1765: 1st industrial revolution u Coal, Steam Engine, Iron u 1870: 2nd industrial revolution u Oil, Electricity, Steel u 1969: 3rd industrial revolution u PLC, Automation u 1993: 4th industrial revolution u The internet, Mobile Network, PC, IoT, AI
Singapore and Hong Kong (after neutralising the impact of net interest margin changes) improved one percentage point a year since 2015 to 45% in 2018. Digital segment continues to be material • Increasing share of customers, income, Digital segment continues to be valuable • Sustained higher income per customer, lower CIR Overall Consumer and SME (SG, HK) contribute 46% of Group income Income per customer (SGD ’000) 1.4 1.3 Cost-income ratio (%) 34 36 Return on equity (%) 32 27 58 40 55 35 57 36 54 34 18pp 20pp 20pp 22pp Delta D T Digital • 27% YoY • 32% ROE 63% (2017) 68% (2018) Traditional • (1)% YoY • 23% ROE 46% • 17% YoY • 29% ROE Cost-income ratio (%) Digital (D) vs Traditional (T) 2018 income (Source) P.23 of DBS Annual Report (2018)
u Note: RBAC and IBAC is a special case of ABAC Real Name Professional qualification department Geo- location Employee number Entity Authenticated Identity Authentication Server Provides Claims username password Geo-location Device info Etc. Identity Register AuthN Log Audit Anomaly Detection Resource Policy PAP PDP PEP metadata PEP2 Admin
2)⾝近な⼈たちとの関係の質が重要 3)良い関係は体だけでなく脳を守る (出所)ロバート・ウォールディンガー「⼈⽣を幸せにするのは何? 最も⻑期に渡る幸福の研究から」TEDxBeaconStreet (参考)Waldinger, R.J., & Schulz, M.S. (2010). Whatʼs love got to do with it? Social functioning, perceived health, and daily happiness in married octogenerians, Psychology and Aging 25, 422-431. 「私達を幸福に健康にするものは、良い⼈間関係 に尽きる。」 (Robert Waldinger)
authenticated identity 21 Real Name Professional qualification department Geo-location Employee number Entity Authenticated Identity Authentication Server Provides claims username password Geo-location Device info Etc. Identity Register Verification (authentication)
together and standardize it at IETF. Don’t worry. I can take care of the editing!” 43 JSON Simple Signature (JSS) & Encryption (JSE) Magic Signature & JSON Tokens JWx
frameworks Real Name Professional qualification department Geo- location Employee number Entity Authenticated Identity Authentication Server Provides Claims username password Geo-location Device info Etc. Identity Register AuthN Log Audit Anomaly Detection Resource Policy PAP PDP PEP metadata PEP2 Admin ID Token
OpenID Financial-grade API (FAPI) Security Profile https://www.openbanking.org.uk/provider-categories/account-providers/ ABN AMRO Bank NV AIB Group (UK) plc Bank of Cyprus UK Ltd Bank of Ireland (UK) Plc Bank of Scotland plc Barclays Bank Plc Clydesdale Bank PLC HSBC UK Bank Plc ICBC (London) plc Lloyds Bank PLC etc…
trust in Keys used in the past. u Key recovery (esp. for Self-Issued OP) u RPs are not accepting it. u To date, my own services are pretty much the RPs that is accepting my own IdP. u Could I login to my PC/Mac/Phone with it?
granular specification of claims for “Collection Minimization” • Can mark “essential” • Forms the basis for cosent management system in conjunction with claims: • “usage policy (policy_uri)” and • “ToS (tos_uri)” registered during the client registration. 70
and not to the authorization request. 72 u This makes revoking of the consent easy. u Just revoke the authorization to the client. i.e. Exiting OAuth mechanism works.
Economy will form 5.4% of GDP. u By just removing the regulations barring free movement of non-personal data, it is estimated that it could generate up to €8 billion in GDP a year u 2014: 56 Laws forced data localization u 2020: ZERO laws. 84
are key enablers for secure cross-border electronic transactions and central building blocks of the Digital Single Market. (SOURCE) HTTPS://EC.EUROPA.EU/DIGITAL-SINGLE-MARK ET/EN/TRUST-SERVIC ES-AND-EID 85 Free Flow of Data with Trust
Seal Certificates Signature Certificates Website authenticati on Certificates Signature Creation Services Signature Validation Services Time stamping Services Electronic delivery Services Preservation Services Qualified Seal Certificates Qualified Signature Certificates Qualified Website authenticati on Certificates Qualified Signature Validation Service Qualified Time stamping Services Qualified Electronic delivery Services Qualified Preservation Services Indirectly related to personal identity Directly related to personal identity (Source) Wim Coulier: Using eIDAS to drive mass adoption of identity solutions (2019)
electronic delivery has to complete such effort Application independent electronic delivery Official signatures serve to facilitate recognition of the fact that a document originates from an authority. electronic documents need the potential for being authentic - even if printed on paper such documents shall keep validity (出所)Rupp, C.:E-Government in Austria (2009)
p 構造化されたデータは、複数組み合わせて自動処理可能。 p 人工知能との組合せで、これまで知られていなかったことの発見と効率 化も。 p シミュレーションによって、実際にやらないでも結果を出せる。 p 工場にデータをダウンロードして、新製品の製造を開始…etc. p その結果返されたデータは、受け取った側(人・組織)でも有効 活用可能。 p 組織をまたがったデータの流れと処理が加速。