Faster Web Development with Yii 2

An introduction to the Yii framework, focusing on the core concepts, how it works, and why you might like it. Given at php[tek] 2014. Uses version 2 of the framework, with explanations of what's new.

Transcript

1. FASTER WEB DEVELOPMENT WITH YII 2 LARRY ULLMAN, @LARRYULLMAN PHP[TEK] 2014 YII.LARRYULLMAN.COM Good morning and welcome to my presentation on the Yii framework. Specifically focusing on version 2 of the framework, currently in beta and due for a proper release this summer. ! In creating this presentation, I asked myself: What is it that I want to say about the Yii framework? ! http://www.yiiframework.com/wiki/490/creating-a-simple-crud-app-with-yii2-revised-12-20-2013/ https://github.com/yiisoft/yii2-mongodb
2. YII IS NOT THE BEST PHP FRAMEWORK. First, I’m not going to tell you, or try to convince you, that Yii is the best PHP framework. The question as to what is the best framework is a rather stupid one. Although if it helps...
3. FAKE BENCHMARKS HTTP://SYSTEMSARCHITECT.NET/PERFORMANCE-BENCHMARK-OF-POPULAR-PHP-FRAMEWORKS/ ...I can show you benchmarks that suggest Yii is pretty fast. ! Not sure if you’ve seen those benchmarks for creating a “Hello, World” site using a framework. Which, of course, is something you’d never use a framework for. Plus, I could, for example, make a Yii site that runs quickly and a Code Igniter site that performs poorly, because I don’t know Code Igniter. ! But, no, I’m not here to show you benchmarks, either.
4. FALSE TRUE ARGUE THAT YII IS THE BEST FRAMEWORK ARGUE THAT YII IS BETTER THAN X FRAMEWORK CONVINCE YOU TO SWITCH FRAMEWORKS TELL YOU WHY YOU MIGHT LIKE YII TELL YOU WHY I LIKE YII GIVE YOU AN OVERVIEW SHOW CODE HIGHLIGHT YII2 $MYGOALSTODAY === So what am I here for? [[GO THROUGH FALSE]] I’m not a framework expert. I haven’t tried them all and I certainly haven’t mastered them all. So what am I doing here? [[GO THROUGH TRUE]] ! I think we all know there’s a huge benefit in knowing more than one framework. Perhaps that second framework should be Yii, if it’s not already. ! For me, for those of you wondering, Yii is my first framework, and maybe Zend is my second maybe. I’ve not tried Laravel, but I’ve heard nothing but good things about it.
5. WHAT YOU MIGHT LIKE
   PURE OOP MODEL-VIEW-CONTROLLER (MVC) ACTIVE RECORD (AR) & PHP DATA OBJECTS (PDO) FLEXIBLE AND EXTENDIBLE GREAT FOR ADVANCED CASES SCALES WELL JQUERY BUILT-IN As for what you might like about Yii, [[WALK THROUGH]] ! Active Record for Object Relational Mapping (ORM) Flexibility: swap ORM, db library, template library (e.g., to Twig), etc. ! component-based architecture scales well thanks to its caching abilities full-stack, ready-to-use ! high performance is always a goal
6. WHAT I LIKE
   PRETTY CURRENT VERSION OF PHP 5 DOES A LOT OF THE WORK FOR YOU ACCESSIBLE, YET POWERFUL VERY CONFIGURABLE WORKS WELL WITH THIRD-PARTY SOFTWARE FEELS RIGHT
 now 5.4 spend 80% of your time working on what makes the site unique great for beginners, but not unlimited for advanced programmers use Zend Framework in parts Reminds me of Ruby on Rails
7. LOOKING AT YII 2 How many people here have used Yii? How many have used Yii 1? Anyone used Yii 2? Today I’m going to focus on Yii 2. It’s currently in a very stable beta, meaning all the features have been locked down. It’s being cleaned up now, the docs are being finalized, and the first production release should be this summer. ! I wouldn’t use Yii 2 in production today, unless I and extra time, but as Yii 2 is the very near future of the framework, there’s no point in giving a presentation on Yii 1.
8. PHP 5.4 NAMESPACES ANONYMOUS FUNCTIONS STANDARD PHP LIBRARY (SPL) DATE AND TIME CLASSES TRAITS INTERNATIONALIZATION SHORT ARRAY SYNTAX & SHORT ECHO TAGS Yii 1 required PHP 5.1; Yii 2 will require PHP 5.4. So the first big difference about Yii 2 is that it takes advantage of more recent features of the language. [[WALK THROUGH]] ! namespaces BIG CHANGE, previously prefixed all classes with C ! The naming of the namespaces follows the directory structure. For example, `yii\web\Request` indicates the corresponding class file is `web/Request.php` under the Yii framework folder. You can use any core class without explicitly including that class file, thanks to the Yii class loader. ! built-in RESTful API support support for NoSQL autoloading, PSR-4, supports third-party autoloaders
9. THE FRAMEWORK COMPLETE REWRITE DIFFERENT STRUCTURE COMPOSER PSR RESTFUL API SUPPORT SUPPORT FOR NOSQL DATABASES TWITTER BOOTSTRAP 3 CONSOLE APPS Version 2.0 is a complete rewrite of Yii, adopting the latest technologies and protocols. more beautiful, current, and efficient code; more efficient code (e.g., breaking CComponent into Object and Component) ! The framework is installed, and applications are created, using Composer. Extensions are installe via Composer, too. ! Support for PSR, which means lovely autoloaders, and easy support for third-party autoloaders. ! built-in RESTful API support ! support for non-sql (including AR) ! Bootstrap 3 support out of the box complex components wrapped in Yii widgets ! improved console applications
10. YII 2 ACTIVERECORD MYSQL POSTGRESQL SQLITE SQL SERVER CUBRID ! ! ORACLE ELASTICSEARCH REDIS MONGODB SPHINX Major improvements for working with databases, including Active Record and query builder an also interact with database directly using a PDO layer or query builder ! Class::findOne(id) Class:findAll() Class::find() ! / to return an active customer whose ID is 1: $customer = Customer::findOne([ 'id' => 1, 'status' => Customer::STATUS_ACTIVE, ]); // to return customers whose ID is 1, 2 or 3: $customers = Customer::findAll([1, 2, 3]);
11. TODAY’S PRESENTATION
    GETTING STARTED CORE COMPONENTS BASIC EDITS AND SCAFFOLDING ADVANCED CONCEPTS Goal is to highlight the framework, and specifically version 2. Going to use a mixture of code and framework overview Will build up part of an app live Won’t be looking at slides for most of the session Could embarrass myself ! Ask questions at any time
12. GETTING STARTED see “startin from basic app” see Yii2 Steps.txt
13. GETTING STARTED
    CREATING A SITE SHELL TESTING THE REQUIREMENTS TESTING WHAT YOU HAVE GETTING FAMILIAR Terminal > Composer Load page in Safari Load requirements page Show features of main page static about page, working contact page, functional login debugging toolbar (will get back to that) The Site’s folders framework goes into vendor/ The Bootstrap File web/ How Yii Handles a Page Request
14. CORE COMPONENTS
15. MVC
    MODEL => DATA & BUSINESS RULES VIEW => PRESENTATION (HTML) CONTROLLER => AGENT Yii generates relations Views can renderPartial
16. THE APPLICATION FLOW
    
17. OBJECT AND COMPONENT CLASSES GETTERS & SETTERS EVENTS BEHAVIORS (MIXINS) Info: Nearly every core class in the Yii framework extends from [[yii\base\Object]] or its child class. This means whenever you see a getter or setter in a core class, you can use it like a property. ! Now broken into yii\base\Object and yii\base\COmponent ! Object defines getters and setters Component extends object and supports events and behaviors ! you can extend Object if you don’t need events and behaviors ! A property defined by a getter without a setter is read only; a property defined by a setter without a getter is write only. ! case-insensitive ! concept-properties.md
18. NAMESPACES ALL NAMESPACED UNDER `YII`, POINTS TO VENDOR/YIISOFT/YII2 `APP` IS AN ALIAS TO THE ROOT DIRECTORY (NOT WEB ROOT)
19. DATABASE INTERACTIONS ACTIVERECORD FIND() FINDBYSQL() FINDONE() FINDALL() QUERYBUILDER DATA ACCESS OBJECT Major improvements for working with databases, including Active Record and query builder an also interact with database directly using a PDO layer or query builder ! Class::findOne(id) Class:findAll() Class::find()
20. SECURITY crypt for password hashing $key = \yii\helpers\Security::generateRandomKey(); ! Also HtmlPurifier, although you may want to use page caching when using HTML Purifier
21. HELPERS ARRAY CONSOLE FILE HTML HTMLPURIFIER ! ! JSON MARKDOWN SECURITY STRING URL see helper overview
22. AUTHENTICATION & AUTHORIZATION BASIC AUTH & AUTH CREATED FOR YOU EASILY EXTENDABLE AUTHORIZATION VIA ACCESS CONTROL FILTER ROLE BASED ACCESS CONTROL (RBAC) somewhat automatic, pretty easy to implement ! extend IdentityInterface, normal as User model ! authKey is for autologin ! accessToken is OAuth ! You can also do auth via OpenID LDAP, Twitter, Facebook ! Access Control Filter or RBAC
23. WIDGETS
    ACTIVEFORM LISTVIEW DETAILVIEW GRIDVIEW For presenting data
24. BOOTSTRAP WIDGETS
    ALERT BUTTON, BUTTONDROPDOWN, BUTTONGROUP CAROUSEL COLLAPSE DROPDOWN MODAL NAV PROGRESS Used to help with HTML generation ! Bootstrap 3 widgets built-in ! all under \yii\bootstrap !
25. BASIC EDITS AND SCAFFOLDING
26. BASIC EDITS AND SCAFFOLDING
    INITIAL CONFIGURATION GENERATING MODELS GENERATING CRUD TESTING WHAT YOU HAVE NOW DEBUGGING TOOLBAR Initial Configuration Connecting to the Database Managing URLs Logging Enabling Gii ! Generating Models Generating CRUD Testing What You Now Have
27. ADVANCED CONCEPTS
28. RESTFUL SERVICE API CRAZY EASY JSON OR XML OUTPUT GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD AUTH & AUTH CACHE-ABLE CAN BE RATE LIMITED see rest-quick-start ! EXAMPLE
29. MODULES
    SELF-CONTAINED MINI-APP NESTABLE MODULEID/CONTROLLERID/ACTIONID Self-contained unit, like a complete Yii application within the application (but cannot be used on its own) Examples: admin, forum, store Gii can get you started New route
30. EXTENSIONS
    APIDOC AUTHCLIENT BOOTSTRAP CODECEPTION DEBUG ELASTICSEARCH GII HTMLPURIFIER JQUERY USER INTERFACE MARKDOWN MONGODB REDIS SMARTY SPHINX SWIFT MAILER TWIG More elaborate ! Often third-party ! http://www.yiiframework.com/extensions/ ! The ones on this list are official Yii extensions. ! About 30 for Yii 2 right now; 1500+ for Yii 1
31. THIRD-PARTY LIBRARIES GREAT SUPPORT FOR THIRD-PARTY LIBRARIES CAN EVEN USE OTHER FRAMEWORKS WITHIN YII VERY EASY WITH COMPOSER AND PSR NOT THAT HARD WITHOUT COMPOSER AND PSR
32. CACHING APC DB (SQLITE3 BY DEFAULT) FILE MEMCACHE REDIS XCACHE ZEND DATA Can store single piece of data, pages or page fragments, or database stuff ! configure and access a cache component ! Yii::$app->cache ! very easy to switch from one to the other as they all extend from the same base set() and get() methods to store and retrieve Yii::$app->cache->set($key, $value); can set expiration time cache dependencies ! use APC for 5.4 or less; Opcache for 5.5 and above -enable the opcache -cache the AR db schema
33. WHAT ELSE? INTERNATIONALIZATION TESTING CONSOLE APPLICATIONS TEMPLATE LIBRARIES DEPENDENCY INJECTION CONTAINER DATABASE MIGRATIONS l18n: message translation, date, time, & number formatting via PHP intl ! testing with codeception ! smarty and twig support built-in ! console applications now automatically generate help output based upon comment blocks! ! Dependency Injection container (http://martinfowler.com/articles/injection.html) ! database migrations
34. FASTER WEB DEVELOPMENT WITH YII 2 LARRY ULLMAN, @LARRYULLMAN PHP[TEK] 2014 YII.LARRYULLMAN.COM