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Server Memory - Chernivtsi JS 2019
Андрей Листочкин (Andrey Listochkin)
June 22, 2019
Programming
1
28
Server Memory - Chernivtsi JS 2019
Андрей Листочкин (Andrey Listochkin)
June 22, 2019
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Transcript
None
@listochkin fb.com/tektonna
Not a JavaScript talk
No CSS No frameworks No Node
A bit deeper than most talks on similar subject
None
How programming languages work
Just-in-time compilers Garbage Collection
Memory Management
Server runs our programs
CPU Caches RAM Swap Disk Network
Operating System
None
Pages
4k
Virtual
2 processes [0 … ∞]
Oh, I got a pointer at 4096 What’s at 4095?
Page fault
Allocate page But not really
Once you start writing to it
not 4k?
None
None
malloc
None
malloc me some memory
a pointer
free(pointer)
malloc malloc malloc free malloc free free
Forget to free Free the wrong pointer Read from unallocated
memory
Can we do better?
Reference Counting
None
const players = [ … ] players.forEach(p => makeMove(p))
a = … doX(a) yield a
scope
if ( … ) { let a = … …
}
None
C++: std::shared_ptr
None
Optimizations
Delayed Counting
Don’t count local references
function (user) { let email = user.email; … … }
Delayed deallocation
Cycle Collector
None
None
Compile time ref-counting
Several types of pointers
Ownership
Forbids cycles by forbidding several owning references at the same
time
None
None
None
Perl 1987 - today Python 1991 - 2001 PHP 1994
- 2009
Multiprocess deploys
fork
Copy on Write
Worker Accepts requests As memory use raises: Stop accepting requests
Complete in-flight requests Terminate
Master Keep track on workers Start new workers Signal them
to terminate when memory pressure is high
“Pre-fork”
Load the framework Load app code Run full GC Start
forking process to accept requests
None
None
“Processes”
Tracing GC
1959 60 years ago
Start at Root references Follow all references Build a live
objects tree Delete all objects not part of the tree
Ruby Java JavaScript Lua Go
Roots?
Constants Global variables Local variables Closures Thread-locals ...
Mark & Sweep vs Mark-Compact
None
Can you move objects after mark?
Team Sweep: Go Ruby* Lua Embedded JS engines Erlang
Pros: Pointers don’t change Native extensions Easier to implement
Team Compact: Java JavaScript Ruby* Haskell
Pros: Less memory fragmentation over time Cons: Harder Takes longer
to do a GC
Mark all memory
None
Incremental Marking
3-colored algorithm by Dijkstra™
None
None
None
None
None
What is a barrier? if statement
else branch is very rare CPU branch predictor
Parallel marking
None
None
Lazy Sweep
Generational
Temporary data
Major vs Minor GC
Pointers from Old objects to new objects
Remembered Set
Major GC Scan roots only Bigger object graph
Minor GC Scan roots + RS Small object graph
None
Modern GCs are hybrid
None
None
C-extensions
Can’t move objects if their references are passed to an
extension
Can’t add WB
RGen GC
2 types of objects WB-protected WB-unprotected
WBu are never OldGen
OldGen -> WBu WBu to Remembered Set
Mark WBus on every minor GC
1 stw to mark all WBu in RS
None
None
Adding compaction for WBp
None
V8
Minor GC Parallel
Major Parallel marking Parallel / Concurrent Compact || Sweep
None
When to trigger GC?
Out-of-Bounds GC
request? Minor GCs response is sent? Major GC
Firefox Run GC in background tabs first instead of current
tab
Chrome Animation frame
Walking the memory
Cache locality
GPU
OS Pages pre-forked processes malloc zones GC Pages Remembered Sets
Barriers
None
None