ブロックチェーン・分散レッジャー総まくり — 2017 年版 — / General Overview of Blockchains and Distributed Ledgers 2017

2017年12月18日(月)、Beyond Blockchain テクニカルプログラムで話させて頂いた際に使用したスライドです。

Transcript

1. — 2017 — / SFC ks91@sfc.wide.ad.jp — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.1/70
2. ( ) SFC ( ) CSO (Chief Science Officer) 1993 ( ) 2006 ( ) SFC 17 P2P (Peer-to-Peer) 2011 → ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.2/70
3. — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.3/70
4. ( ) (1) (2) (3) (4) ( ) ⇒ — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.4/70
5. ( ) (by ) (since 1984) ( ) ( ) ( ) . . . ( ) ⇒ state machine replication — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.5/70
6. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (by ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.6/70
7. — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.7/70
8. 1) 2) 3) ⇒ ( ) { | } ⇒ / (dependable ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.8/70
9. /DLT ( ) Bitcoin ( ) Open Assets Protocol (OAP) ( ) Ethereum ( ) ( ) Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (↓ ) (DLT) ( ) ( ) Hyperledger (Linux Foundation) Fabric (IBM/DAH), Sawtooth (Intel), Iroha ( ) Corda (R3), Tangle (IOTA), . . . , BBc-1 ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.9/70
10. (Bitcoin) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.10/70
11. ( ) P2P ( ) (double spending) ( ) ⇒ ( ) → ( ) ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.11/70
12. / (1) 2,100 cm3 (cc) 1 1cm3 10 12.5cm3 ⇒ ⇒ ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.12/70
13. / (2) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) → ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.13/70
14. /DLT End-to-End ( ) ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.14/70
15. ∼ UTXO M A 60BTC ( ) SegWit ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.15/70
16. (Segregated Witness) (witness) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.16/70
17. Block Header Data Structure Field Description Size (bytes) Version 4 Digest Double SHA-256 value 32 Merkle root Double SHA-256 value 32 Time Seconds (since 1970-01-01T00:00 UTC) 4 Target Compressed format 4 Nonce Appropriate value 4 Merkle root is the digest of all TXs — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.17/70
18. Merkle Tree (Bitcoin) Digest = double SHA-256 value Existence of a TX can be verified if a relevant subtree is provided O(logN) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.18/70
19. OP_RETURN PUSH 0xaa21a9ed 4 (witness) SHA-256 32 Merkle — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.19/70
20. SegWit SegWit ( ) 1. (malleability) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. UTXO 7. 8. TX ← 9. https://bitcoincore.org/en/2016/01/26/segwit-benefits/ — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.20/70
21. ∼ ( ) → — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.21/70
22. 1 1 (O(N)) : MH/s 50 — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.22/70
23. ∼ ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.23/70
24. CS1 : CS2 : CS3 : CL1 : CL2 : : : (e.g. ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.24/70
25. – postfix / SegWit UTXO / SegWit UTXO : Unspent TX (transaction) Output ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.25/70
26. — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.26/70
27. (Hyperledger ) ( ) ( ) ( ) IoT / / ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.27/70
28. ( = ) ( ) ( ) ↑ — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.28/70
29. /DLT ( ) ( ) ( ) ( vs. ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ⇒ ( : BBc-1) DLT : : — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.29/70
30. (Ethereum) EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.30/70
31. Vitalik Buterin, “Ethereum White Paper: A NEXT GENERATION SMART CONTRACT & DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION PLATFORM” 15 ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.31/70
32. = run — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.32/70
33. Ether Ethereum EOA : Externally-Owned Account Ether EVM EVM — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.33/70
34. EVM : Ethereum Virtual Machine Gas — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.34/70
35. Ethereum Frontier Homestead Metropolis Byzantium (2017) ← zkSNARKs ( ) → Zcash on Ethereum (ZoE) Constantinople (2018) Serenity — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.35/70
36. — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.36/70
37. – → validators → (PoS) (key, value) PoS — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.37/70
38. (Linux Foundation) https://www.hyperledger.org Apache License, Version 2.0 — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.38/70
39. / : Proposal → Incubation → Active → Deprecated → End of Life — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.39/70
40. ( https://www.hyperledger.org/about/members ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.40/70
41. Fabric (IBM) IBM Digital Asset Holdings http://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ State : Active — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.41/70
42. ( ) ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.42/70
43. Fabric – (Docker) (chaincode) PBFT (Practical BFT) ( ) RocksDB CA PKI v1.0 DB CA BFT : Byzantine Fault Tolerance ( ) CA : Certificate Authority ( ) PKI : Public Key Infrastructure ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.43/70
44. Sawtooth (Intel) https://github.com/hyperledger/sawtooth-core State : Active — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.44/70
45. ( ) (permissioned) (permissionless) Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET) Proof of Work ( ) (Intel ) / Transaction Families — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.45/70
46. Sawtooth – (transaction families) (PoET ) PoET ( ) (transaction families) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.46/70
47. Iroha ( ) https://github.com/hyperledger/iroha State : Active — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.47/70
48. ( ) DLT : C++ Sumeragi Whitepaper : https://github.com/hyperledger/iroha/blob/master/docs/iroha_whitepaper.md — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.48/70
49. Iroha – JVM (chaincode) Sumeragi (BFT) → YAC? JVM : Java Virtual Machine (Java ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.49/70
50. Corda (R3) Tangle (IOTA) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.50/70
51. Corda (R3) R3 https://github.com/corda/corda — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.51/70
52. R3 R3CEV 77 (2017 2 ) 3 SBI R3Net( ) Corda — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.52/70
53. Corda Corda : : — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.53/70
54. ( ) + CAP ( DLT ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.54/70
55. Corda – JVM ( ) (Uniqueness Services) UTXO X.509 PKI ( ) X.509 : PKI — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.55/70
56. Tangle (IOTA) IoT IOTA https://iota.readme.io — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.56/70
57. IoT TX TX (DAG) ( ) TX Tangle — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.57/70
58. Tangle – IoT (IOTA) DAG ( ) DAG — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.58/70
59. BBc-1 (Beyond Blockchain One) https://github.com/beyond-blockchain/bbc1 https://beyond-blockchain.org — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.59/70
60. vs. : : : : : : : : : — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.60/70
61. Proof of Work Bitcoin ( ) BBc Trust ( ) https://beyond-blockchain.org/public/bbc-trust.pdf ( ) https://beyond-blockchain.org/public/bbc-trust_ja.pdf ( ) Design Paper (white paper) https://beyond-blockchain.org/public/bbc1-design-paper.pdf — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.61/70
62. Beyond Blockchain One (BBc-1) #JUDPJO ͦͷଞͷ ύϒϦοΫϨοδϟʔ BBc-1 ΦʔϓϯͰύϒϦοΫͳɹ
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    ෼ࢄϨοδϟʔ ෼ࢄετϨʔδ؅ཧ αʔόϨε
    ۃྗϝΠϯςφϯεϑϦʔ
    ͳ࣮ߦ؀ڥ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ ͦ ͷ ଞ ͞ · ͟ · ͳ Ξ ϓ Ϧ ͷ Մ ೳ ੑ σδλϧ௨՟ 4%, σδλϧΞηοτ "1* ##D ։ൃ߲໨ ҠߦΞγελϯτ ஍ Ҭ ௨ ՟ Ξ ϓ Ϧ ϙ Π ϯ τ Ξ ϓ Ϧ དྷ ྺ ূ ໌ Ξ ϓ Ϧ ʜ ॳظ λʔήοτ ॳظ λʔήοτ ॳظʹ͓͍ͯଘࡏূ໌Λґଘ ݸʑͷετϨʔδαʔϏε Մೳͳλʔήοτ — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.62/70
63. ࣝผࢠ ෼཭ʂ ެ։ݤ ݕূՄೳ υϝΠϯ ه࿥ͷ಺༰͸ υϝΠϯͷ֎ʹग़ͳ͍ ࣙॻ ͜Ε΋ه࿥ UTXO ⇒ — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.63/70
64. (1) ⇒ — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.64/70
65. (2) → DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) ⇒ ( ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.65/70
66. ( → ) ⇒ — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.66/70
67. BBc-1 – ( Python) ( DAG) ( ) UTXO v1.0 (2018 2 ; v0.7) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.67/70
68. BBc-1 — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.68/70
69. 1 BBc-1 https://github.com/beyond-blockchain/bbc1 v0.7.2 ( v ) ( OK) Xmas pull request beyond-blockchain.org technical steering committee — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.69/70
70. , — , R&D (2017-12-25 ) — 2017 — 2017-12-18 – p.70/70