An introduction to the Yii framework, focusing on the core concepts, how it works, and why you might like it. Given at php[tek] 2014. Uses version 2 of the framework, with explanations of what's new.
FASTER WEB DEVELOPMENT WITH YII 2 LARRY ULLMAN, @LARRYULLMAN
PHP[TEK] 2014
YII.LARRYULLMAN.COM Good morning and welcome to my presentation on the Yii framework. Specifically focusing on version 2 of the framework, currently in beta and due for a proper release this summer.
! In creating this presentation, I asked myself: What is it that I want to say about the Yii framework?
! http://www.yiiframework.com/wiki/490/creating-a-simple-crud-app-with-yii2-revised-12-20-2013/
https://github.com/yiisoft/yii2-mongodb
YII IS NOT THE BEST PHP FRAMEWORK. First, I’m not going to tell you, or try to convince you, that Yii is the best PHP framework. The question as to what is the best framework is a rather stupid one. Although if it helps...
FAKE BENCHMARKS HTTP://SYSTEMSARCHITECT.NET/PERFORMANCE-BENCHMARK-OF-POPULAR-PHP-FRAMEWORKS/ ...I can show you benchmarks that suggest Yii is pretty fast.
! Not sure if you’ve seen those benchmarks for creating a “Hello, World” site using a framework. Which, of course, is something you’d never use a framework for. Plus, I could, for example, make a Yii site that runs quickly and a Code Igniter site that performs poorly, because I don’t know Code Igniter.
! But, no, I’m not here to show you benchmarks, either.
CONVINCE YOU TO SWITCH FRAMEWORKS TELL YOU WHY YOU MIGHT LIKE YII
TELL YOU WHY I LIKE YII
GIVE YOU AN OVERVIEW
SHOW CODE
HIGHLIGHT YII2 $MYGOALSTODAY === So what am I here for?
[[GO THROUGH FALSE]]
I’m not a framework expert. I haven’t tried them all and I certainly haven’t mastered them all. So what am I doing here?
[[GO THROUGH TRUE]]
! I think we all know there’s a huge benefit in knowing more than one framework. Perhaps that second framework should be Yii, if it’s not already.
! For me, for those of you wondering, Yii is my first framework, and maybe Zend is my second maybe. I’ve not tried Laravel, but I’ve heard nothing but good things about it.
JQUERY BUILT-IN As for what you might like about Yii, [[WALK THROUGH]]
! Active Record for Object Relational Mapping (ORM)
Flexibility: swap ORM, db library, template library (e.g., to Twig), etc.
! component-based architecture
scales well thanks to its caching abilities
full-stack, ready-to-use
! high performance is always a goal
FEELS RIGHT now 5.4
spend 80% of your time working on what makes the site unique
great for beginners, but not unlimited for advanced programmers
use Zend Framework in parts
Reminds me of Ruby on Rails
LOOKING AT YII 2 How many people here have used Yii? How many have used Yii 1? Anyone used Yii 2?
Today I’m going to focus on Yii 2. It’s currently in a very stable beta, meaning all the features have been locked down. It’s being cleaned up now, the docs are being finalized, and the first production release should be this summer.
! I wouldn’t use Yii 2 in production today, unless I and extra time, but as Yii 2 is the very near future of the framework, there’s no point in giving a presentation on Yii 1.
SHORT ARRAY SYNTAX & SHORT ECHO TAGS Yii 1 required PHP 5.1; Yii 2 will require PHP 5.4. So the first big difference about Yii 2 is that it takes advantage of more recent features of the language. [[WALK THROUGH]]
! namespaces BIG CHANGE, previously prefixed all classes with C
! The naming of the namespaces follows the directory structure. For example, `yii\web\Request`
indicates the corresponding class file is `web/Request.php` under the Yii framework folder.
You can use any core class without explicitly including that class file, thanks to the Yii
class loader.
! built-in RESTful API support
support for NoSQL
autoloading, PSR-4, supports third-party autoloaders
CONSOLE APPS Version 2.0 is a complete rewrite of Yii, adopting the latest technologies and protocols. more beautiful, current, and efficient code; more efficient code (e.g., breaking CComponent into Object and Component)
! The framework is installed, and applications are created, using Composer. Extensions are installe via Composer, too.
! Support for PSR, which means lovely autoloaders, and easy support for third-party autoloaders.
! built-in RESTful API support
! support for non-sql (including AR)
! Bootstrap 3 support out of the box
complex components wrapped in Yii widgets
! improved console applications
SPHINX Major improvements for working with databases, including Active Record and query builder
an also interact with database directly using a PDO layer or query builder
! Class::findOne(id)
Class:findAll()
Class::find()
! / to return an active customer whose ID is 1: $customer = Customer::findOne([ 'id' => 1, 'status' => Customer::STATUS_ACTIVE, ]);
// to return customers whose ID is 1, 2 or 3: $customers = Customer::findAll([1, 2, 3]);
ADVANCED CONCEPTS Goal is to highlight the framework, and specifically version 2.
Going to use a mixture of code and framework overview
Will build up part of an app live
Won’t be looking at slides for most of the session
Could embarrass myself
! Ask questions at any time
GETTING FAMILIAR Terminal > Composer
Load page in Safari
Load requirements page
Show features of main page
static about page, working contact page, functional login
debugging toolbar (will get back to that)
The Site’s folders
framework goes into vendor/
The Bootstrap File
web/
How Yii Handles a Page Request
BEHAVIORS (MIXINS) Info: Nearly every core class in the Yii framework extends from [[yii\base\Object]] or its child class. This means whenever you see a getter or setter in a core class, you can use it like a property.
! Now broken into yii\base\Object and yii\base\COmponent
! Object defines getters and setters
Component extends object and supports events and behaviors
! you can extend Object if you don’t need events and behaviors
! A property defined by a getter without a setter is read only; a property defined by a setter without a getter is write only.
! case-insensitive
! concept-properties.md
DATA ACCESS OBJECT Major improvements for working with databases, including Active Record and query builder
an also interact with database directly using a PDO layer or query builder
! Class::findOne(id)
Class:findAll()
Class::find()
SECURITY crypt for password hashing
$key = \yii\helpers\Security::generateRandomKey();
! Also HtmlPurifier, although you may want to use page caching when using HTML Purifier
AUTHENTICATION & AUTHORIZATION BASIC AUTH & AUTH CREATED FOR YOU
EASILY EXTENDABLE
AUTHORIZATION VIA
ACCESS CONTROL FILTER
ROLE BASED ACCESS CONTROL (RBAC) somewhat automatic, pretty easy to implement
! extend IdentityInterface, normal as User model
! authKey is for autologin
! accessToken is OAuth
! You can also do auth via OpenID LDAP, Twitter, Facebook
! Access Control Filter or RBAC
DEBUGGING TOOLBAR Initial Configuration
Connecting to the Database
Managing URLs
Logging
Enabling Gii
! Generating Models
Generating CRUD
Testing What You Now Have
MODULEID/CONTROLLERID/ACTIONID Self-contained unit, like a complete Yii application within the application (but cannot be used on its own)
Examples: admin, forum, store
Gii can get you started
New route
TWIG More elaborate
! Often third-party
! http://www.yiiframework.com/extensions/
! The ones on this list are official Yii extensions.
! About 30 for Yii 2 right now; 1500+ for Yii 1
ZEND DATA Can store single piece of data, pages or page fragments, or database stuff
! configure and access a cache component
! Yii::$app->cache
! very easy to switch from one to the other as they all extend from the same base
set() and get() methods to store and retrieve
Yii::$app->cache->set($key, $value);
can set expiration time
cache dependencies
! use APC for 5.4 or less; Opcache for 5.5 and above
-enable the opcache
-cache the AR db schema
DATABASE MIGRATIONS l18n: message translation, date, time, & number formatting via PHP intl
! testing with codeception
! smarty and twig support built-in
! console applications now automatically generate help output based upon comment blocks!
! Dependency Injection container (http://martinfowler.com/articles/injection.html)
! database migrations
larryullman
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