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ブロックチェーン概論 / Introduction to Blockchain
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Kenji Saito
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October 05, 2024
Technology
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ブロックチェーン概論 / Introduction to Blockchain
慶應義塾大学大学院メディアデザイン研究科「サービスデザインプロジェクトB」2024秋 第1回にて使用したスライドです。
Kenji Saito
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October 05, 2024
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Transcript
Generated by Stable Diffusion XL v1.0 B 2024 1 (
) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.1/68
https://speakerdeck.com/ks91 ( ) ( ) Discord Discord ( / /
) Zoom URL ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.2/68
( ) ( ) CSO (Chief Science Officer) 1993 (
) 2006 ( ) SFC 24 P2P (Peer-to-Peer) 2011 ( ) 2018 2019 VR 2021.9 & VR 2022.3 2023 AI VR&RPG 2023.5 “Don’t Be So Serious” 2023 2024 AI( ) 2024 “ALOHA FROM HAWAII” 2024 2024 AI( ) → ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.3/68
B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.4/68
2023 2018 SCIgen 2023 AI B 2024 — 1 —
2024-10-07 – p.5/68
SAY NO TO BULLSHIT JOBS David Graeber, Bullshit Jobs: A
Theory, Penguin, 2018. ( , , , — , , 2020) Bullshit Jobs ( ) Shit Jobs ( ) ( ) . . . B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.6/68
Alexa, ত࣌ ੈلޙ ࣾձγεςϜ ࣾձڥ ػց ٕज़ ਓؒ ࣗಈγεςϜ ྩ࣌
ੈلલ ిؾ͚ͭͯ ͍ ͍ ిؾ͚ͭͯ ͜ͷ݅ͷͱ͖ ٕज़Ͱ͋Γࣾձڥˠࣗવڥ ਓ ⇒ ( ) ⇒ ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.7/68
“Digital Transformation for Public Good” ( ) ( ) —
AI ( ) — ( ) ( ) ← “FinTech — Financial Innovation and the Internet” ( ) (2023 2024 ) B (2020 ∼) ( ) → ( ) https://speakerdeck.com/ks91 B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.8/68
NEO — (2009) : SF NEO : New Economic Order
( ) http://grsj.jp/neo.pdf (CC-BY-SA 3.0) science fiction prototyping (1) (2) VR A +VR3D (2021) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.9/68
( ) (2017) : SF + + SF (2048 )
2048 B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.10/68
( ) (1) 2020 9 60 (2020) : ( )
. . . = ( ) ( ) GitHub Copilot (AI ) ChatGPT B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.11/68
( ) (2) (2020) : ( ) ( = ×
) . . . B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.12/68
( ) Python 3 Ethereum B 2024 — 1 —
2024-10-07 – p.13/68
B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.14/68
(1/2) — World Wide Web COVID-19 2020 1990 World Wide
Web (← ) End-to-End ( ) ( ) ( ) End-to-End ( ) 2008 B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.15/68
(2/2) — ( web3 ) B 2024 — 1 —
2024-10-07 – p.16/68
← Python Flask (Python ) Ethereum Brownie (Python Ethereum )
BBc-2 ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.17/68
( 2 ) ( ) Discord miro Discord miro (
) ( : ) . . . : ( ) : DApp ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.18/68
( ) 25% 25% 20% 30% ( ) B 2024
— 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.19/68
( ) 1 10 7 • 2 10 14 3
10 21 1 4 11 28 2 5 11 4 1 6 11 11 2 7 11 18 8 11 25 ( ) Discord B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.20/68
1. 2. Ethereum 3. ↑ B 2024 — 1 —
2024-10-07 – p.21/68
/ STAND ALONE COMPLEX Yes. B 2024 — 1 —
2024-10-07 – p.22/68
( ) ੪౻ 0DVMVT2VFTU खݩͷΩʔϘʔυ ࣮ߦ )%.* #MVFUPPUI #MVFUPPUI खݩͷτϥοΫϘʔϧ
.BD1SP ͷલͷσΟεϓϨΠ എޙͷ..BD#PPL"JS "QQMF 3FNPUF%FTLUPQ 0DVMVT 3FNPUF%FTLUPQ )PSJ[PO8PSLSPPNT VT2VFTU MacBook Air B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.23/68
1. B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.24/68
ެ։ா ެ։Ͱͳ͚ΕͳΒͳ͍ ʜ ຊਓ ɾૹۚه ɾίʔυ ɾσʔλͷมԽ ɾ࣮ߦϩά ݕӾͰ͖Δୈࡾऀ ͜Εɺ
ه͍ͨ͠Μ͚ͩͲ ͋ͳͨ ॻ͍ͨΒμϝ ͜ͷ༰ ॻ͍ͨΒμϝ ॻ͍ͪΌͬͨͷʁ ͜͏ॻ͖͑·͠ΐ͏ ॻ͍ͯͳ͍ͷʁ ͜͏ॻ͔Εͨ͜ͱʹ ͠·͠ΐ͏ ॻ͍ͪΌͬͨͷʁ ফ͠·͠ΐ͏ %P4 ߈ܸͱ͔Ͱ ͯ͠ࢭΊ·͠ΐ͏ B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.25/68
Bitcoin . . . : (i.e. ) ( ) :
: : ⇒ ( ) ← B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.26/68
৽ن ϒϩοΫ ܈ Ճ ίετϨδελʔ͖ ா ਖ਼౷ͳཤྺ ఏҊ͞ΕΔ৽͍͠ཤྺ ίετ େ
͕ ࢀ Ճ ݁Ռ B มߋແ͠ C ه D ॻ͖͑ ɾ৽͍͠ཤྺ͕͜Ε·Ͱͷཤྺʹੵ͞Εͨ ɹίετΛ૿େͤ͞ΔΑ͏ͳͷͰͳ͍ͷ ɹͳΒมߋੜ͡ͳ͍ɻ ɾίετ݁ՌతʹɺωΠςΟϒ҉߸ࢿ࢈ ݐͯͰଌΒΕΔɻ ɾாͷҡ࣋ʹࢀՃ͢Εɺ֬తʹେ͖ͳ ใुΛωΠςΟϒ҉߸ࢿ࢈ͰಘΒΕΔɻ ɾใुΛಘΔͨΊʹίετෛ୲ͰϚδϣϦςΟ ଆʹ͍ͳ͚ΕͳΒͳ͍ɻ B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.27/68
4 ( ) ( ) ( ; ) ( )
B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.28/68
( ) ೖྗ σδλϧͳΒԿͰΑ͍σʔλͷू߹ ແݶ ग़ྗ CJU ͳͲݻఆͷͷू߹ ༗ݶ ग़ྗʮμΠδΣετʯͱݺΕΔ
খ ͞ ͍ ॱ ʹ ฒ Μ Ͱ ͍ Δ ͱ ͠ ͯ খ ͞ ͍ ॱ ʹ ฒ Μ Ͱ ͍ Δ ͱ ͠ ͯ 4)"ͳͲͷؔ 4)"4FDVSF)BTI"MHPSJUIN Ұ༷ʹ ϋογϡؔͷੑ࣭ ภͬͯ Ϛοϐϯάʹ๏ଇੑ͕ແ͍Α͏ʹݟ͑ɺ ˠͷํʹ҆ՁʹܭࢉͰ͖Δ͕ɺ ٯͷํʹܭࢉͰ͖ͳ͍ Ұํੑ ҉߸ֶతϋογϡؔͷੑ࣭ ແݶΛ༗ݶʹϚοϐϯά͢ΔͷͰɺҟͳΔೖྗ͕ ಉ͡ग़ྗ݁ՌʹͳΔ߹͘͝رʹ͋Δ িಥ িಥ ͤ͞Δํ๏ ͕ݟ͔ͭͬͨ҉߸ֶతϋογϡ ؔ҆શͱݟͳ͞Εͳ͍ B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.29/68
( ) ൿີ伴 伴ϖΞ ͋Β͔͡Ί ੜ ൿີʹӅ࣋ͭ͠ ͋Β͔͡Ί͓͍ͯͯ͠Α͍ ॺ໊Λ࡞ͬͨͷެ։伴ʹ ରԠ͢Δൿີ伴Λ͑Δ୭
͔ ͢ͳΘͪॺ໊ऀ ͩ͠ɺ ݩͷσʔλॺ໊ޙCJU มΘͬ ͍ͯͳ͍ ͜ͷΈ͕ਖ਼͘͠ಈ࡞͢ΔͨΊʹɺ ड͚औͬͨެ։伴͕ຊʹॺ໊ऀͷͷ Ͱ͋Δͱ͍͏ԿΒ͔ͷূ໌͕ඞཁ ʲॺ໊ΞϧΰϦζϜʳ ೖྗݩͷσʔλɺ ൿີ伴 ग़ྗॺ໊ ʲॺ໊ݕূΞϧΰϦζϜʳ ೖྗݩͷσʔλɺ ॺ໊ɺ ެ։伴 ग़ྗ0,·ͨ/( ެ։伴 ॺ໊ऀ ॺ໊ ΞϧΰϦζϜ ॺ໊ݕূ ΞϧΰϦζϜ 0, ·ͨ /( Πϯλʔωοτ ݕূऀ ެ ެ։ ։伴 伴 ެ։ ެ։伴 ެ ެ։ ։伴 伴 ݩͷ σʔλ ݩͷ σʔλ ॺ໊ ॺ໊ B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.30/68
ϒϩοΫ O ࣌ؒ ϒϩοΫϔομʔ ͍ΖΜͳใ͕ೖ͍ͬͯΔ ϒϩοΫ O ͷ μΠδΣετ औҾ
σʔλ ެ։伴 ˍॺ໊ औҾ σʔλ ެ։伴 ˍॺ໊ औҾ σʔλ ެ։伴 ˍॺ໊ ʜʜ ϒϩοΫ O ϒϩοΫϔομʔ ͍ΖΜͳใ͕ೖ͍ͬͯΔ ϒϩοΫ O ͷ μΠδΣετ औҾ σʔλ ެ։伴 ˍॺ໊ औҾ σʔλ ެ։伴 ˍॺ໊ औҾ σʔλ ެ։伴 ˍॺ໊ ʜʜ ϒϩοΫͷμΠδΣετ ͦͷϒϩοΫΛҰҙʹࣔ͢ ࣝผࢠͱͯ͠༻͍ΒΕΔ औҾσʔλͷআͰϒϩοΫͷ ༰͕มΘΕɺͦͷμΠδΣετ มΘΔͷͰɺໃ६͕ੜ͡Δ औҾσʔλʹૹ৴ऀͷσδλϧ ॺ໊͕͍͍ͯΔͷͰվ͟Μ ࠔ͕ͩɺऔҾσʔλΛؙ͝ͱ আ͢Δ͜ͱͰ͖Δ ࣍ͷϒϩοΫʹμΠδΣετ͕ ֨ೲ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱͰɺखલͷ ϒϩοΫͷ༰ϩοΫ͞Εͯ ͍Δͱݴ͑Δ͕ʜ ܨ͕͍ͬͯΔϒϩοΫͷϔομʔ ͷதͷμΠδΣετΛ࣍ʑͱॻ͖ ͍͚͑ͯໃ६ͳ͘վ͟ΜͰ͖ ΔͷͰɺϒϩοΫΛ࡞Δ͜ͱࣗମ ʹେ͖ͳίετΛඞཁʹͯ͠कΔ Proof of Work ( ) : ( ) Proof of Stake ( ) : B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.31/68
( : ) ( : ) ← NFT 4 ⇒
B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.32/68
(Confidentiality) 4 ( 4 ) ↑ ( = ) (Integrity)
(Availability) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.33/68
2009 ↑ 15 ( 5 ) B 2024 — 1
— 2024-10-07 – p.34/68
( ) ADR (Active (space) Debris Removal) : https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSS.2018.2890655 (1930
) ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.35/68
( ) ( ) ( ) B 2024 — 1
— 2024-10-07 – p.36/68
( ) ( - ) : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.05.019 B 2024 —
1 — 2024-10-07 – p.37/68
( ) ( ) ( ) B 2024 — 1
— 2024-10-07 – p.38/68
( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.39/68
/ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) B
2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.40/68
( ) ( ) ( ) B 2024 — 1
— 2024-10-07 – p.41/68
( ) : https://www.lij.jp/html/jli/jli_2017/ 2017summer_p018.pdf B 2024 — 1 —
2024-10-07 – p.42/68
( ) ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07
– p.43/68
B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.44/68
with ( ) ( ) : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2021.08.012 ( ) B
2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.45/68
DNS : https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9686409 ( ) IP AS B 2024 —
1 — 2024-10-07 – p.46/68
( ) ( ) : https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9686409 ( ) : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2021.08.012
(web ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.47/68
( ) ( ) ( ) : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2021.08.012 ( )
( ) ( ) : https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9686409 B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.48/68
( ) ( ) : https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9686409 3D ( ) :
HACCP ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.49/68
2. Ethereum macOS (Sonoma 14.7) + Homebrew Linux (Ubuntu 24.04)
(x86/AMD64 and ARM) Windows 11 + Windows Subsystem for Linux (Ubuntu ) Ethereum solidity brownie Lima on macOS B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.50/68
macOS : Homebrew (Apple macOS ) UNIX macOS Lima Homebrew
brew Apple brew ( ) brew Rosetta brew brew https://github.com/homebrew/install Path : https://zenn.dev/tet0h/articles/a92651d52bd82460aefb $ which brew /opt/homebrew/bin/brew B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.51/68
macOS : Rosetta 2 Apple x86/AMD64 ( ) $ softwareupdate
--install-rosetta lima Rosetta 2 lima B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.52/68
macOS : Lima macOS Linux ( ) https://github.com/lima-vm/lima QEMU (
) Rosetta 2 Apple x86/AMD64 brew $ brew install lima Ubuntu 24.04 (x86/AMD64) “kmd.yaml” $ limactl start kmd.yaml B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.53/68
macOS : Lima Linux (Ubuntu) x86_64 $ limactl list Linux
(exit ) $ limactl shell kmd Linux limactl list STATUS Stopped limactl start kmd “.lima” diffdisk 100GB B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.54/68
Solidity Ethereum ( ) http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installing-solidity.html Linux (on Windows) “sudo apt”,
macOS “brew” Linux ARM git clone dependencies solc 0.8.27 (10/5 ) $ solc --version brownie py-solc-x solc (dependencies) ( solc py-solc-x ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.55/68
Ganache Ethereum RPC npm ( ) macOS https://qiita.com/kyosuke5_20/items/c5f68fc9d89b84c0df09 Linux https://qiita.com/seibe/items/36cef7df85fe2cefa3ea
npm Ganache $ sudo npm install -g ganache B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.56/68
Python3 macOS $ brew install python3 Python 3.8 Homebrew $
brew uninstall --ignore-dependencies
[email protected]
$ brew install
[email protected]
/usr/local/opt/
[email protected]
/bin/python3 Linux ( python3.12.3 OK) $ sudo apt update $ sudo apt install python3-dev python3-venv python3-tk 16.10 python3(.8) apt (PPA ) python3 python3-dev python3-venv python3-tk B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.57/68
macOS : . . . macOS wget brew dyld: Library
not loaded: /usr/local/opt/gettext/lib/libintl.8.dylib $ brew uninstall --force gettext $ brew install gettext B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.58/68
Python (venv) macOS (Linux python3 ) OK Python $ python3
-m venv bbc2env $ source bbc2env/bin/activate (bbc2env) $ pip install -U pip bbc2env ( BBc-2 ) ( ) (bbc2env) $ deactivate B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.59/68
Brownie Python Ethereum https://eth-brownie.readthedocs.io Brownie $ pip install eth-brownie version
1.20.6 (10/5 ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.60/68
$ brownie init ( ERC-20 ) $ brownie bake token
$ cd token B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.61/68
contracts (macOS Linux (x86/AMD64) ) $ brownie compile Linux (ARM)
(AMD64 ) $ python # >>> import solcx >>> solcx.compile_solc(’0.6.12’) # >>> quit() /tmp ∼/.solcx/solc-v0.6.12 ( ) $ pytest tests B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.62/68
Brownie $ brownie console Python >>> len(accounts) 10 >>> accounts[0].balance()
100000000000000000000 >>> quit() B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.63/68
3. Ethereum Sepolia B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 –
p.64/68
infura.io Brownie https://infura.io SIGN UP PROJECT ID infura Ethereum API
infura . . . infura.io PROJECT ID WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID PROJECT ID (∼/.bash_profile ) $ export WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID= PROJECT ID B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.65/68
Sepolia ETH brownie console Sepolia >>> network.disconnect() >>> network.connect(’sepolia’) >>>
len(accounts) 0 >>> accounts.add() <LocalAccount object ’ 16 ’> >>> accounts[0].private_key 16 >>> quit() Sepolia Testnet ETH Faucet ETH https://sepoliafaucet.com ( ) ( ) https://metamask.io/ B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.66/68
Sepolia ETH brownie console Sepolia ETH >>> network.disconnect() >>> network.connect(’sepolia’)
>>> len(accounts) 0 >>> accounts.add( 16 ) <LocalAccount object ’ 16 ’> >>> accounts[0].balace() ETH >>> quit() ETH >>> accounts[0].transfer(accounts[1], "0.01 ether") B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.67/68
B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.68/68