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ブロックチェーン・分散レッジャー総まくり — 2017 年版 — / General Overview of Blockchains and Distributed Ledgers 2017

Kenji Saito
December 18, 2017

ブロックチェーン・分散レッジャー総まくり — 2017 年版 — / General Overview of Blockchains and Distributed Ledgers 2017

2017年12月18日(月)、Beyond Blockchain テクニカルプログラムで話させて頂いた際に使用したスライドです。

Kenji Saito

December 18, 2017
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  1. ( ) SFC ( ) CSO (Chief Science Officer) 1993

    ( ) 2006 ( ) SFC 17 P2P (Peer-to-Peer) 2011 → ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.2/70
  2. ( ) (1) (2) (3) (4) ( ) ⇒ —

    2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.4/70
  3. ( ) (by ) (since 1984) ( ) ( )

    ( ) . . . ( ) ⇒ state machine replication — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.5/70
  4. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

    ( ) (by ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.6/70
  5. 1) 2) 3) ⇒ ( ) { | } ⇒

    / (dependable ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.8/70
  6. /DLT ( ) Bitcoin ( ) Open Assets Protocol (OAP)

    ( ) Ethereum ( ) ( ) Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (↓ ) (DLT) ( ) ( ) Hyperledger (Linux Foundation) Fabric (IBM/DAH), Sawtooth (Intel), Iroha ( ) Corda (R3), Tangle (IOTA), . . . , BBc-1 ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.9/70
  7. ( ) P2P ( ) (double spending) ( ) ⇒

    ( ) → ( ) ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.11/70
  8. / (1) 2,100 cm3 (cc) 1 1cm3 10 12.5cm3 ⇒

    ⇒ ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.12/70
  9. / (2) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

    ( ) ( ) → ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.13/70
  10. ∼ UTXO M A 60BTC ( ) SegWit ( )

    — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.15/70
  11. Block Header Data Structure Field Description Size (bytes) Version 4

    Digest Double SHA-256 value 32 Merkle root Double SHA-256 value 32 Time Seconds (since 1970-01-01T00:00 UTC) 4 Target Compressed format 4 Nonce Appropriate value 4 Merkle root is the digest of all TXs — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.17/70
  12. Merkle Tree (Bitcoin) Digest = double SHA-256 value Existence of

    a TX can be verified if a relevant subtree is provided O(logN) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.18/70
  13. SegWit SegWit ( ) 1. (malleability) 2. 3. 4. 5.

    6. UTXO 7. 8. TX ← 9. https://bitcoincore.org/en/2016/01/26/segwit-benefits/ — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.20/70
  14. CS1 : CS2 : CS3 : CL1 : CL2 :

    : : (e.g. ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.24/70
  15. – postfix / SegWit UTXO / SegWit UTXO : Unspent

    TX (transaction) Output ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.25/70
  16. (Hyperledger ) ( ) ( ) ( ) IoT /

    / ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.27/70
  17. ( = ) ( ) ( ) ↑ — 2017

    — 2017-12-18 – p.28/70
  18. /DLT ( ) ( ) ( ) ( vs. )

    ( ) ( ) ( ) ⇒ ( : BBc-1) DLT : : — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.29/70
  19. Vitalik Buterin, “Ethereum White Paper: A NEXT GENERATION SMART CONTRACT

    & DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION PLATFORM” 15 ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.31/70
  20. Ethereum Frontier Homestead Metropolis Byzantium (2017) ← zkSNARKs ( )

    → Zcash on Ethereum (ZoE) Constantinople (2018) Serenity — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.35/70
  21. / : Proposal → Incubation → Active → Deprecated →

    End of Life — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.39/70
  22. Fabric – (Docker) (chaincode) PBFT (Practical BFT) ( ) RocksDB

    CA PKI v1.0 DB CA BFT : Byzantine Fault Tolerance ( ) CA : Certificate Authority ( ) PKI : Public Key Infrastructure ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.43/70
  23. ( ) (permissioned) (permissionless) Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET) Proof

    of Work ( ) (Intel ) / Transaction Families — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.45/70
  24. Sawtooth – (transaction families) (PoET ) PoET ( ) (transaction

    families) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.46/70
  25. Iroha – JVM (chaincode) Sumeragi (BFT) → YAC? JVM :

    Java Virtual Machine (Java ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.49/70
  26. R3 R3CEV 77 (2017 2 ) 3 SBI R3Net( )

    Corda — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.52/70
  27. ( ) + CAP ( DLT ) — 2017 —

    2017-12-18 – p.54/70
  28. Corda – JVM ( ) (Uniqueness Services) UTXO X.509 PKI

    ( ) X.509 : PKI — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.55/70
  29. IoT TX TX (DAG) ( ) TX Tangle — 2017

    — 2017-12-18 – p.57/70
  30. Tangle – IoT (IOTA) DAG ( ) DAG — 2017

    — 2017-12-18 – p.58/70
  31. vs. : : : : : : : : :

    — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.60/70
  32. Proof of Work Bitcoin ( ) BBc Trust ( )

    https://beyond-blockchain.org/public/bbc-trust.pdf ( ) https://beyond-blockchain.org/public/bbc-trust_ja.pdf ( ) Design Paper (white paper) https://beyond-blockchain.org/public/bbc1-design-paper.pdf — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.61/70
  33. Beyond Blockchain One (BBc-1) #JUDPJO ͦͷଞͷ ύϒϦοΫϨοδϟʔ BBc-1 ΦʔϓϯͰύϒϦοΫͳɹ෼ࢄϨοδϟʔ ෼ࢄετϨʔδ؅ཧ

    αʔόϨε ۃྗϝΠϯςφϯεϑϦʔ ͳ࣮ߦ؀ڥ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ ͦ ͷ ଞ ͞ · ͟ · ͳ Ξ ϓ Ϧ ͷ Մ ೳ ੑ σδλϧ௨՟ 4%, σδλϧΞηοτ "1* ##D ։ൃ߲໨ ҠߦΞγελϯτ ஍ Ҭ ௨ ՟ Ξ ϓ Ϧ ϙ Π ϯ τ Ξ ϓ Ϧ དྷ ྺ ূ ໌ Ξ ϓ Ϧ ʜ ॳظ λʔήοτ ॳظ λʔήοτ ॳظʹ͓͍ͯଘࡏূ໌Λґଘ ݸʑͷετϨʔδαʔϏε Մೳͳλʔήοτ — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.62/70
  34. (2) → DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) ⇒ ( ) —

    2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.65/70
  35. BBc-1 – ( Python) ( DAG) ( ) UTXO v1.0

    (2018 2 ; v0.7) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.67/70
  36. 1 BBc-1 https://github.com/beyond-blockchain/bbc1 v0.7.2 ( v ) ( OK) Xmas

    pull request beyond-blockchain.org technical steering committee — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.69/70