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イーサリアムの技術 / Ethereum Technology

イーサリアムの技術 / Ethereum Technology

2022年7月20日(水)、ブロックチェーンハブ主催のブロックチェーンアカデミーにて使用したスライドです。

Kenji Saito

July 20, 2022
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  1. ( ) SFC ( ) CSO (Chief Science Officer) 1993

    ( ) 2006 ( ) SFC 21 P2P (Peer-to-Peer) 2011 ( ) 2018 2019 VR 2021.7 VR 2021.8 “ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS” VR 2021.9 & VR 2021.12 VR 2022.3 VR 2022.5 → ( ) — — 2022-07-20 – p.3/29
  2. Ethereum Vitalik Buterin, “Ethereum White Paper: A NEXT GENERATION SMART

    CONTRACT & DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION PLATFORM” (Dec. 2013∼) 15 (= ) = = ( ) CPU ⇒ DApps DApps = / — — 2022-07-20 – p.5/29
  3. Ether Ethereum EOA : Externally-Owned Account ( ) ( )

    Ether ( ) EVM EVM = Ethereum = — — 2022-07-20 – p.7/29
  4. EVM : Ethereum Virtual Machine Gas ( EVM = (

    burn)) → — — 2022-07-20 – p.8/29
  5. Ethereum Frontier (2015) Homestead (2016) Metropolis Byzantium (2017) zk-SNARKs (

    ) → Zcash on Ethereum (ZoE) Constantinople + St.Petersburg (2019) (for 2nd Layer) Proof of Stake Istanbul (2019) Zcash zk-SNARKs/STARKs Serenity(?) Muir Glacier, Staking deposit contract, Beacon Chain genesis (2020) Berlin, London ( burn ), Altair, Arrow Glacier (2021) Gray Glacier (Glacier ) (2022) ← — — 2022-07-20 – p.9/29
  6. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( vs. ) (

    ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ⇒ ( : BBc-1) : : — — 2022-07-20 – p.11/29
  7. Ethereum ( ) ⇒ (Casper; ) ( ) ⇒ ZoE

    (Zcash on Ethereum) ( ) ( vs. ) ( ) ⇒ Plasma ( ) ( ) ⇒ ( ) (Benevolent Dictator For Life (BDFL)) ( ) ( ) ⇒ — — 2022-07-20 – p.12/29
  8. Ethereum Proof of Work + Proof of Stake + Ethereum

    1.0 — — 2022-07-20 – p.13/29
  9. SHA-256 × SHA-256 ( /TX ) SHA-256 × RIPEMD-160 (

    = ) (1 ) . . . scrypt ( ) Ethereum Ethash (Dagger-Hashimoto ) (Proof of Work) DAG : Directed Acyclic Graph ( ) https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pow/mining-algorithms/ethash/ Keccak-256 (≈SHA-3) ( ) (Ethash ) — — 2022-07-20 – p.14/29
  10. GHOST (Greedy Heaviest Observed Subtree) ⇒ GHOST ( ) “uncles”

    proof of work ( ) uncle Ethereum uncles 7 GHOST uncle gender-neutral ommer — — 2022-07-20 – p.15/29
  11. Merkle Bitcoin Digest = SHA-256 × SHA-256 Merkle root TX

    ( ) TX Ethereum TX TX 3 Merkle root TX Gas — — 2022-07-20 – p.16/29
  12. IUUQTFOXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJ3BEJY@USFF key OK PATRICIA (Practical Algorithm To Retrieve Information Coded

    In Alphanumeric) Trie ( ) trie = retrieval ( ) (key, value) RLP (recursive length prefix encoding) Ethereum (key, value) — — 2022-07-20 – p.17/29
  13. Proof of Stake ( ) ( ) ( ) →

    ( ) Ethereum — — 2022-07-20 – p.19/29
  14. Casper : Ethereum ( ) Nothing at Stake (Slasher) stake

    100 ⇒ (( ) ) ( ) → — — 2022-07-20 – p.22/29
  15. Ethereum 2.0 Phase 0 Beacon Chain Beacon Contract 32 ETH

    32 ETH2 1 10% ETH2 ETH2 ETH Beacon Contract — — 2022-07-20 – p.23/29
  16. PoS . . . PoW ( ) ( ) (

    ) — — 2022-07-20 – p.24/29
  17. Ethereum 2.0 ← Staking ( ) Beacon Chain PoS Ethereum

    1.0 Ethereum PoW Ethereum PoS ( ) ( ) (Beacon Chain ) 64 ( ) (EVM → eWASM (Ethereum WebAssembly)) — — 2022-07-20 – p.28/29