RとIoT

2015年度統計数理研究所共同研究集会「データ解析環境Rの整備と利用」での発表資料です。
関連リポジトリ: https://github.com/mokjpn/R_IoT
デモムービー: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DXHfFZz9q1M

Transcript

1. RͱIoT 2015೥12݄5೔ Rݚڀूձ Ԭా ণ࢙
2. Contents • ॳڃ - mongodbʹஷΊͨσʔλΛಡΜͰΈΔ • தڃ - MQTTϓϩτίϧͰPublish͞ΕͨσʔλΛ Subscribeͯ͠औಘͯ͠ΈΔ • ্ڃ - R on Raspberry PiͰɺ௚઀γϦΞϧ௨৴Ͱσʔ λΛड͚ͯΈΔ(ະ׬) • ൪֎ฤ - Shiny͔ΒIoTΨδΣοτΛૢ࡞͢Δ
3. RͱIoT ɹʔ ໨త
4. Internet Of Things • IoT: Internet of Things, ϞϊͷΠϯλʔωοτ • ϚΠίϯ͕෇͍͍ͯͨ΋ͷʹɺWi-Fi΍Bluetooth, 3G௨৴νο ϓ͕෇͘Α͏ʹͳΓɺωοτͱ৘ใͷૹड৴͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳͬ ͨ • ༷ʑͳػثʹ౥ࡌ͞Ε͍ͯΔηϯαʔͷσʔλΛ༰қʹूΊΒ ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳΓɺར༻Ͱ͖Δσʔλ͕രൃతʹ૿େͨ͠ • RͷػೳͳΒɺ͜ΕΒηϯαʔ͔ΒͷҰ࣍৘ใΛ௚઀ϦΞϧλ ΠϜʹऩू෼ੳͰ͖Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍
5. IoTͱR • R͸γϯάϧεϨουͳͷͰɺجຊతʹϦΞϧλΠϜॲཧ͸ ۤख • ωοτϫʔΫܦ༝Ͱσʔλ͕গͣͭ͠ೖͬͯ͘Δͷ΋ۤख • Ұ౓ଞͷํ๏ͰσʔλϕʔεʹσʔλΛ஝ੵ͔ͯ͠Βղੳ͢ Δํ͕ɺɺɺ • Ͱ΋΍ͬͺΓShinyΛ࢖͍͍ͨɺͱ͔ɺԿͰ΋RͰ׬݁͠ͳ͍ ͱؾ͕͢·ͳ͍ɺͱ͔ɺͨͩ໘നͦ͏͔ͩΒ΍ͬͯΈ͍ͨɺ ͱ͍͏ํͷࢀߟʹͳΕ͹ɻ
6. RͱIoT ɹʔ ํ๏
7. IoTػث͸ͲͷΑ͏ʹ௨৴Λ͢Δ͔ • ϚΠίϯ͕ඇྗͰిྗ΋અ໿͍ͨ͠ͷͰɺʮ͍ܰʯॲཧͰ͋Δ͜ͱ͕ॏཁ • ϚΠίϯͱηϯαؒͷ௨৴͸ԼهͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷ͕࢖ΘΕΔ • γϦΞϧ௨৴ UART: Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter ػ ೳΛ࣋ͬͨϚΠίϯ • I2C(Inter-Integrated Circuit), SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface) : ICؒͰͷ γϦΞϧ௨৴ن֨ • GPIO(General Purpose I/O): ൚༻ೖग़ྗϐϯɻͦͷ··1Ϗοτͷঢ়ଶ Λද͢ͷʹ࢖ͬͯ΋ྑ͍͠ɺγϦΞϧ௨৴ͷϥΠϯͱͯ͠༻͍ͯ΋ྑ͍
8. IoTػث͸ͲͷΑ͏ʹΠϯλʔωοτ ʹ৘ใΛૹ৴͢Δ͔ • Ұ୴ϚΠίϯͰσʔλΛड͚͔ͯΒɺ • Bluetooth, BLE(Bluetooth Low Energy) + εϚʔτϑΥϯ • Wi-Fi • 3G௨৴ • ͳͲͷ௨৴Ϟδϡʔϧܦ༝ͰσʔλΛΠϯλʔωοτ্ʹૹ ৴͢ΔɻWi-Fi, 3GϞδϡʔϧ͸௚઀IPΞυϨεΛ࣋ͯΔ͕ɺ BLEػث͸εϚʔτϑΥϯͷΞϓϦܦ༝Ͱ௨৴͢Δ
9. ௨৴ϓϩτίϧ • REST APIͰHTTPͰ௨৴͢Δ΋ͷ΋͋Δ͕ɺHTTP͸ϔομ ͷॲཧͳͲ͕൥ࡶʹͳΓɺϚΠίϯͰ͸ѻ͍ʹ͍͘ • MQTT(MQ Telemetry Transport)͸Publish/Subscribeܕͱݺ ͹ΕΔɺ͋ΔPublisherΫϥΠΞϯτ͕, αʔό(MQTT Brokerͱݺ͹ΕΔ)ʹ৘ใΛૹ৴͢Δͱɺಉ࣌ʹ઀ଓ͍ͯ͠ ΔSubscriberΫϥΠΞϯτ͕ͦͷ৘ใΛड͚औΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ Δɺͱ͍͏ϓϩτίϧͰɺϔομ΋খ͍͞ͷͰIoTػثͰΑ ͔ͭ͘ΘΕ͍ͯΔ
10. σʔλϑΥʔϚοτ • γϦΞϧ௨৴ͳͲͰ͸ݻఆ௕σʔλ΋·ͩ·ͩݱ໾͕ͩɺ Πϯλʔωοτ্ͷαʔόʹૹ৴͢Δͱ͖ʹ͸ɺJSON͕ Α͘࢖ΘΕ͍ͯΔΑ͏ͩ • ϚΠίϯʹ͸ՙ͕ॏ͍ͨΊ͔ɺXML͸΄ͱΜͲݟ͔͚ͳ ͍ • ϑΝΠϧ୯ҐͰ͸ͳ͘ɺߦ୯ҐͰͷ৘ใૹ৴ͱͳΔ৔߹ ͕΄ͱΜͲͰ͋ΔͨΊ͔ɺΧϯϚ۠੾ΓͷΑ͏ͳϑΥʔ Ϛοτ΋͋·Γݟ͔͚ͳ͍
11. ετϨʔδ • MQTT Brokerࣗମ͸ετϨʔδͱͯ͠ͷػೳΛ࣋ͨ ͳ͍ʢσʔλΛ஝ੵ͠ͳ͍ʣ • MQTTʹࡌͤͯӡ͹Ε͖ͯͨJSONσʔλΛ MongoDB, RedisͳͲͷKey-ValueετΞʹͦͷ·· ֨ೲ͢ΔϓϩάϥϜ͸͍ͭ͘΋ଘࡏ͢Δɻ
12. R͔ΒͷΞϓϩʔν 1. MQTT-mongoDBήʔτ΢ΣΠʹΑΓ, mongoDB ʹ஝ੵͨ͠σʔλΛR͔ΒಡΉ 2. R͔Β௚઀MQTT Brokerʹsubscribeͯ͠ɺૹΒΕ ͖ͯͨσʔλΛಡΉ 3. RΛಈ͔͢ϚγϯͱηϯαʔΛ௚઀઀ଓ͠ɺγϦΞ ϧ௨৴, GPIO౳ͰσʔλΛಡΉ
13. MQTT-MongoDB ήʔτ΢ΣΠܦ༝Ͱ IoTػث͕ૹ৴͢ΔσʔλΛಡΉ • mongolite ύοέʔδ • mongoDBͷ৘ใߋ৽ʹ൐ͬͯࣗಈతʹॲཧΛݺͼग़͠ ͯ͘ΕΔΘ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͍ͷͰɺఆظతʹDBʹ࠷৽X݅ͷ σʔλΛऔΓʹߦ͔ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍͕ɺmongoDBͷ ΫΤϦ sort={"$natural":-1 } Λ࢖͏ͱ࠷৽X݅ ͷσʔλ͚ͩΛऔΓग़ͤΔͷͰָ • σʔλϑϨʔϜ΁ͷม׵΋ࣗಈ
14. R͔Β௚઀MQTT Brokerʹsubscribe ͯ͠ɺૹΒΕ͖ͯͨσʔλΛಡΉ • RMQTT Έ͍ͨͳύοέʔδ͕͋Δ͔ͳͱࢥ͏ͱɺ·ͩແ͍Α ͏ͩ • ޾͍ɺponte ͱ͍͏ node.js ʹΑΔMQTT Broker࣮૷͸ɺ MQTTϝοηʔδΛHTTP RESTʹϒϦοδͯ͘͠ΕΔػೳΛ಺ แ͍ͯͨ͠ͷͰɺͦΕΛ࢖͑͹R͸HTTP͚ͩ͠Ό΂Ε͹ྑ͍: curl ύοέʔδ • JSONσʔλ͸ jsonlite ύοέʔδͰϦετ/σʔλϑϨʔϜԽ
15. RΛಈ͔͢ϚγϯͱηϯαʔΛ௚઀઀ଓ ͠ɺγϦΞϧ௨৴, GPIO౳ͰσʔλΛಡΉ • R tty connection patch ͳΔ΋ͷ͕R 2.12͋ͨΓ޲ ͚ʹެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔɻͦΕͰγϦΞϧ௨৴͸Մೳͬ Ά͍͕… • Raspberry Pi / BeagleBone / PCduino / Galileo / Edison / DragonBoard ͋ͨΓ޲͚ʹRΛϏϧυ͢Δ ؀ڥΛ੔͑Δ͕࣌ؒͳ͘ະ׬ • ଓ͖͸͍ͣΕϒϩάͰ
16. ࢖༻ͨ͠IoTػث • ownTracks (Android/iOS ΞϓϦ) • ࣗ෼ͷ৔ॴ(Ң౓ܦ౓)Λ MQTT Brokerʹఆظత ʹPublish͢ΔΞϓϦ
17. ࢖༻ͨ͠IoTػث • Espruino + ESP8266 + BME280 • Թ౓ɾ࣪౓ɾؾѹηϯανοϓͷBME280 • γϦΞϧ௨৴Ͱ੍ޚͰ͖ΔWi-FiϞδϡʔϧ ESP8266 • JavaScriptͰϓϩάϥϜ͕ॻ͚ΔϚΠίϯ Espruino • ͜ΕΒΛͭͳ͗ɺBME280͔ΒI2CͰಡΈऔͬͨσʔλΛWi-FiͰ MQTT Brokerʹඈ͹ࣗ͢࡞γεςϜ
18. ࢖༻ͨ͠IoTػث • Hackey • Wi-Fi઀ଓػೳΛ࣋ͬͨ伴݀ • 伴Λ͔͚Δ/։͚ΔͱREST APIΛίʔϧͰ͖Δ • ઌ΄Ͳͷponte Λܦ༝͢ΔͱMQTT BrokerʹϝοηʔδΛPublishͰ͖Δ
19. RͱIoT ݁Ռ
20. σϞ
21. ShinyͰදࣔ͢Δͱ͖ͷTips # reactiveValues()ͰReactive variableΛએݴ myReact <- reactiveValues(wdf=data.frame()) # reactivePoll() Ͱ1000ms͝ͱͷϙʔϦϯάΛઃఆɻ # checkWeather()͕ponte ͔ΒHTTPͰ࠷৽ͷԹ౓࣪౓ؾѹ৘ใΛऔ ಘ͢Δؔ਺ wdata <- reactivePoll(1000, session, checkWeather, checkWeather) # σʔλ͕དྷ͍ͯͨΒɺࠓ·ͰͷσʔλʹrbindͰ௥Ճ͢Δ observe({ myReact$wdf <- rbind(isolate(myReact$wdf), wdata()) })
22. RͱIoT ·ͱΊ
23. Summary • IoTػث͔ΒMQTTͰૹ৴͞ΕΔσʔλΛRʹऔΓࠐΈɺShiny WebΞϓϦ্Ͱ1ඵఔ౓ͷ஗ΕͰදࣔͨ͠ɻ • mongoDBήʔτ΢ΣΠɺHTTPήʔτ΢ΣΠΛ࢖͏͜ͱͰR͔Β ͷ௚઀ͷσʔλऔಘ͕ՄೳͰ͕͋ͬͨɺMQTTΛ௚઀Subscribe Ͱ͖Δύοέʔδ͸ݱࡏͷͱ͜Ζͳ͍ͷͰɺొ৔͕଴ͨΕΔ • R୯ಠͰγϦΞϧ௨৴͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔͱ, TWE-Liteͱ͔௨৴ ܦ࿏Λ͞Βʹ޿͛ΒΕΔ͸͕ͣͩɺR 3.0Ҏ߱΁ͷύον͕ग़ͯ ͍ͳ͍ͷͰɺͪ͜Β΋ཉ͍͠ͱ͜Ζ
24. ࢀߟจݙ • ponte - HTTPήʔτ΢ΣΠɺmongoDBετϨʔδ઀ଓΛඋ͑ͨ MQTT Broker • http://www.eclipse.org/ponte/ • tty patch for R 2.13 - R͔Β௚઀γϦΞϧ௨৴Λߦ͏ػೳΛ෇Ճ͢Δ ύον • https://biostatmatt.com/code • ͕͐͡Ζ͙ - ੡࡞೔هతͳ΋ͷ • http://b.okadajp.org/