Sustainability in Software Engineering - How to make a difference

Transcript

1. ©2021 VMware, Inc. Sustainability in Software Engineering How to make a difference Martin Lippert Spring Tools Lead & Sustainability Ambassador, VMware February 2022
2. 2 ©2021 VMware, Inc. Climate change is real. There is no need to argue about whether climate change exists, is human made, or life-threatening – all this is real and urgent. We need to stop climate change, not discuss whether it is real or not.
3. 3 ©2021 VMware, Inc. This is a huge challenge, and we can make a huge difference. Software is eating the world and can have a huge impact. Let’s not wait for others to solve the problem. Everybody is involved – we all share the same responsibility.
4. ©2021 VMware, Inc. 4 Contributions to climate change Greenhouse gases: • CO2: 74.36% (carbon) • CH4: 17.32% • N20: 6.19% • F-Gas: 2.13%
5. We need to decarbonize the entire world of software engineering.
6. ©2021 VMware, Inc. 6 Employee Commute Energy Production Business Travel Food in the office Hardware Hardware Production Heating / Cooling Data Center Operation Network Traffic CPU Cycles Memory Consumption SWAG production Shipping / Transport Energy consumption There is a wide range of topics
7. ©2021 VMware, Inc. 7 89% 7% 4% Energy - 89% Land-use - 7% Industrial processes - 4% What causes carbon emissions?
8. 8 ©2021 VMware, Inc. Energy Production
9. The energy question. We need 100% renewable energy. This will take a very long time. And we don‘t have a very long time.
10. ©2021 VMware, Inc. 10 Increase renewable energy production Decrease energy consumption We need to tackle this from both sides
11. ©2021 VMware, Inc. 11 Electricity Generation Losses: 60% 40 Watts Data Center Losses: 30% Server Losses: 80% 28 Watts 100 Watts <5 Watts Useful Computing Source: Rocky Mountain Institute Impact of saving energy
12. 12 ©2021 VMware, Inc. Energy Consumption
13. ©2021 VMware, Inc. 13 Employee Commute Energy Production Business Travel Food in the office Hardware Hardware Production Heating / Cooling Data Center Operation Network Traffic CPU Cycles Memory Consumption SWAG production Shipping / Transport Energy consumption Energy consumption
14. 14 ©2021 VMware, Inc. Rule of thumb: Try to run your software with less hardware.
15. 15 ©2021 VMware, Inc. Step 0: Virtualize to use less hardware.
16. • Hardware production consumes lots of energy and resources. • Buying less hardware is cheaper and better for the environment.
17. 17 ©2021 VMware, Inc. Step 1: Do not run your software.
18. • Only run software when necessary (scale to zero). • Eliminate “zombies”. They consume energy, space, and hardware.
19. ©2021 VMware, Inc. 19 1. In 2019, VMware consolidated a datacenter in Singapore. 66% of the host machines were “zombies“. They were decomissioned. 2. In a 2017 study, Jon Koomey surveyed 16,000 non- virtualized and virtualized physical servers, across 10 datacenters. He concluded that 25% of the physical servers were “zombies“ and 30% of the virtual machines were “zombies“. Two pieces of evidence
20. 20 ©2021 VMware, Inc. Step 2: Run your software using less energy.
21. ©2021 VMware, Inc. 21 Memory constantly consumes energy • 1GB RAM consumes about 2W (varying)* CPUs consume a lot of energy • Lets assume an average of 50W* Rule of thumb • Reserve less memory • Reserve less vCPUs (* average rough number, varies depending on type of RAM, power vs. idle mode, and other factors)
22. ©2021 VMware, Inc. 22 A real win-win situation Fight climate change AND reduce cost of operation
23. To put that into perspective One flight from FRA -> SFO, Economy, 747-8 ~1883 kgCO2 Dell PowerEdge R560, 32GB, 2 CPUs, x4 300 GB HDD ~1930 kgCO2 / year
24. 24 ©2021 VMware, Inc. Where to run the software?
25. ©2021 VMware, Inc. 32 Choose data center in cold regions (less cooling needed) Choose data center where the energy mix is best (depending on solar/wind conditions) Dynamically reschedule when conditions change ©2021 VMware, Inc. 25 Choose data center in cold regions (less cooling needed) Choose data center where the energy mix is best (depending on solar/wind conditions) Dynamically reschedule when conditions change
26. 26 ©2021 VMware, Inc. How to evaluate/measure?
27. ©2021 VMware, Inc. 27
28. 28 ©2021 VMware, Inc. Last Resort Offsetting emissions A topic of its own
29. ©2021 VMware, Inc. 42 Offsetting is generally a good idea • Offsetting projects generally do good things • Choose the project wisely, not every offsetting project really pays off The important difference is: • Avoid emissions in the future (many offsetting projects are in this category) • Vs. Actively removing the same amount of CO2 from the atmosphere ©2021 VMware, Inc. 29 Offsetting is generally a good idea • Offsetting projects generally do good things • Choose the project wisely, not every offsetting project really pays off The important difference is: • Avoid emissions in the future (many offsetting projects are in this category) • Vs. Actively removing the same amount of CO2 from the atmosphere
30. 30 ©2021 VMware, Inc. Innovate
31. 31 ©2021 VMware, Inc. Native Spring Applications The Spring team works hard to enable native image generation using the GraalVM native image technology for Spring Boot applications This can turn out to have a huge effect on the environment
32. ©2021 VMware, Inc. 32 Scheduling on Kubernetes
33. 33 ©2021 VMware, Inc. The Carbon Intensity of a software will be an important differentiating factor in the industry
34. 34 ©2021 VMware, Inc. The next step in innovation
35. ©2021 VMware, Inc. 35 Net negative business models The more you sell or use, the better for the climate
36. 36 ©2021 VMware, Inc. It is our responsibility as software engineers to create software that is carbon efficient
37. 37 ©2021 VMware, Inc. Learn more: Green Software Foundation https://greensoftware.foundation Principles for sustainable software engineering https://principles.green Course by Microsoft: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/modules/sustainable- software-engineering-overview/
38. ©2021 VMware, Inc. Thank You Martin Lippert @martinlippert lippertm@vmware.com Evaluate the session and give feedback