R/Medicine 2022

Talk for R/Medicine 2022 https://events.linuxfoundation.org/r-medicine/program/schedule/

Transcript

1. 29 Spatially-resolved Transcriptomics Analysis with R/Bioconductor and Beyond Leonardo Collado-Torres, Ph.D. Lieber Institute for Brain Development R/Medicine August 25, 2022 Keri Martinowich Stephanie C Hicks Lieber Institute Johns Hopkins @lcolladotor #spatialLIBD Kristen R Maynard Lieber Institute https://speakerdeck.com/ lcolladotor/medicine-2022
2. The spatial architecture of the brain is fundamentally connected to its function 2 chartdiagram.com slideshare.net
3. 3 Image Credit: Bo Xia, https://twitter.com/boxia7/status/1261464021322137600?s=12 Studying gene expression in human brain Bulk RNA-seq Single cell/nucleus RNA-seq Spatial transcriptomics
4. Laminar position of a cell influences its gene expression, morphology, physiology, and function 4 Kwan et al., 2012, Development
5. Visium & Single nucleus RNA-sequencing technologies (Commercial platform 10x Genomics) 5 Single Cell Gene Expression Spatial Gene Expression
6. Study design for Visium experiments in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) 6 Maynard, Collado-Torres, et al, Nat Neuro, 2021
7. Visualizing gene expression in a histological context 7 logcounts logcounts logcounts Maynard, Collado-Torres, et al, Nat Neuro, 2021
8. 2 pairs spatial adjacent replicates x subject = 12 sections 8 Subject 1 Subject 2 Subject 3 Adjacent spatial replicates (0µm) Adjacent spatial replicates (300µm) PCP4 Maynard, Collado-Torres, et al, Nat Neuro, 2021
9. “Pseudo-bulking” collapses data: spot to layer level 9 Maynard, Collado-Torres, et al, Nat Neuro, 2021
10. Three statistical models to assess laminar enrichment “ANOVA” model 10 “Enrichment” model “Pairwise” model Is any layer different? Is one layer > the rest? Is layer X > layer Y? Maynard, Collado-Torres, et al, Nat Neuro, 2021
11. 11 Identification of laminar enriched genes “Enrichment” model Is one layer > the rest? Group FDR<0.05 Layer1 3033 Layer2 1562 Layer3 183 Layer4 740 Layer5 643 Layer6 379 WM 9124 Only a subset of previous layer marker genes in mouse and human showed laminar association Maynard, Collado-Torres, et al, Nat Neuro, 2021
12. bioconductor.org/packages/spatialLIBD Pardo et al, BMC Genomics, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08601-w Maynard, Collado-Torres, Nat Neuro, 2021 Brenda Pardo Abby Spangler @PardoBree @abspangler
13. 13 SpatialExperiment: infrastructure for spatially resolved transcriptomics data in R using Bioconductor Righelli, Weber, Crowell, et al, Bioinformatics, 2022 DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btac299 Dario Righellli Helena L Crowell @drighelli @CrowellHL Lukas M Weber @lmwebr
14. 14 Madhavi Tippani @MadhaviTippani bioRxiv, doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.04.452489
15. 15 We provided a framework for comparing clustering results vs the manual annotation (aka, ground truth)
16. 16 Zhao et al, Nature Biotechnology, 2021
17. 17 Zhao et al, Nature Biotechnology, 2021
18. Openly sharing data accelerates science: share and you will reap the benefits too! 18 Us: 346 days Them: 271 days Total sequential (fictional): 617 days Reality (preprint to BayesSpace pub): 461 days Difference saved: 156 days Preprints: 190 days
19. 19 What helps also: provide a ground truth and a path towards benchmarking • Fully unsupervised was initially very far from the ground truth • Truth has caveats and should be considered a guideline • Ultimately, the goal is not to fully reproduce the ground truth, but learn what helps and what doesn’t • Ground truth will evolve ;)
20. 20 High accessions, citations, AltMetric, … This data is way more challenging than the mouse: mouse you are looking at different brain regions
21. The Development Process - Making a module - New, experimental software can change dramatically (function and syntax) between versions - Promotes collaboration by allowing two researchers to share exact code and instantly run software without special set-up SpatialExperiment release 3.14 SpatialExperiment devel 3.15 module load tangram/1.0.2 module load cell2location/0.8a0 module load spagcn/1.2.0 @Nick-Eagles (GH) Nicholas J Eagles https://github.com/LieberInstitute/jhpce_mod_source https://github.com/LieberInstitute/jhpce_module_config
22. The Development Process - Regular interaction with software authors to clarify functionality and report bugs - Documentation for code and author responsiveness on GitHub can be critical in successfully applying software to our data @Nick-Eagles (GH) Nicholas J Eagles
23. Documentation + wrapper functions + tests (GitHub Actions + Bioconductor) 23 http://bioconductor.org/packages/spatialLIBD http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/data/experiment/vignettes/spatialLIBD/ inst/doc/TenX_data_download.html
24. Gandal et al, Science, 2018 SFARI GENE; 2.0 by Abrahams et al, Mol Autism, 2013 Jaffe et al, Nature Neuroscience, 2020 - Curated lists - GWAS/TWAS hits - Differential expression - … Layer-enriched gene expression profiling
25. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 WM L6 L5 L4 L3 L2 L1 SFAR I ASC 102 ASD 53 D D ID 49 D E.U p D E.D ow n 2.7 2.1 2.7 4 3.6 4.9 4.5 2.5 5 2.8 5 6.4 2.8 ASD WM L6 L5 L4 L3 L2 L1 PE.U p PE.D ow n BS2.U p BS2.D ow n BS2.U p BS2.D ow n PE.U p PE.D 2.1 2 3.1 1.8 2.2 1.8 8.8 5 2.7 2.6 4.6 SCZD−DE SCZD−TW (A) (B) DIY at http://spatial.libd.org/spatialLIBD/ Laminar-enrichment of clinical gene sets Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) • SFARI: Abrahams et al, Mol Autism, 2013 • ASC102: Satterstrom et al, Cell, 2020 Break up into: • ASD53: ASD dominant traits • DDID49: neurodevelopmental delay COLOR is significance (-log10[p]) NUMBER is enrichment (odds ratio) 25 Maynard, Collado-Torres, et al, Nat Neuro, 2021
26. 26 Adopted and modified from B Wang (2018) and the Brain from the Top to Bottom in McGill University Progressive neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease
27. Integration of proteomic and transcriptomic data with Visium-Immunofluorescence (Visium-IF) 27 Can we define pathology-associated changes in gene expression in Alzheimer’s Disease in human brain?
28. 28 Visium-IF AD Study Design (Inferior Temporal Cortex) Sang Ho Kwon @sanghokwon17 (Kwon et al., in preparation)
29. Visium * ~5k spots in honeycomb * gene expression per spot * tissue (H&E staining) Immunofluorescence (IF) * multi-channel (6) images * identifies morphological features of interest * large: might be broken in tiles Channel 1 * triangle feature Channel 2 * cloud feature Channel 6 * xyz feature Tissue (bright field image) Visium spot Channel 1 feature Channel 2 feature + Visium-IF raw data: 2 types
30. Spot ID # Triangle # Cloud % triangle % cloud spot0001 0 12 0 17 spot0002 4 0 27 0 Merge Visium & IF IF Spot ID Gene 1 Gene 2 Gene X In Tissue # cells spot0001 0 12 39 true 3 spot0002 4 0 27 false 0 Visium downstream * QC * analyses
31. 31 Registering pathology maps with gene expression spots Madhavi Tippani @MadhaviTippani (Kwon et al., in preparation) Prop IF/Spot VistoSeg now supports Visium-IF
32. Annotating and pseudo-bulking spots by pathology for differential expression analyses 32 Sowmya Parthiban @sowmyapartybun (Kwon et al., in preparation)
33. Identification of genes associated with AD pathology 33 (Kwon et al., in preparation) p<0.05 in targeted sequencing panel
34. Working with Visium • It’s very powerful • Open source friendly • 6.5 mm2 too restrictive? Opportunity for creativity • Visium and Visium-IF have required the development of software • It’s fun to work on something where there are no answers on Google =) but also a challenge 34
35. Future Directions • Integration of proteomic and transcriptomic data • Visium-IF AD proof-of-concept • Integration of snRNA-seq and Visium data • Visium + snRNA-seq on LC • Increasing resolution (# spots) and area (array size) • Visium HD • Leveraging rich histology/imaging data • Clustering (SpaGCN), spot deconvolution, etc. • Building educational resources • Completing Orchestrating Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics Analysis with Bioconductor (OSTA) 35
36. Acknowledgements Lieber Institute Sang Ho-Kwon MadhaviTippani Abby Spanger Brenda Pardo Joseph L. Catallini II Matthew N. Tran Vijay Sadashivaiah Heena Divecha Kelsey Montgomery Nick Eagles Josh Stolz Louise Huuki Rahul Bharadwaj Stephanie Page Leonardo Collado-Torres Keri Martinowich Andrew Jaffe Joel E. Kleinman Thomas M. Hyde Daniel R. Weinberger JHU Biostatistics Dept Stephanie Hicks Lukas Weber Sowmya Parthiban 10x Genomics Courtney Anderson Cedric Uytingco Stephen R. Williams Charles Bruce Jennifer Chew YifengYin Nikhil Rao Michelle Mak Guixia Yu Julianna Avalos-Gracia JHU Oncology Tissue Services (Kristen Lecksell) JHU SKCCC Flow Core (Jessica Gucwa) JHU Transcriptomics & Deep Sequencing Core (Linda Orzolek) JHU Tumor Microenvironment Core (Liz Engle) We are hiring! https://www.libd.org/careers/ @lcolladotor #spatialLIBD team
37. #spatialLIBD is a supportive LIBD & JHU team 37 Check for your yourself at https://twitter.com/lcolladotor/status/1516587531369811971 https://lcolladotor.github.io/team_surveys/
38. We are hiring! https://www.libd.org/careers/ 38