mmmm..mruby everywhere & revisiting Ruby

mmm.. mruby
Aloha RubyConf 2012 - Matt Aimonetti
@merbist
Tuesday, October 9, 12

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revisit ruby

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Nico
disclaimer

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Nico

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“now” hiring

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1. walk around
2. ask the audience questions
3. don't read your content
4. change your tone of voice frequently
5. have a mai-tai before you start?
6. enjoy yourself

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ruby

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JRuby
C Ruby REE
rubinus
MacRuby
IronRuby
Maglev

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mruby

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why?

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modular

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float instead of double
max func args
disable regexp
disable sprintf
disable math
disable time
disable stdio
memory management

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anything that isn’t cross
platform isn’t available

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embedded

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Lego Mindstorms NXT 64kb RAM

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mruby
!=
ruby 2.0

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matz’
embeddable
minimal implementation
of the ruby
language
mmmmm mruby

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minimalistic
ruby

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mruby
preliminary
release

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Regional Innovation Creation
R&D Program

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execution

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• $ mruby hello_world.rb
execution

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• REPL / mirb
execution

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• REPL / mirb
• $ mruby -e “p ‘Hello World!’ ”
execution

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• REPL / mirb
• bytecode (intermediate representation)
execution

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• REPL / mirb
• bytecode (intermediate representation)
• convert to C code (readable or binary)
execution

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2012
#include
#include
/* Include the needed mruby headers */
#include
#include
int main(void)
{
mrb_state *mrb = mrb_open();
char code[] = "p 'hello world!'";
printf("Executing Ruby code from C!\n");
mrb_load_string(mrb, code);
return 0;
}

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2012
$ gcc -‐Iinclude hello.c lib/libmruby.a -‐lm -‐o
hello.out
$ ./hello.out
Executing Ruby code from C!
"hello world!"

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Use case(s)?

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anywhere
Lua is used

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Lua combines simple procedural syntax
with powerful data description constructs
based on associative arrays and
extensible semantics.

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Ruby is a dynamic programming
language with a focus on simplicity and
productivity. It has an elegant syntax that
is natural to read and easy to write.

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2009 survey - scripting languages used
by game developers

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small footprint
portable
very easily embedded

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“Lua mruby is dynamically typed, runs by
interpreting bytecode for a register-based virtual
machine, and has automatic memory
management with incremental garbage
collection, making it ideal for conﬁguration,
scripting, and rapid prototyping.”

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mobiruby

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http://mobiruby.org/

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ruby for
node.js
https://github.com/mattn/mruby-uv

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mix JS & Ruby
using Node.js

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mod_mruby
https://github.com/matsumoto-r/mod_mruby

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backends = [
"http://192.168.0.101:8888/",
"http://192.168.0.102:8888/",
"http://192.168.0.103:8888/",
"http://192.168.0.104:8888/",
]
# write balancing algorithm here.
r = Apache::Request.new()
r.handler = "proxy-‐server"
r.proxyreq = Apache::PROXYREQ_REVERSE
r.filename = "proxy:" +
backends[rand(backends.length)] + r.uri
Apache::return(Apache::OK)

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Gotchas

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no fork
no threads

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no “require”

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not officially
released

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very little
documentation

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no std lib

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https://
github.com/
iij/mruby
mruby extension for unix

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• Digest::MD5/RIPEMD160/SHA1/SHA256/SHA384/SHA512
• Digest::HMAC: #reset
• ENV: ::[] ::
[]= ::clear ::delete ::inspect ::keys ::size ::store ::to_a ::to_hash ::to_s ::values
• Errno::EXXX
• File: ::open ::umask ::unlink ::delete ::rename ::exist? ::exists? ::dirname #path
• IO: ::open ::sysopen ::popen #close #closed? #each #each_byte #each_line
#read #sync #sync= #write #to_io
• Regexp: ::compile ::last_match #match
• TCPSocket: ::new ::open
• UNIXSocket: #addr ::new ::open #peeraddr
• Syslog: ::open ::close ::log ::opened? ::ident ::options ::facility
• SystemCallError
• Kernel: #exit #sleep #system
• (and more, including features that should land in mruby master)

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so how fast is
it?

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Benchmark time!!!

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ruby is a
hacking
language

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use
ruby
everywhere!

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ruby
everywhere!
not just for the web

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Questions?

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revisit ruby
(talk part deux)

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functional
AND
object
oriented

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functional!

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functional
freedom
programming

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no side
effects

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higher order
functions

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composability

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(1..17).select(&:odd?).
map(&:to_f).
map do |x|
(x / rand(99)).rationalize
end
# => [(1/61), (3/68), (5/22), (7/45),
(9/68), (11/23), (1/6), (15/46), (17/13)]

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Enumerator::
Lazy

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currying

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sum = -> func,a,b do
result = 0
a.upto(b){|n| result += func.(n) }
result
end
# currying
curried_sum = sum.curry
# partial functions
sum_ints = curried_sum[-> x {x}]
sum_of_squares = curried_sum[-> x {x**2}]
sum_of_powers_of_2 = curried_sum[-> x {2**x}]
# results
sum_ints[1,5] #=> 15
sum_of_squares.call(1,5) #=> 55
sum_of_powers_of_2.(1,5) #=> 62

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TCO

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RubyVM::InstructionSequence.\
compile_option[:tailcall_optimization]

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vm_opts.h
#define OPT_TAILCALL_OPTIMIZATION 1

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def fact(n, r=1)
if n < 2
r
else
fact(n-1, n*r)
end
end
fact(30_000)
# => SystemStackError: stack level too deep

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option = {
tailcall_optimization: true,
trace_instruction: false,
}
iseq = RubyVM::InstructionSequence.new(<<-EOF,
"fact.rb", '/', nil, option).eval
class Tailcall
def fact(n, r=1)
if n < 2
r
else
fact(n-1, n*r)
end
end
end
EOF
Tailcall.new.fact(30_000)

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pattern
matching

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me = ["Matt",42, "San Diego"]
awesome_places = ["San Diego", "Hawaii"]
case me
when -> list {seq.first == "matt" }
puts "Hey #{list.first} from #{list.last}"
when -> list {awesome_places.include?(seq.last)}
puts "Yay #{list.first}, you live in \
an awesome place"
else
puts ":("
end

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immutability

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not a
requirement
to be FP

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modules
don’t have to
be
mixins

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module RubyConf
module_function
def generate_oauth_token(id, scope, expiration)
"#{id}#{scope}#{expiration}"
end
def valid_headers?(headers)
true
end
def set_sso_cookies!(response)
response.set_cookie 'sso', {value: '123', domain: TLD}
response
end
end

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mmmm..mruby everywhere & revisiting Ruby

mmmm..mruby everywhere & revisiting Ruby

Matt Aimonetti

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