フィンテック 2018夏 第7-8回「分散レッジャーと新たなアプリケーション基盤」 / Distributed Ledgers and New Foundations for Applications

2018年7月2日(月)、早稲田大学 大学院経営管理研究科の授業「フィンテック ─ 金融革新とインターネット」第7-8回で使用したスライドです。

Transcript

1. —
   7-8
   — 2018
   ( )
   ks91@sfc.wide.ad.jp
   — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.1/84
   

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2. ( )
   1 6 11 (1) •
   2 6 11 (2) •
   3 6 18 (1) •
   4 6 18 (2) •
   5 6 25 (1) •
   6 6 25 (2) •
   7 7 2 (1) •
   8 7 2 (2) •
   9 7 9 (2018 APSIG : Asia Pacific School on Internet Governance)
   10 7 9 (2018 APSIG)
   11 7 16 (1)
   12 7 16 (2)
   13 7 23 (1)
   14 7 23 (2)
   15 7 30 (1)
   16 7 30 (2)
   — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.2/84
   

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3. ( ) ( )
   DASF /
   — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.3/84
   

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4. DASF /
   7 19 ( )
   https://dasf.global
   P2P OS
   (3D )
   — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.4/84
   

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5. 2018
   SFC ( )
   1 : 8 4 ( )∼8 ( ) [4 5 ]
   2 : 8 20 ( )∼24 ( ) [4 5 ]
   5,000 ( )
   ( )
   / /
   https://academy-camp.org/2018/06/12/acamp2018s-staff-cfp/
   — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.5/84
   

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6. 1.
   2.
   3.
   4.
   5.
   6. :
   7.
   — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.6/84
   

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7. 1.
   — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.7/84
   

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8. 3.
   2018 6 30 ( ) 17:59 JST
   Course N@vi
   — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.8/84
   

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9. 24 21
   , , , , ,
   , , , , ,
   , , , ,
   SF
   . . .
   — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.9/84
   

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10. I
    1 :
    2 :
    ⇒
    . . .
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.10/84
    

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11. K
    ⇒
    . . .
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.11/84
    

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12. Y
    . . .
    ⇒
    . . .
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.12/84
    

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13. S
    AI IoT
    AI IoT
    AI
    ( )
    ⇒
    . . .
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.13/84
    

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14. U
    3D
    3D
    VR AI
    VR
    VR
    VR
    ⇒ SF
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.14/84
    

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15. M
    10m
    ⇒
    SF ( )
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.15/84
    

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16. M
    2000
    MR
    1DK
    1 1
    ⇒
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.16/84
    

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17. 2.
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.17/84
    

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18. 3
    1. ( : UTXO )
    ⇒ ( )
    2. ( : )
    ⇒
    3. ( : )
    TX ⇒
    2 3
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.18/84
    

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19. Ethereum ( )
    ( )
    ⇒ (Casper)
    ( )
    ⇒ ZoE (Zcash on Ethereum)
    ( vs. )
    ( )
    ⇒ Plasma
    ( )
    ⇒ ( ) (Benevolent Dictator For Life (BDFL))
    ( )
    ⇒
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.19/84
    

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20. BBc-1 ( )
    ( )
    ⇒
    ( )
    ⇒
    ( vs. )
    ( )
    ⇒ DHT
    ( )
    ⇒ ( )
    ( )
    ⇒
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.20/84
    

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21. 3.
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.21/84
    

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22. ( )
    (by ) (since 1984) ( ) ( )
    ( )
    . . .
    ( )
    ⇒ . . .
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.22/84
    

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23. ( )
    ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
    (by )
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.23/84
    

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24. Q. ( )
    ( = / = )
    ⇒
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.24/84
    

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25. ( )
    ( ) ( )
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.25/84
    

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26. ( )
    ( )
    /
    /
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.26/84
    

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27. — ( )
    1. ( )
    2. ( )
    3. ( )
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.27/84
    

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28. ( )
    ( )
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.28/84
    

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29. 4.
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.29/84
    

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30. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.30/84
    

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31. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.31/84
    

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32. ↑
    . . .
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.32/84
    

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33. vs.
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.33/84
    

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34. 1.
    ⇒ ( )
    ⇒
    2.
    ⇒
    ⇒
    3.
    ⇒
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.34/84
    

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35. (by )
    1.
    2.
    ( ) ( )
    . . .
    cf. by McLuhan
    cf. by McLuhan
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.35/84
    

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36. ⇒
    :
    ⇒
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.36/84
    

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37. ⇒
    :
    ⇒
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.37/84
    

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38. (Ethereum) ( )
    EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine)
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.38/84
    

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39. Vitalik Buterin, “Ethereum White Paper: A NEXT GENERATION SMART
    CONTRACT & DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION PLATFORM”
    15
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.39/84
    

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40. = run
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.40/84
    

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41. Ether
    Ethereum
    EOA : Externally-Owned Account
    Ether EVM
    EVM
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.41/84
    

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42. EVM : Ethereum Virtual Machine
    Gas
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.42/84
    

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43. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.43/84
    

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44. EVM
    :
    . . .
    :
    Solidity — JavaScript
    LLL — Lisp
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.44/84
    

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45. Solidity ( )
    pragma solidity ˆ0.4.8;
    contract IndivisibleAsset { /* */
    string public _name;
    string public _symbol;
    uint256 public _quantity;
    address public _owner;
    function IndivisibleAsset(string name, string symbol, uint256 quantity) {
    _name = name;
    _symbol = symbol;
    _quantity = quantity;
    _owner = msg.sender;
    }
    function transfer(address to) {
    if (_owner != msg.sender) {
    throw;
    }
    _owner = to;
    }
    }
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.45/84
    

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46. Solidity
    JavaScript
    ( , )
    (constructor)
    ( )
    ( )
    Ether
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.46/84
    

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47. · ex.
    · ex.
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.47/84
    

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48. ADEPT
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.48/84
    

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49. ADEPT
    ADEPT : IBM IoT
    →
    ⇒
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.49/84
    

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50. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.50/84
    

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51. ⇒
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.51/84
    

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52. The DAO ( )
    The DAO
    Split ( ) 360 ETH (50∼60 ) (2016/6/17)
    ( )
    ( ; )
    (2016/7/20 )
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.52/84
    

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53. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.53/84
    

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54. ERC20
    ERC (Ethereum Request for Comment) 20
    https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-20.md
    contract ERC20 {
    function totalSupply() constant returns (uint totalSupply);
    function balanceOf(address _owner) constant returns (uint balance);
    function transfer(address _to, uint _value) returns (bool success);
    function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint _value) returns (bool success);
    function approve(address _spender, uint _value) returns (bool success);
    function allowance(address _owner, address _spender) constant returns (uint remaining);
    event Transfer(address indexed _from, address indexed _to, uint _value);
    event Approval(address indexed _owner, address indexed _spender, uint _value);
    }
    name/ , symbol/ , decimals/
    approve allowance
    ERC223 ( ), ERC721 (Non-Fungible)
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.54/84
    

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55. 5.
    (Fabric, Sawtooth, Iroha)
    R3 Corda
    Tangle (IOTA)
    BBc-1
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.55/84
    

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56. (Linux Foundation)
    https://www.hyperledger.org
    Apache License, Version 2.0
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.56/84
    

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57. /
    :
    Proposal → Incubation → Active → Deprecated → End of Life
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.57/84
    

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58. ( https://www.hyperledger.org/about/members )
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.58/84
    

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59. Fabric (IBM)
    IBM Digital Asset Holdings
    http://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
    State : Active
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.59/84
    

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60. ( )
    ( )
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.60/84
    

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61. Fabric –
    (Docker) (chaincode)
    PBFT (Practical BFT) ( )
    RocksDB CA PKI
    v1.0 DB CA
    BFT : Byzantine Fault Tolerance ( )
    CA : Certificate Authority ( )
    PKI : Public Key Infrastructure ( )
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.61/84
    

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62. Sawtooth (Intel)
    https://github.com/hyperledger/sawtooth-core
    State : Active
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.62/84
    

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63. ( )
    (permissioned) (permissionless)
    Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET)
    Proof of Work ( )
    (Intel )
    /
    Transaction Families
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.63/84
    

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64. Sawtooth –
    (transaction families)
    (PoET )
    PoET ( )
    (transaction families)
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.64/84
    

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65. Iroha ( )
    https://github.com/hyperledger/iroha
    State : Active
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.65/84
    

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66. ( )
    DLT
    :
    C++
    Sumeragi
    Whitepaper : https://github.com/hyperledger/iroha/blob/master/docs/iroha_whitepaper.md
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.66/84
    

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67. Iroha –
    JVM (chaincode)
    Sumeragi (BFT) → YAC?
    JVM : Java Virtual Machine (Java )
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.67/84
    

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68. Corda (R3), Tangle (IOTA), BBc-1 ( )
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.68/84
    

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69. Corda (R3)
    R3
    https://github.com/corda/corda
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.69/84
    

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70. R3
    R3CEV
    77 (2017 2 )
    3 SBI
    R3Net( )
    Corda
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.70/84
    

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71. Corda
    Corda :
    :
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.71/84
    

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72. ( )
    +
    CAP
    ( DLT )
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.72/84
    

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73. Corda –
    JVM
    ( )
    (Uniqueness Services)
    UTXO X.509 PKI
    ( )
    X.509 : PKI
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.73/84
    

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74. Tangle (IOTA)
    IoT IOTA
    https://iota.readme.io
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.74/84
    

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75. IoT
    TX TX (DAG)
    ( DAG )
    TX
    Tangle
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.75/84
    

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76. Tangle –
    IoT (IOTA)
    DAG ( )
    DAG
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.76/84
    

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77. BBc-1 (Beyond Blockchain One)
    https://github.com/beyond-blockchain
    https://beyond-blockchain.org
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.77/84
    

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78. Proof of Work
    Bitcoin ( )
    BBc Trust ( )
    https://beyond-blockchain.org/public/bbc-trust.pdf ( )
    https://beyond-blockchain.org/public/bbc-trust_ja.pdf ( )
    Design Paper (white paper)
    https://beyond-blockchain.org/public/bbc1-design-paper.pdf
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.78/84
    

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79. BBc-1
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.79/84
    

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80. BBc-1 –
    ( Python)
    ( DAG)
    ( )
    UTXO/Relation
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.80/84
    

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81. 6. :
    ( )
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.81/84
    

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82. 7.
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.82/84
    

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83. 4.
    2018 7 14 ( ) 17:59 JST
    Course N@vi
    — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.83/84
    

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84. — 2018 7-8 — 2018-07-02 – p.84/84
    

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