ハイパーレッジャーとその他の分散台帳技術 / Hyperledger and other distributed ledger technologies

2022年8月17日(水)、ブロックチェーンハブ主催のブロックチェーンアカデミーにて使用したスライドです。

Transcript

1. Chief Science Officer /
   ks91@blockchainhub.co.jp
   — — 2022-08-17 – p.1/43
   

   View Slide

2. https://speakerdeck.com/ks91
   — — 2022-08-17 – p.2/43
   

   View Slide

3. ( )
   SFC ( )
   CSO (Chief Science Officer)
   1993 ( )
   2006 ( )
   SFC
   21 P2P (Peer-to-Peer)
   2011 ( )
   2018 2019
   VR 2021.7 VR 2021.8 “ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS”
   VR 2021.9 & VR 2021.12
   VR 2022.3 VR 2022.8
   → ( )
   — — 2022-08-17 – p.3/43
   

   View Slide

4. Linux Foundation
   Hyperledger
   R3 Corda
   Web3 Foundation Polkadot
   ( )
   — — 2022-08-17 – p.4/43
   

   View Slide

5. :
   Kenji Saito, Akimitsu Shiseki, Mitsuyasu Takada, Hiroki Yamamoto, Masaaki
   Saitoh, Hiroaki Ohkawa, Hirofumi Andou, Naotake Miyamoto, Kazuaki
   Yamakawa, Kiyoshi Kurakawa, Tomohiro Yabushita, Yuji Yamada, Go Masuda,
   Kazuyuki Masuda, “Requirement Analyses and Evaluations of Blockchain
   Platforms per Possible Use Cases”
   https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.03209
   ( )
   — — 2022-08-17 – p.5/43
   

   View Slide

6. (Linux Foundation)
   Fabric (IBM), Sawtooth (Intel), Iroha ( ),
   Indy (Sovrin), Besu (ConsenSys)
   Corda (R3)
   Polkadot (Web3)
   BBc-1 ( )
   DLT
   — — 2022-08-17 – p.6/43
   

   View Slide

7. (BP : Blockchain Property )
   BP-1 :
   BP-2 :
   BP-3 : ( )
   ( )
   BP-2 (BP-2 )
   permissionless ( ) permissioned ( )
   BP-2’ :
   — — 2022-08-17 – p.7/43
   

   View Slide

8. ( )
   BP-1 ( ), BP-2 ( )
   BBc-1 f : → BP-3
   ( )
   ( )
   ( ) ← BP-2
   ← BP-3 (?) ( )
   ( ) ← BP-3
   ( BP-3 proof-of-work )
   + ← BP-{1,2}
   — — 2022-08-17 – p.8/43
   

   View Slide

9. [Lamport 1984][Schneider 1990]
   (1)
   (2)
   (3)
   (4) ( )
   ←
   ↑
   permissioned
   — — 2022-08-17 – p.9/43
   

   View Slide

10. (n ≥ 3f + 1 )
    SMRP (State Machine Replication Problem)
    SMRP-1 ( )
    SMRP-2
    :
    =
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.10/43
    

    View Slide

11. /DLT
    ਖ਼౰ੑͷอূ
    ྫ6590ߏ଄ͱσδλϧॺ໊
    ଘࡏੑͷূ໌
    ྫ࡞ۀূ໌෇͖ϋογϡνΣʔϯ
    །Ұੑͷ߹ҙ
    ྫφΧϞτɾίϯηϯαε
    ϧʔϧͷهड़
    ྫ#5$ͷҠస
    ɾ
    τϥϯβΫγϣϯͷ಺༰͕վ͟ΜͰ͖ͣɺ
    ɾ
    ͦͷΞηοτʹؔ͢ΔաڈͷτϥϯβΫγϣϯྻʹরΒͯ͠ໃ६͕ͳ͘ɺ
    ɾ
    ͔ͭɺਖ਼౰ͳϢʔβʹΑΓ౤ೖ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛอূ͢Δ
    ɾաڈʹ͋ͬͨτϥϯβΫγϣϯͷূڌΛຣফͰ͖ͣɺ
    ɾ
    ͔ͭɺաڈʹͳ͔ͬͨτϥϯβΫγϣϯͷূڌΛ፻଄Ͱ͖ͳ͍
    ɾໃ६͢Δ;ͨͭͷτϥϯβΫγϣϯ͕౤ೖ͞Εͨ৔߹ɺ
    ɹ ͍ͣΕ
    ؔ༩͢Δશһ͕ಉ͡ยํΛબΜͰྺ࢙ͷதʹҐஔ͚ͮΔ
    ɾΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϩδοΫ Կ͕ਖ਼͍͠τϥϯβΫγϣϯ͔ΛܾΊΔ
    
    BP-1, BP-3, BP-2 ( )
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.11/43
    

    View Slide

12. (Linux Foundation)
    https://www.hyperledger.org
    Apache License, Version 2.0
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.12/43
    

    View Slide

13. /
    :
    Proposal → Incubation → Active → Deprecated → End of Life
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.13/43
    

    View Slide

14. ( https://www.hyperledger.org/about/members )
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.14/43
    

    View Slide

15. Fabric (IBM)
    IBM Digital Asset Holdings
    http://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
    State : Active
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.15/43
    

    View Slide

16. ( )
    ( )
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.16/43
    

    View Slide

17. Fabric –
    (Docker) (chaincode)
    BFT
    , ,
    RocksDB CA PKI
    v1.0 ( v2.0) DB CA
    BFT : Byzantine Fault Tolerance ( )
    CA : Certificate Authority ( )
    PKI : Public Key Infrastructure ( )
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.17/43
    

    View Slide

18. Sawtooth (Intel)
    https://github.com/hyperledger/sawtooth-core
    State : Active
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.18/43
    

    View Slide

19. ( )
    (permissioned) (permissionless)
    Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET)
    Proof of Work ( )
    (Intel )
    /
    Transaction Families
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.19/43
    

    View Slide

20. Sawtooth –
    (transaction families)
    (PoET ) PBFT (Practical BFT)
    PoET ( )
    (transaction families)
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.20/43
    

    View Slide

21. Iroha ( )
    https://github.com/hyperledger/iroha
    State : Active
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.21/43
    

    View Slide

22. ( )
    DLT
    :
    C++
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.22/43
    

    View Slide

23. Iroha –
    Iroha EVM
    Sumeragi (BFT) → YAC (FT)
    + ,
    EVM : Ethereum Virtual Machine (Ethereum )
    FT : Fault Tolerance ( ) ( )
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.23/43
    

    View Slide

24. Indy (Sovrin)
    https://github.com/hyperledger/indy-node
    State : Active
    ID
    Hyperledger
    ID
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.24/43
    

    View Slide

25. Indy –
    ID
    RBFT (Redundant BFT)
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.25/43
    

    View Slide

26. Besu (ConsenSys)
    https://besu.hyperledger.org/en/stable/
    State : Active
    Ethereum
    Quorum
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.26/43
    

    View Slide

27. Besu –
    EVM
    GHOST → Casper, PoA, etc.
    + PoW → Casper,
    PoA : Proof of Authority
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.27/43
    

    View Slide

28. Corda (R3)
    https://github.com/corda/corda
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.28/43
    

    View Slide

29. R3
    R3CEV
    77 (2017 2 )
    3 SBI
    R3Net( )
    Corda
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.29/43
    

    View Slide

30. Corda
    Corda :
    BP-{1,2,3}
    :
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.30/43
    

    View Slide

31. ( )
    +
    CAP
    ( Polkadot (?) )
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.31/43
    

    View Slide

32. Corda –
    JVM
    ( )
    (Uniqueness Services)
    UTXO X.509 PKI
    ( )
    JVM : Java Virtual Machine (Java )
    X.509 : PKI
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.32/43
    

    View Slide

33. Polkadot (Web3 Foundation)
    https://polkadot.network/PolkaDotPaper.pdf
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.33/43
    

    View Slide

34. Polkadot –
    , Substrate
    BFT
    ( )
    ( )
    Bitcoin, Ethereum
    DOT
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.34/43
    

    View Slide

35. BBc-1 (Beyond Blockchain One)
    https://github.com/beyond-blockchain
    https://beyond-blockchain.org
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.35/43
    

    View Slide

36. Proof of Work
    Bitcoin ( )
    BBc Trust ( )
    https://github.com/beyond-blockchain/bbc1/blob/develop/docs/BBc-trust.pdf ( )
    https://github.com/beyond-blockchain/bbc1/blob/develop/docs/BBc-trust_ja.pdf ( )
    Design Paper (white paper)
    https://github.com/beyond-blockchain/bbc1/blob/develop/docs/BBc-1_design_paper.pdf
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.36/43
    

    View Slide

37. BBc-1
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.37/43
    

    View Slide

38. BBc-1 –
    (Python → bbc1-lib-contracts?)
    PoCX ( ) ( DAG)
    ( )
    UTXO/
    (Proof of Context)
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.38/43
    

    View Slide

39. (D)LT
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.39/43
    

    View Slide

40. ( )
    (1)
    (2)
    (3)
    (4) ( )
    ⇒
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.40/43
    

    View Slide

41. ( )
    (by ) (since 1984) ( ) ( )
    ( )
    . . . ( )
    ⇒ state machine replication
    — — 2022-08-17 – p.41/43
    

    View Slide

42. ( )
    ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
    ( )
    (by )
    ( ) → — — 2022-08-17 – p.42/43
    

    View Slide

43. — — 2022-08-17 – p.43/43
    

    View Slide