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イーサリアムの技術 / Ethereum Technology
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Kenji Saito
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July 20, 2022
Technology
1
200
イーサリアムの技術 / Ethereum Technology
2022年7月20日(水)、ブロックチェーンハブ主催のブロックチェーンアカデミーにて使用したスライドです。
Kenji Saito
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July 20, 2022
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Transcript
Chief Science Officer /
[email protected]
— — 2022-07-20 – p.1/29
https://speakerdeck.com/ks91 — — 2022-07-20 – p.2/29
( ) SFC ( ) CSO (Chief Science Officer) 1993
( ) 2006 ( ) SFC 21 P2P (Peer-to-Peer) 2011 ( ) 2018 2019 VR 2021.7 VR 2021.8 “ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS” VR 2021.9 & VR 2021.12 VR 2022.3 VR 2022.5 → ( ) — — 2022-07-20 – p.3/29
(EVM) — — 2022-07-20 – p.4/29
Ethereum Vitalik Buterin, “Ethereum White Paper: A NEXT GENERATION SMART
CONTRACT & DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION PLATFORM” (Dec. 2013∼) 15 (= ) = = ( ) CPU ⇒ DApps DApps = / — — 2022-07-20 – p.5/29
= ( ) run = → — — 2022-07-20 –
p.6/29
Ether Ethereum EOA : Externally-Owned Account ( ) ( )
Ether ( ) EVM EVM = Ethereum = — — 2022-07-20 – p.7/29
EVM : Ethereum Virtual Machine Gas ( EVM = (
burn)) → — — 2022-07-20 – p.8/29
Ethereum Frontier (2015) Homestead (2016) Metropolis Byzantium (2017) zk-SNARKs (
) → Zcash on Ethereum (ZoE) Constantinople + St.Petersburg (2019) (for 2nd Layer) Proof of Stake Istanbul (2019) Zcash zk-SNARKs/STARKs Serenity(?) Muir Glacier, Staking deposit contract, Beacon Chain genesis (2020) Berlin, London ( burn ), Altair, Arrow Glacier (2021) Gray Glacier (Glacier ) (2022) ← — — 2022-07-20 – p.9/29
Ethereum — — 2022-07-20 – p.10/29
( ) ( ) ( ) ( vs. ) (
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ⇒ ( : BBc-1) : : — — 2022-07-20 – p.11/29
Ethereum ( ) ⇒ (Casper; ) ( ) ⇒ ZoE
(Zcash on Ethereum) ( ) ( vs. ) ( ) ⇒ Plasma ( ) ( ) ⇒ ( ) (Benevolent Dictator For Life (BDFL)) ( ) ( ) ⇒ — — 2022-07-20 – p.12/29
Ethereum Proof of Work + Proof of Stake + Ethereum
1.0 — — 2022-07-20 – p.13/29
SHA-256 × SHA-256 ( /TX ) SHA-256 × RIPEMD-160 (
= ) (1 ) . . . scrypt ( ) Ethereum Ethash (Dagger-Hashimoto ) (Proof of Work) DAG : Directed Acyclic Graph ( ) https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pow/mining-algorithms/ethash/ Keccak-256 (≈SHA-3) ( ) (Ethash ) — — 2022-07-20 – p.14/29
GHOST (Greedy Heaviest Observed Subtree) ⇒ GHOST ( ) “uncles”
proof of work ( ) uncle Ethereum uncles 7 GHOST uncle gender-neutral ommer — — 2022-07-20 – p.15/29
Merkle Bitcoin Digest = SHA-256 × SHA-256 Merkle root TX
( ) TX Ethereum TX TX 3 Merkle root TX Gas — — 2022-07-20 – p.16/29
IUUQTFOXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJ3BEJY@USFF key OK PATRICIA (Practical Algorithm To Retrieve Information Coded
In Alphanumeric) Trie ( ) trie = retrieval ( ) (key, value) RLP (recursive length prefix encoding) Ethereum (key, value) — — 2022-07-20 – p.17/29
Ethereum Proof of Stake Casper — — 2022-07-20 – p.18/29
Proof of Stake ( ) ( ) ( ) →
( ) Ethereum — — 2022-07-20 – p.19/29
Nothing at Stake - = — — 2022-07-20 – p.20/29
Nothing at Stake - 100% Proof of Stake — —
2022-07-20 – p.21/29
Casper : Ethereum ( ) Nothing at Stake (Slasher) stake
100 ⇒ (( ) ) ( ) → — — 2022-07-20 – p.22/29
Ethereum 2.0 Phase 0 Beacon Chain Beacon Contract 32 ETH
32 ETH2 1 10% ETH2 ETH2 ETH Beacon Contract — — 2022-07-20 – p.23/29
PoS . . . PoW ( ) ( ) (
) — — 2022-07-20 – p.24/29
( ) PoS PoW PoS — — 2022-07-20 – p.25/29
(Bitcoin ) A-B — — 2022-07-20 – p.26/29
µRaiden Raiden Network Plasma Rollups — — 2022-07-20 – p.27/29
Ethereum 2.0 ← Staking ( ) Beacon Chain PoS Ethereum
1.0 Ethereum PoW Ethereum PoS ( ) ( ) (Beacon Chain ) 64 ( ) (EVM → eWASM (Ethereum WebAssembly)) — — 2022-07-20 – p.28/29
— — 2022-07-20 – p.29/29