誰がどう見てもそうとしか受け取れない文書術（公開版）

サービシンクの名村が25年に渡るWeb制作のプロジェクトマネジメントで「テキストで情報を伝える」上で認識齟齬に至る点を洗い出した「誰がどう見てもそうとしか受け取れない文書術」のセミナースライドの2020年3月29日公開版です。
Web制作・システム開発に関わる人以外には事例等が分かりにくいかもしれませんが、日本語の弱点とそれを補うためのコツと答えを記載していますので、何かの参考になれば幸いです。

Transcript

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    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ݪҼ͸ॻ͍͍ͯΔจॻʹ͋Γ
    ʮ͓લ͕ແೳʯͱ͔ʮߦؒಡΊΑʯ
    ͱ͔ઈର͍ͬͯ͸μϝʂ
    32
    

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33. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ॻͨ͘ΊͷπʔϧΛ༻ҙ͢Δ
    4FDUJPO
    33
    

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34. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ॻͨ͘ΊͷπʔϧΛ༻ҙ͠·͠ΐ͏
    34
    

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35. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    8PSEɾ&YDFM͸ʠ͋·ΓʡΦεεϝ͠·ͤΜ
    35
    

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36. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    8PSEɾ&YDFM͸ʠ͋·ΓʡΦεεϝ͠·ͤΜ
    σʔλڞ༗ίετ͕ҟৗʹߴ͍
    36
    

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37. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ΋ͬͱବ໨ͳͷ͸
    37
    

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38. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ΋ͬͱବ໨ͳͷ͸
    ॾѱͷࠜݯɺ&YDFMํ؟ࢴ
    38
    

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39. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    8PSE͸ѱ͘͸ͳ͍͚Ͳɾɾɾ
    39
    

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40. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    8PSE͸ѱ͘͸ͳ͍͚Ͳɾɾɾ
    Πϯσϯτͷઃఆ΍ද૊Έͷ໘౗͞
    40
    

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41. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ΠϯσϯτܗࣜɺXJLJه๏ɺ.BSLEPXOه๏͕࢖͑Δπʔϧ
    จॻߏ଄Λهड़Ͱ͖Δπʔϧʢ૷০͸Ұ୴๨ΕΔʣ
    ଞਓͱΦϯɾΦϑϥΠϯڞʹڞ༗ίετ͕௿͍
    ฤूɾมߋཤྺ͕௥͍͔͚ΒΕΔ
    wͦͷҙຯͰ͸ݱ࣌఺Ͱ͸ʮ(4VJUFʯܥ͕࠷ڧ
    wϦΞϧλΠϜͰෳ਺ਓͷಉ࣌ฤू͕Մೳ
    41
    

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42. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    (PPHMF%PDTͰ֮͑Δͷ͸͜Ε͚ͩ
    ݟग़͠ʙ̏
    Ϧετදࣔ
    ൪߸෇͖Ϧετදࣔ
    ໨࣍ઃఆ
    ڧ੍ϖʔδૹΓ
    42
    

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43. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ॻࣜ γϣʔτΧοτ खٕ
    ݟग़͠ PQUJPODPNNBOE
    ݟग़͠ PQUJPODPNNBOE
    ݟग़͠ PQUJPODPNNBOE
    Ϧετදࣔ TIJGUDPNNBOE
    ൪߸෇͖Ϧετදࣔ TIJGUDPNNBOE
    ڧ੍վ ϖʔδม͑Λ͍ͨ͠ߦ಄ͰDPNNBOE&OUFS
    43
    

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44. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    αʔϏγϯΫͰͷࣾ಺จॻϚχϡΞϧൈਮ
    44
    

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45. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    XJLJه๏ɺ.BSLEPXOه๏Λ࢖͍͜ͳ͢
    XJLJه๏ɺ.BSLEPXOه๏ͷͲͪΒͰ΋͍͍
    ͦΕͧΕ࢖͑ΔͳΒ࢖͏͕ʮॻ͘ͷ͕ૣ͘ͳΔʯ͜ͱͰ
    ʮੜ࢈ੑʯ͕͕͋Δ
    ͜ͷͨΊʹ֮͑Δ಺༰ͳΜͯେͨ͠ྔͰ͸ͳ͍
    ࢓ࣄಓ۩ͷ࢖͍ํΛ֮͑ͳ͍ͷ͸ʮड͚ೖΕͳ͍ʯ
    ͱ͍͏࿝Խ
    45
    

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46. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    XJLJه๏ɺ.BSLEPXOه๏Ͱਖ਼͘͠ॻ͘
    ݟग़͠΍ϦετදࣔɺςʔϒϧදࣔͰʮਖ਼͘͠ʯදݱ͢Δ
    ͜ͱ͕ɺݟΔ૬ख΁࠷΋ʮਖ਼͘͠ಡΈऔͬͯ΋Β͑Δʯํ๏
    ଠࣈͰݟग़͠Λදݱͨ͠Γɺߦ಄ʹʮ˙ʯΛ͍ΕΔͷ͸ઈର
    ʹ΍ΊΔʢϓϨʔϯςΩετͷΈͷ࣌Ҏ֎ʣ
    
    ొ࿥લͷʮϓϨϏϡʔʯΛపఈ͠ແବͳมߋཤྺΛ࢒͞ͳ͍
    46
    

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47. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    XJLJه๏Λ࢖͏ͳΒ୯ޠొ࿥͕Φεεϝ
    3FENJOFXJLJͷ৔߹
    w IϨϕϧݟग़͠ʹʮIʯ
    w IϨϕϧݟग़͠ʹʮIʯ
    w ϦετදࣔʹʮϦετදࣔʯ
    #BDLMPHXJLJͷ৔߹
    w IϨϕϧݟग़͠ʹʮݟग़͠ʯ
    w IϨϕϧݟग़͠ʹʮݟग़͠ʯ
    w ϦετදࣔʹʮϦετදࣔʯ
    47
    

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48. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    (PPHMF೔ຊޠͰͷ୯ޠొ࿥ྫ
    48
    

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49. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    Օ৚ॻ͖ͰʮɾʯΛ࢖Θͳ͍
    w ͓͍4IJOɺͳΜͩ͜ͷࢿྉʂ
    ΫϥΠΞϯτग़࣌͢ͷຊจͷϑΥϯτ͸5BIPNBͷ
    ʹ͠Ζͬͯલ΋ݴͬͨ͡Όͳ͍͔ʂ
    w ϫʔυͷՕ৚ॻ͖Λख࡞ۀͰͭ͘Δࣄ͸ઈରݫې
    ͩͬͯݴͬͨͩΖʂ
    Օ৚ॻ͖ػೳ͕͋ΔͷʹɺͳΜͰ࢖Θͳ͍ΜͩΑʂ
    ʮίϐʔຕͱΕͳ͔ͬͨ΅͘ͷධՁΛ೥Ͱܹมͤͨͭ͞ͷ࢓ࣄज़ʯΑΓ
    49
    

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50. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ಡΈ΍͢͞͸ʮվߦʯʹ॓Δ
    w ϫʔυͷՕ৚ॻ͖Λख࡞ۀͰͭ͘Δࣄ͸ઈରݫې
    ͩͬͯݴͬͨͩΖʂՕ৚ॻ͖ػೳ͕͋ΔͷʹɺͳΜ
    Ͱ࢖Θͳ͍ΜͩΑʂ
    w ϫʔυͷՕ৚ॻ͖Λख࡞ۀͰͭ͘Δࣄ͸ઈରݫې
    ͩͬͯݴͬͨͩΖʂ
    Օ৚ॻ͖ػೳ͕͋ΔͷʹɺͳΜͰ࢖Θͳ͍ΜͩΑʂ
    4IJGU&OUFS͕ຊདྷͷʮվߦʯ
    50
    

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51. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ϦϯΫԽͰ͖Δ΋ͷ͸࣮֬ʹϦϯΫԽ
    πʔϧͷΑͬͯଟগ͜ͱͳΓ·͕͢ɺ63-΍νέοτ؅ཧ
    γεςϜͷ*%൪߸ͳͲ͸ࣗಈͰϦϯΫԽͯ͘͠Ε·͢
    ͨͩ͠ʮϦϯΫԽʯ͞ΕΔಛੑΛཧղ͢Δ
    ΄΅πʔϧڞ௨Ͱ͓֮͑ͯ͘΂͖ίπ͸ɾɾɾ
    63-ͱ*%ͷલޙ͸൒֯εϖʔε
    ൒֯εϖʔε͸4IJGUεϖʔε
    51
    

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52. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    લޙͷ൒֯εϖʔεͷ༗ແʹΑΔදࣔͷҧ͍
    52
    

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53. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ೔෇͸ʮ೥݄೔ʯͰॻ͘
    w ʮ໌೔ʹ͸׬ྃ͠·͢ʯͱ͍͏هड़ɻ
    w ʮ໌೔ʯ͕Կ೔͔͕෼͔Δͷ͸ɺॻ͍ͨ೔͚ͩɻ
    w ʮ໌೔ʢ೥݄೔ʣʯͷهड़Ͱɺޙ೔
    ಡΜͰ΋෼͔Δɻ
    53
    

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54. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    จॻΛॻ͘πʔϧΛ࢖͍෼͚Δ
    ཁ͕݅ٸ͗ʹͳΔͱى͜Δͷ͕ʮ࢓༷΍ςετεέδϡʔϧͷܾఆΛνϟοτπʔ
    ϧͰ͓͜ͳ͏ʯ͜ͱ͕ͩ͜Ε͸పఈͯ͠ආ͚Δ΂͖ࣄ߲Ͱ͋Δ
    ϓϩδΣΫτ؅ཧπʔϧɺνϟοτπʔϧɺϝʔϧͳͲͷπʔϧ͕ࠞࡏ͍ͯ͠Δͱ
    ޙ೔ʮͲ͜Ͱ࿈བྷͨ͠ͷ͔ʁʯ͕෼͔Βͳ͘ͳΔ
    νϟοτ͸ɺϓϩδΣΫτ؅ཧπʔϧʹʮίϝϯτΛॻ͍ͨ͜ͱ࿈བྷɾ௨஌ʯͷͨ
    Ίʹ࢖͍ɺϓϩδΣΫτ؅ཧπʔϧଆʹجຊ͢΂ͯͷ৘ใΛू໿͢Δ
    νϟοτπʔϧ͸࿈བྷπʔϧ
    54
    

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55. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ෳ਺ߦͷ୯ޠొ࿥͕Մೳ
    55
    

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56. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    จॻΛॻ͍ͯΈΔ
    4FDUJPO
    56
    

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57. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ͸͡Ίʹ
    จॻΛॻ͘͜ͱ͸Ͳ͏ͯ͠΋ʮϓϩάϥϜΛॻ͍͍ͯͳ͍ʯʮϑΥτγϣοϓΛ
    ৮͍ͬͯͳ͍ʯͱ͍͏৬Ҭͷ࢓ࣄΛ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ײΛ΋ͭਓ͕ଟ͍ɻ
    ͔ͦ͠͠ͷ৬ҬͰ͋Ζ͏ͱʮ΄͏ΕΜͦ͏ʯͷͨΊͷจॻ࡞੒͸ཱ೿ͳʮ࢓ࣄʯͰ
    ͋Γɺͦ͜ʹίετ͕͔͔͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱͷ྆ํΛ֮ࣗ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ
    ʮ͜ͷ࿈བྷ͕࣍ͷਓͷͨΊʹʯͱ͍͏ࢥ͍Λݩʹʮॏཁͳ࢓ࣄΛ͍ͯ͠Δʯͱଊ͑ɺ
    ʮ໘౗͍͘͞ʯʮ࢓ࣄ͍ͯ͠Δײ͕ͳ͍ʯͱઈରʹࢥΘͳ͍Ͱ͍ͩ͘͞ɻ
    จॻΛॻ͘͜ͱ͸ʮ࢓ࣄʯͰ͢
    57
    

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58. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ͸͡Ίʹ
    จॻΛ࡞੒͢Δͷ͸࢓ࣄͰ͔͢Β࠷ऴతʹʹ͸ʮ଎౓ʯ͕ٻΊΒΕ·͢ɻ
    ॻ͘଎౓͕஗͍ਓ͸จॻʹ·ͱΊΔʮࢥߟྗʯ͕Ϗδωε଎౓ʹ௥͍͍͍ͭͯ·ͤ
    Μɻ·ͨϨΠΞ΢τʹ͍ͭͯ΋ʮ׳Εʯ͕ͳ͍ͷͰɺࢼߦࡨޡΛ܁Γฦͯ͠͠·͍
    ·͢ɻ
    ڞʹ࣮ࡍͷจॻ࡞੒ͷྔΛ͜ͳ͢ࣄʹΑͬͯʮܕʯ͕ݟ͑ͯ͘ΔΑ͏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
    จॻ࡞੒ͷ଎౓͸ࢥߟྗͱ׳Ε
    58
    

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59. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ྑ͍จॻͷϙΠϯτ
    ϘΩϟϒϥϦʔ จॻͷߏ଄
    จॻͷߏ੒
    59
    

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60. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    จॻͷߏ੒
    ཁ݅ɾ݁࿦ɾओޠɾ໨తޠ
    ඞͣҙࣝͯ͠ઌʹʮཁ݅ʯ
    ʮ݁࿦ʯʮओޠʯʮ໨తޠʯΛॻ͘
    ͦΕΒ͕෼͔Βͳ͍ͱʮԿͷ࿩Λ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ʁʯͱࢥ͍ͳ͕Βจॻʹ৮Ε
    Δ͜ͱʹͳΓɺલఏ৚͕݅෼͔Βͳ͍૬ख͸ಡΈଓ͚Δͷ͕ۤ௧ʹͳΔ
    60
    

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61. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    จॻͷߏ଄
    ݟग़͠ɾஈམɾϦετ
    จॻͷߏ଄ͷͨΊʹҙࣝ͢Δͷ͸ʮݟग़͠ʯʮஈམʯʮϦετʯͷදࣔͱ੔
    ཧ͕΄΅શͯɻ͜Ε͸)5.-ͷʮจॻߏ଄ʯͷ࿩ͱશ͘ಉ͡ɻ
    ͦΕҎ֎ʹ͸ʮվߦʯͷೖΕํΛจॻͷߏ଄ʹ߹ΘͤͯೖΕΒΕΕ͹ɺਓ͕
    ݟͨ࣌ʹʮಡΈଓ͚ΒΕΔʯʮ೴಺Ͱߏ଄೺Ѳָ͕ʯͳจॻ͕ॻ͚·͢ɻ
    61
    

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62. ϨΠΞ΢τͷࣄΛߟ͑ͣॻ͍ͨ୲౰
    ֓ཁ
    w ΤϯυϢʔβ͕ΠϕϯτԠืϑΥʔϜͰԠืͨ͋͠ͱɺ࠶౓ಉ͡ԠืϑΥʔϜʹΞΫηεͨ͠৔߹ɺԠืཤྺը໘͕
    දࣔ͞ΕΔɻʮϢʔβʹΑΔਃ͠ࠐΈ಺༰ͷมߋʯ͕ઃఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔԠืϑΥʔϜͷ৔߹ɺը໘Լ෦ͷʮਃࠐ಺༰ͷ
    มߋʯϘλϯΛԡԼͰԠืࡁΈ಺༰ͷฤूը໘͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ
    w ͦͷฤूը໘Ͱʮ੺ࣈʯͱʮଠࣈʯͷλά͕ద੾ʹஔ׵͞Ε͓ͯΒͣɺҎԼͷΑ͏ʹɺͦͷ··ग़͍ͯΔɻ
    ςετͰ͢
    ੺ࣈͷ\\੺ࣈ^^ςετ\\੺ࣈ^^Ͱ͢
    ଠࣈͷ\\ଠࣈ^^ςετ\\ଠࣈ^^Ͱ͢
    ςετ
    w ίϯύωଆͰʮϢʔβʹΑΔਃ͠ࠐΈ಺༰ͷมߋʯ͕ઃఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔΠϕϯτɾԠืϑΥʔϜͰҰ౓Ԡื
    w ԠืࡁΈʹͳͬͨޙʹɺ࠶౓ಉ͡ԠืϑΥʔϜʹΞΫηεΛͯ͠ɺը໘Լ෦ͷʮਃࠐ಺༰ͷมߋʯϘλϯΛԡԼ͠ొ
    ࿥಺༰ͷฤूը໘Λදࣔ
    w ฤूը໘Ͱʮ੺ࣈʯͱʮଠࣈʯͷλά͕ਖ਼͘͠ஔ׵͞Ε͍ͯΕ͹0,
    62
    

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63. ϨΠΞ΢τͷࣄΛߟ͑ͣॻ͍ͨ୲౰ˠϦϥΠτͯ͠Έ·ͨ͠
    ֓ཁ
    w ΤϯυϢʔβ͕ΠϕϯτԠืϑΥʔϜͰԠืͨ͋͠ͱɺ࠶౓ಉ͡ԠืϑΥʔϜʹΞΫηεͨ͠৔߹ɺԠืཤྺը໘͕
    දࣔ͞ΕΔɻ
    w ʮϢʔβʹΑΔਃ͠ࠐΈ಺༰ͷมߋʯ͕ઃఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔԠืϑΥʔϜͷ৔߹ɺը໘Լ෦ͷʮਃࠐ಺༰ͷมߋʯϘλϯ
    ΛԡԼͰԠืࡁΈ಺༰ͷฤूը໘͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ
    w ͦͷฤूը໘Ͱʮ੺ࣈʯͱʮଠࣈʯͷλά͕ద੾ʹஔ׵͞Ε͓ͯΒͣɺҎԼͷΑ͏ʹɺͦͷ··ग़͍ͯΔɻ
    ςετͰ͢
    ੺ࣈͷ\\੺ࣈ^^ςετ\\੺ࣈ^^Ͱ͢
    ଠࣈͷ\\ଠࣈ^^ςετ\\ଠࣈ^^Ͱ͢
    ςετ
    w ίϯύωଆͰʮϢʔβʹΑΔਃ͠ࠐΈ಺༰ͷมߋʯ͕ઃఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔΠϕϯτɾԠืϑΥʔϜͰҰ౓Ԡื
    w ԠืࡁΈʹͳͬͨޙʹɺ࠶౓ಉ͡ԠืϑΥʔϜʹΞΫηεΛͯ͠ɺը໘Լ෦ͷʮਃࠐ಺༰ͷมߋʯϘλϯΛԡԼ͠ొ
    ࿥಺༰ͷฤूը໘Λදࣔ
    w ฤूը໘Ͱʮ੺ࣈʯͱʮଠࣈʯͷλά͕ਖ਼͘͠ஔ׵͞Ε͍ͯΕ͹0,
    63
    

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64. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ϘΩϟϒϥϦʔ
    ίϩέʔγϣϯʢ࿈ޠʣ
    ෳ਺ͷ୯ޠ͔ΒͳΔ͕ɺ·ͱ·ͬͨܗͰ୯ޠͱಉ༷ʹ༻͍ΒΕΔݴޠදݱɻ
    ྫ͑͹ʠࣙॻʡͱ͍͏୯ޠͰΑ͘࢖ΘΕΔ૊Έ߹ΘͤͳΒʮࣙॻΛҾ͘ɺࣙ
    ॻͰௐ΂Δɺ෼ް͍ࣙॻʯͳͲͱ͍ͬͨޠ͕۟࿈૝͞Ε·͢ɻ͔͠͠ʮࣙ
    ॻΛಡΉʯͱ͍ͬͨදݱ͸࢖Θͳ͍ɻ
    ୯ޠ͚ͩͰ͸ͳ͘ʮݴ͍ճ͠ʯͱ͍ͬͨ෦෼ΛؚΊͨޠኮྗΛ஁͑Δ
    64
    

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65. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ίϩέʔγϣϯࣙయ
    65
    

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66. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ݴ༿࢖͍ɺ୯ޠ࢖͍
    w அఆతͳจॻΛ৺͕͚Δ
    w ಡΉਓ͸ࣗ෼ΑΓʮ໨্ʯ͔ʮ໨Լʯ͔͸ؔ܎ͳ
    ͍ͷͰඞཁҎ্ʹ΁Γͩͬͨ͘Γ͠ͳ͍
    ಡΉ૬ख͕೥্΍ઌഐͷ৔߹ʹ͸͜͏͍͏ॻ͖ํΛ͕ͪ͠ɾɾɾ
    66
    

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67. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ݴ༿࢖͍ɺ୯ޠ࢖͍
    w ϩάΠϯΛͨ͠ޙͷϝχϡʔը໘Ͱʮ৽نొ࿥ʯΛ
    ԡ͍͖ͯͨͩ͠·͢
    w ͦͷը໘Ͱʮ໊લʯΛೖྗ͍͍ͯͨͩͯ͠ɺʮొ࿥ʯ
    ϘλϯΛԡ͍͖ͯͨͩ͠·͢
    w ͦͷ݁Ռը໘Ͱʮ໊લʯΛදࣔ͢ΔΑ͏ʹͯ͠
    ͍͚ͨͩ·͢Ͱ͠ΐ͏͔ʁ
    67
    

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68. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ϦϥΠτ൛
    w ϩάΠϯΛͨ͠ޙͷϝχϡʔը໘Ͱʮ৽نొ࿥ʯΛΫϦοΫ
    w ͦͷը໘Ͱʮ໊લʯΛೖྗ͠ʮొ࿥ʯϘλϯΛΫϦοΫ
    w ݁Ռը໘Ͱʮ໊લʯΛදࣔ
    ͜ΕͰҙਤ͸఻ΘΔ
    68
    

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69. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ࢥߟΛͦͷ··จॻԽ
    w ϩάΠϯΛͨ͠ޙͷϝχϡʔը໘Ͱʮ৽نొ࿥ʯͷ
    ϦϯΫ͕͋ΔͷͰʮ৽نొ࿥ʯϦϯΫΛΫϦοΫ
    w ભҠͨ͠৽نը໘Ͱʮ໊લʯΛೖྗ͠ɺը໘Լ෦ʹ
    දࣔ͞Ε͍ͯΔϘλϯͷʮొ࿥ʯϘλϯΛԡ͠·͢
    w ͦͷ݁Ռը໘ʹݱࡏදࣔ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ʮ໊લʯΛ
    ը໘্ʹදࣔ͢Δ
    69
    

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70. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ೋॏܟޠɺҙຯͷॏෳ
    w ͓ؾܰʹ͓੠͕͚͍ͩ͘͞
    w ͓࢕͍ͷ݅ʹ͍ͭͯɺ͝ճ౴͍ͨ͠·͢
    w ͓ૹΓͨ͠ࢿྉΛɺ͝ཡʹͳΒΕ·͔ͨ͠ʁ
    w ࢿྉΛഈಡ͍͖ͤͯͨͩ͞·ͨ͠
    w ࢿྉͷ΄͏ɺ͓खݩʹ͓ଗ͍ʹͳΒΕ·ͨ͠Ͱ͠ΐ͏͔ʁ
    w ͓ଧͪ߹ΘͤͷୈҰճ໨
    w ͜͜ʹೀҹΛԡͯ͠Լ͍͞
    w ͓ମΛࣗ͝Ѫ͍ͩ͘͞
    ೋॏܟޠ
    ͘Ͳ͍
    ͘Ͳ͍
    ͝ཡʹͳΓ·ͨ͠Ͱ͠ΐ͏͔ʁ
    ࢿྉ͸ಡΉ΋ͷͳͷͰʮഈಡ͠·ͨ͠ʯ͕ྑ͍
    ͘Ͳ͍
    ࢿྉΛܟͬͯΔݴ͍ํ
    ܟޠޡ༻
    ॏෳදݱ
    ॏෳදݱ ߋʹೀҹ͸ʮॺ໊ʴҹؑʯͷҙຯɻҹ͚ͩͳΒʮԡҹʯ
    ॏෳදݱ
    70
    

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71. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ϝʔϧ΍νέοτͷ໊݅
    ମݴࢭΊ͸ېࢭɻඞͣʮ࣍ͷΞΫγϣϯʯΛҙࣝ͠ɺ۩ମతʹهೖ
    w ʮ݄̋✕೔͔࣌ΒͷوࣾͰͷଧͪ߹ΘͤͷΞδΣϯμʯ
    ʮʓʓͷ࢓༷Λܾఆ͢Δʯ
    ʮʓʓͷ࢓༷Λௐࠪ͢Δʯ
    w ໊݅͸ҰཡදࣔͰ෼͔Γ΍͍͢Α͏ʹɺ໌֬ͳΞΫγϣϯʹ͢ΔࣄͰɺ
    ৄࡉͷ֬ೝʹ࣌ؒΛඅ΍͢͜ͱΛ๷ࢭ͠·͢ɻ
    ҎԼ͕๬·͘͠ͳ͍ॻ͖ํͷέʔεελσΟͱͯ͠ೝࣝ
    w ʮ୅ߦߋ৽͢Δલͷձһ$.4ͷঢ়ଶͷ֬ೝʹ͍ͭͯʯ
    w ʮެ։ෆ۩߹ʹؔͯ͠ʯ
    71
    

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72. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ϓϩδΣΫτ؅ཧπʔϧͰͷίϝϯτͷฦ͠ํ
    Լه͸৘ใܽ೗Ͱʮฉ͖ฦ͠ʯ͕ൃੜ͢Δ΋ͷͱཧղ͠
    ඞͣهड़͢Δ
    w ը໘໊ʢ63-ʣ
    w ૢ࡞खॱ
    w ൃੜࣄ৅
    w ظ଴͢Δ݁Ռ
    w 04ʢόʔδϣϯʣ
    w ϒϥ΢βʢόʔδϣϯʣ
    72
    

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73. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ϓϩδΣΫτ؅ཧπʔϧͰͷίϝϯτͷฦ͠ํ
    w ৚݅ϚτϦΫε΍ॲཧύλʔϯΛٞ࿦͢Δ৔߹͸ɺจষʹཔΒͣ଎΍͔ʹ
    ਤදʹ·ͱΊΔ
    w ࢦࣔ୅໊ࢺ͸/(ɻ࢓༷ೝࣝᴥᴪͷԹচʹͳΓ·͢
    w ௕จ΋ආ͚ΔɻՕ৚ॻ͖͢ΔͳͲ૬खʹ؆ܿʹਖ਼͘͠఻͑ΔͨΊͷࢥ͍΍ΓΛ
    ࣋ͭ
    w ෆ۩߹ͳͲٸ͍Ͱ֓ཁͰىථͯ͠ɺޙͰৄ͘͠ॻ͘͸ઈରॻ͖·ͤΜ
    w ෆ۩߹ௐࠪ͸ɺॳಈͷ৘ใྔͰରԠ଎౓͕େ෯ʹมΘΔͷͰɺ߄ͯͣ૽͕ͣ
    མͪண͍ͯىථ͢Δ
    w ౤ߘ͢Δલʹਂݺٵͯ͠ɺਪᏏ͠ɺϓϨϏϡʔͰݟ͔ͯΒ౤ߘ
    73
    

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74. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ࢦࣔޠ͸ਖ਼֬ʹ
    Ұจࣈ΋ؒҧ͍ͳ͍هड़
    ۩ମతͳࢦࣔͷ৔߹ʹ͸ɺඞͣʮҰจࣈ΋ؒҧ͍͑ͯͳ͍ਖ਼໊͍͠শʯΛهड़
    w ΈΜͳͷڞ௨ݴޠ͔ͩΒɺ͜ͷॻ͖ํͰ΋෼͔ΔͩΖ͏
    w Կͷ࿩Λ͍ͯ͠Δ͔͸େ࿮ॻ͍͍ͯΔΜ͔ͩΒɺ͜ͷॻ͖ํͰ΋΄ͱΜͲͷਓ
    ͸ཧղग़དྷΔͰ͠ΐʁ
    ͸ෆཧղͷԹচʹͳΓ·͢ɻ
    74
    

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75. ୯ޠΛ౷Ұ͠ͳ͍Ͱॻ͍ͪΌͬͨ୲౰ऀ
    ֓ཁ
    w ΤϯυϢʔβ͕ΠϕϯτԠืϑΥʔϜͰԠืͨ͋͠ͱɺ࠶౓ಉ͡ԠืϑΥʔϜʹΞΫηεͨ͠৔߹ɺԠืཤྺը໘͕
    දࣔ͞ΕΔ
    w ʮϢʔβʹΑΔਃ͠ࠐΈ಺༰ͷมߋʯ͕ઃఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔԠืϑΥʔϜͷ৔߹ɺը໘Լ෦ͷʮਃࠐ಺༰ͷมߋʯϘλϯ
    ΛԡԼͰԠืࡁΈ಺༰ͷฤूը໘͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ
    w ͦͷฤूը໘Ͱʮ੺ࣈʯͱʮଠࣈʯͷλά͕ద੾ʹஔ׵͞Ε͓ͯΒͣɺҎԼͷΑ͏ʹɺͦͷ··ग़͍ͯΔɻ
    ςετͰ͢
    ੺ࣈͷ\\੺ࣈ^^ςετ\\੺ࣈ^^Ͱ͢
    ଠࣈͷ\\ଠࣈ^^ςετ\\ଠࣈ^^Ͱ͢
    ςετ
    w ίϯύωଆͰʮϢʔβʹΑΔਃ͠ࠐΈ಺༰ͷมߋʯ͕ઃఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔΠϕϯτɾԠืϑΥʔϜͰҰ౓Ԡื
    w ԠืࡁΈʹͳͬͨޙʹɺ࠶౓ಉ͡ԠืϑΥʔϜʹΞΫηεΛͯ͠ɺը໘Լ෦ͷʮਃࠐ಺༰ͷมߋʯϘλϯΛԡԼ͠ొ
    ࿥಺༰ͷฤूը໘Λදࣔ
    w ฤूը໘Ͱʮ੺ࣈʯͱʮଠࣈʯͷλά͕ਖ਼͘͠ஔ׵͞Ε͍ͯΕ͹0,
    75
    

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76. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ֓Ͷ߹͍ͬͯΔ͸ਖ਼͘͠ͳ͍
    ૬ख΁ͷࢥ͍΍Γͷܽ೗
    w ϔϧϓͰೖͬͨਓʹ΋෼͔Γ·͔͢ʁ
    w ͋ͱͰݟฦͨ͠ͱ͖ʹ෼͔Γ·͔͢ʁ
    w ࣅͨΑ͏ͳهड़͕ଞʹ΋͋ͬͨ৔߹ɺͲͬͪΛ͍ࣔͯ͠Δ͔
    ݫີʹ෼͔Γ·͔͢ʁ
    w ฉ͖ฦ͞ΕΔՄೳੑ͸͋Γ·ͤΜ͔ʁ
    76
    

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77. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    աڈ͍ΘΕͯͱͯ΋ࠔͬͨ࿈བྷ಺༰
    ϑΥʔϜͰϨΠΞ΢τ่͕Εͯ·͢
    ࣸਅαΠζʹΑͬͯඍົͳײ͡ʹͳΓ·͢
    77
    ݴΘΕͨํ͸શ͘෼͔Βͳ͍
    ʢϑΥʔϜͷ࿩͸63-͕ෆ໌ͱ͍͏ҙຯʣ
    

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78. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ·ͱΊ
    -BTU4FDUJPO
    78
    

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79. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ఻ΘΒͳ͍จॻͷ൵ܶ
    w Ͱ্͖͕ͬͨ΋ͷ͕ࣗ෼ͷҙਤͱҧ͏
    w ࡞Γ௚͠ʹͳΔ
    w Ϝμͱ΋ࢥ͑Δ࿈བྷͷ΍ΓͱΓ͕ଓ͖ɺ͚͕࣌ؒͩ
    ա͍͗ͯ͘
    w ελοϑͷؾ͕࣋ͪ཭Ε͍ͯ͘
    w ελοϑʹΠϥΠϥ͕ืΔ
    79
    

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80. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ఻ΘΔจॻ͸ࣗ෼΋஥ؒ΋ٹ͏
    w ͜ͷηϛφʔͰ఻͑ͨ͜ͱ͕ॻ͔Ε͍ͯΔจॻͰ͋Ε͹ɺޙ೔ʹୈࡾऀ͕
    ݟͯ΋ཧղͰ͖·͢ɻ
    w ਺೥ޙʹҙຯෆ໌ͳ࣮૷࢓༷Ͱ͋ͬͯ΋ɺਖ਼͘͠ܦҢͳͲΛهࡌ͓ͯ͘͠
    ͜ͱͰʮཧෆਚͳόάѻ͍ʯΛ͏͚Δ͜ͱ΋ͳ͘ͳΓ·͢
    w ఻ΘΔจॻ͕ະདྷͷࣗ෼ͱ஥ؒΛकΔ͜ͱʹͳΔͷͰ͢ʂ
    80
    

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81. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ୭͕Ͳ͏ݟͯ΋ͦ͏ͱ͔͠
    ड͚औΕͳ͍จॻज़
    ࠷ॏཁΩʔϫʔυ
    81
    

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82. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ελοϑืूͷ͓஌Βͤ
    82
    ͦΜͳαʔϏγϯΫͰ͸ݱࡏԼهͷ৬छΛืू͍ͯ͠·͢ɻαʔϏγϯΫʹڵຯ͕͋Δํ͸ɺਓࡐҭ੒΍࠾༻ʹର͢Δߟ͑ํΛఆظత
    ʹߋ৽ܝࡌ͠ଓ͚͍ͯΔ౰ࣾαΠτʢIUUQTTFSWJUIJOLDPKQCMPHʣ΋߹Θͤͯ͝ཡͷ্ɺͥͻ͝Ԡื͍ͩ͘͞ɻ
    w1)1ΤϯδχΞʢडୗࣄۀ৽نࣄۀʣडୗҊ݅ɾࣗࣾ։ൃҊ݅ͷ8FCΞϓϦɺωΠςΟϒΞϓϦ։ൃ
    w8FCσΟϨΫλʔʢडୗࣄۀ৽نࣄۀʣडୗҊ݅ɾࣗࣾ։ൃҊ݅ͷاըɾઃܭɾҊ݅ͷਐߦ؅ཧ
    w8FCσβΠφʔʢडୗࣄۀʣडୗҊ݅ʹ͓͚ΔϏδϡΞϧΛؚΉʮσβΠϯʯઃܭɾ࡞੒
    wϚʔΫΞοϓΤϯδχΞʢडୗࣄۀʣडୗҊ݅ʹ͓͚ΔϑϩϯτΤϯυଆͷઃܭɾ։ൃ
    גࣜձࣾαʔϏγϯΫʢIUUQTTFSWJUIJOLDPKQʣ
    ೥ઃཱͷෆಈ࢈ۀքಛԽܕͷ8FCγεςϜ։ൃɾ8FC੍࡞ɺෆಈ࢈ςοΫࣄۀΛߦ͏ձࣾɻࣗࣾͰاըཱҊʙσβΠϯʙ੍࡞ʙ։ൃʙΠϯϑϥߏஙʙ
    อकΛશͯडୗ͓ͯ͠Γɺେखෆಈ࢈اۀͱ௚ܖ໿Ͱத௕ظతͳҊ݅ʹܞΘΔɻࣾһ͸໊ɻ୅ද͸ෆಈ࢈ݕࡧϙʔλϧʮ-*'6--)0.&ʟ4ʯͷ૑ۀظʹ
    ܞΘΓɺ೥ʹ౉ͬͯʮෆಈ࢈ʷ8FCʯΛѻ͏εϖγϟϦετɻ
    डୗ੍࡞ͷΈͳΒͣɺ೥ΑΓ͜Ε·Ͱͷϊ΢ϋ΢ΛࣗࣾαʔϏεʹ౤Լ͠ɺෆಈ࢈ۀքಛԽͷνϟοταʔϏεʮΞτϦΫʯΛ࢝Ίͱͨࣗࣾ͠αʔϏε
    ͷࣄۀԽ΋։࢝ɻ
    

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83. $PQZSJHIU $
    4FSWJUIJOL$P -UE"MM3JHIUT3FTFSWFE
    ͋ΒΏΔαʔϏεΛγϯΫ͢Δ
    83
    

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