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TypeScript, future and past
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othree
May 15, 2015
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Modern Web Conference 2015
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Transcript
TypeScript future and past othree @ modern web conf
Notice Codes in this slide might be invalid
Notice Codes in this slide might be invalid Even in
the future
Type • JavaScript is dynamic type • No type check
at compile time and run time
var hey hey = 1 hey = 'this is string'
hey = false
int hey hey = 1 hey = 'this is string'
// Error hey = false // Error
Pros • Compiler optimization • Reliability for large scale app
• IDE support http://stackoverflow.com/questions/125367/dynamic-type-languages-versus-static-type-languages
麕
ECMAScript 4 • Lots of new features • Type annotation
• Static type check http://www.ecmascript.org/es4/spec/overview.pdf
var hey:number hey = 1 hey = 'this is string’
// TypeError hey = false // TypeError
var ho = { id: 123, desc: "hoho" } :
{ id: int, desc: string }
type Tuple = { id: int, desc: string } var
ho = { id: 123, desc: "hoho" } : Tuple
ECMAScript 4 • Deprecated to be ECMAScript standard • Live
in ActionScript 3 • Flash, Flex
植㖈
• Type in compile to JavaScript languages
None
TypeScript • Microsoft, 2012 • Add type and several features
to JavaScript(ES5) • JavaScript Superset
TypeScript Type Class Generics Module
Type • Optional type annotation • Compile time type check
• Type definition file
var hey:number hey = 1 hey = 'this is string’
// Error hey = false // Error
var hey:number hey = 1 hey = 'this is string’
// Compile Error hey = false // Compile Error
var hey hey = 1
interface Tuple { id: number; desc: string; } var ho:Tuple
= { id: 123, desc: "hoho" }
Definition File • Like C++ header file • Define library
interface • File extension: .d.ts • Work with Visual Studio, TernJS
None
700+ libs
None
Projects • AngularJS 2 • Asana • Immutable.js • Shumway
by Mozilla
TypeScript 1.5+ • Align to ECMAScript 6 • Use native
module and class • More ECMAScript 6 features http://blogs.msdn.com/b/typescript/archive/2014/10/22/typescript-and-the-road-to-2-0.aspx
http://goo.gl/pwk6Pb
http://goo.gl/pwk6Pb
Angular Team not Satisfy
AtScript • Google Angular Team, 2014 • Annotation, Introspection •
At means @
http://atscript.org
http://goo.gl/pwk6Pb
http://goo.gl/pwk6Pb
Annotation • 垦鏽 • Store meta data • Accessible in
runtime • Like Java annotation
@Memorize function fib(n) { if (n < 2) { return
n } return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2) }
function fib(n) { if (n < 2) { return n
} return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2) } fib.annotations = [ new Memorize() ]
Runtime Readable • Use `new` to create a new instance
• Store under `annotations`
Introspection • Ⰹ溁 • Runtime type check
Runtime Type Check • No magic • Add code to
check type • Use assert.js
None
function fib(n:number):number { if (n < 2) { return n
} return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2) }
function fib(n) { assert.argumentTypes(n, number) if (n < 2) {
return assert.returnType((n), number) } return assert.returnType( (fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)), number ) }
function fib(n) { assert.argumentTypes(n, number) if (n < 2) {
return assert.returnType((n), number) } return assert.returnType( (fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)), number ) }
function fib(n) { assert.argumentTypes(n, number) if (n < 2) {
return assert.returnType((n), number) } return assert.returnType( (fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)), number ) }
function fib(n) { assert.argumentTypes(n, number); if (n < 2) {
return assert.returnType((n), number); } return assert.returnType( (fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)), number ); }
Performance Impact • Yes, of course • Only run type
check at development time • Compile to no type check version for production
AtScript Compiler • Use traceur with options
AtScript Playground • Traceur environment ready for play https://github.com/angular/atscript-playground
https://github.com/angular/atscript-playground/blob/master/config.json { "traceur": { "modules": "amd", "script": false, "types": true,
"typeAssertions": true, "typeAssertionModule": "assert", "annotations": true, "sourceMaps": "file" } }
{ "traceur": { "modules": "amd", "script": false, "types": true, "typeAssertions":
true, "typeAssertionModule": "assert", "annotations": true, "sourceMaps": "file" } } https://github.com/angular/atscript-playground/blob/master/config.json
Facebook want Their Own Solution
Flow • Facebook’s static type checker • Compatible with TypeScript’s
syntax • Several difference
None
Difference • Doesn’t compile ES6 to ES5 • Scalability, flow
analysis • More types, ex: maybe, non-nullable • Integrated with JSX http://www.2ality.com/2014/10/typed-javascript.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8x0bc81smU
劢⢵
Old Proposals Types Old proposal (2009) Guards Convenient syntax for
Trademarks Trademarks Newer proposal (2011) by Waldemar Horwat
Old Proposals Types http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=strawman:types Guards http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=strawman:guards Trademarks http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=strawman:trademarks
Type var ho = { id: 123, desc: "hoho" }
: { id: int, desc: string }
Guard var ho = { id :: Integer : 123,
desc :: String : "hoho" }
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGdnh8QSPPk
http://goo.gl/pwk6Pb
Now • AtScript no more activity • Angular 2.0 uses
TypeScript • TypeScript might merge to ES.next
• Microsoft, Google, Facebook are talking together about type in
ECMAScript
SoundScript • V8 experiment • TypeScript compatible syntax • —strong-mode
https://developers.google.com/v8/experiments#sound
"use stricter+types";
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1v38H64XQBNT1p2XzFGWWhCR1k/view
One more thing
Annotation • Metadata will be parse and use by compiler
and runtime • Type annotation tells the variable data type to compiler
• How about we want declare some characteristic on objects,
methods? • memorize • readonly • ….
Decorator • Syntax sugar • Looks like annotation • Like
Python decorator • by Yehuda Katz
https://github.com/rwaldron/tc39-notes/blob/master/es6/2014-04/apr-10.md#decorators-for-es7
https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/1557#issuecomment-77709527
https://github.com/wycats/javascript-decorators
class M { @memorize fib(n) { if (n < 2)
{ return n } return this.fib(n - 1) + this.fib(n - 2) } }
class M { @memorize fib(n) { if (n < 2)
{ return n } return this.fib(n - 1) + this.fib(n - 2) } }
var M = (function () { class M { fib(n)
{ if (n < 2) { return n } return this.fib(n - 1) + this.fib(n - 2) } } var _temp _temp = memorize(Foo.prototype, "fib") || _temp if (_temp) Object.defineProperty(M.prototype, "fib", _temp) return M })()
function memorize(target, name, descriptor) { let getter = descriptor.get, setter
= descriptor.set; descriptor.get = function() { let table = memorizationFor(this); if (name in table) { return table[name]; } return table[name] = getter.call(this); } descriptor.set = function(val) { let table = memorizationFor(this); setter.call(this, val); table[name] = val; } return descriptor; } https://github.com/wycats/javascript-decorators
http://goo.gl/pwk6Pb
None
https://github.com/jonathandturner/brainstorming
• Another version by Jonathan Turner • Work for TypeScript
at Microsoft • TC39 member, work for decorator now
Questions?