Digital Asset Holdings http://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ State : Active — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.59/84
60. ( ) ( ) — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.60/84
61. Fabric – (Docker) (chaincode) PBFT (Practical BFT) ( ) RocksDB CA PKI v1.0 DB CA BFT : Byzantine Fault Tolerance ( ) CA : Certificate Authority ( ) PKI : Public Key Infrastructure ( ) — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.61/84
62. Sawtooth (Intel) https://github.com/hyperledger/sawtooth-core State : Active — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.62/84
63. ( ) (permissioned) (permissionless) Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET) Proof of Work ( ) (Intel ) / Transaction Families — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.63/84
64. Sawtooth – (transaction families) (PoET ) PoET ( ) (transaction families) — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.64/84
65. Iroha ( ) https://github.com/hyperledger/iroha State : Active — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.65/84
66. ( ) DLT : C++ Sumeragi Whitepaper : https://github.com/hyperledger/iroha/blob/master/docs/iroha_whitepaper.md — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.66/84
67. Iroha – JVM (chaincode) Sumeragi (BFT) → YAC? JVM : Java Virtual Machine (Java ) — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.67/84
68. Corda (R3), Tangle (IOTA), BBc-1 ( ) — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.68/84
69. Corda (R3) R3 https://github.com/corda/corda — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.69/84
70. R3 R3CEV 77 (2017 2 ) 3 SBI R3Net( ) Corda — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.70/84
71. Corda Corda : : — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.71/84
72. ( ) + CAP ( DLT ) — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.72/84
73. Corda – JVM ( ) (Uniqueness Services) UTXO X.509 PKI ( ) X.509 : PKI — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.73/84
74. Tangle (IOTA) IoT IOTA https://iota.readme.io — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.74/84
75. IoT TX TX (DAG) ( DAG ) TX Tangle — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.75/84
76. Tangle – IoT (IOTA) DAG ( ) DAG — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.76/84
77. BBc-1 (Beyond Blockchain One) https://github.com/beyond-blockchain https://beyond-blockchain.org — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.77/84
78. Proof of Work Bitcoin ( ) BBc Trust ( ) https://beyond-blockchain.org/public/bbc-trust.pdf ( ) https://beyond-blockchain.org/public/bbc-trust_ja.pdf ( ) Design Paper (white paper) https://beyond-blockchain.org/public/bbc1-design-paper.pdf — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.78/84
79. BBc-1 — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.79/84
80. BBc-1 – ( Python) ( DAG) ( ) UTXO/Relation — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.80/84
81. 6. : ( ) — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.81/84
82. 7. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.82/84
83. 4. 2018 7 14 ( ) 17:59 JST Course N@vi — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.83/84
84. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.84/84