Conhecendo as Entranhas do Rails

Por Rafael França, na RubyConf Brasil 2012.

1. Conhecendo as entranhas do Rails
2. Rails 4
3. Rafael França github.com/ twitter.com/ rafaelfranca rafaelfranca
5. Open Source Love We
6. Devise SimpleForm InheritedResources Responders show_for I18nAlchemy rails-api
7. SimpleForm Maintainer Rails Commiter
9. #FridayHug
10. Rails 4
11. OMG! RAILS 4
12. Ruby 1.8
13. Ruby 1.9
14. rails-api Mailer Assíncrono Sistema de notificações Outras features
15. rails-api http://github.com/spastorino/rails-api
16. A stack default do Rails lida com o browser
17. Montar uma nova stack
18. Processo de inicialização Middleware Stack Controllers
19. Stack Middleware
20. Middleware Stack Rack::Cache ActionDispatch::SSL Rack::Sendfile ActionDispatch::Static Rack::Lock Rack::Runtime Rack::MethodOverride ActionDispatch::RequestId Rails::Rack::Logger ActionDispatch::ShowExceptions ActionDispatch::DebugExceptions ActionDispatch::RemoteIp ActionDispatch::Reloader ActionDispatch::Callbacks ActionDispatch::Cookies ActionDispatch::Session::CookieStore ActionDispatch::Flash ActionDispatch::ParamsParser Rack::Head Rack::ConditionalGet Rack::ETag ActionDispatch::BestStandardsSupport Rails
21. Middleware Stack Rack::Cache ActionDispatch::SSL Rack::Sendfile ActionDispatch::Static Rack::Lock Rack::Runtime Rack::MethodOverride ActionDispatch::RequestId Rails::Rack::Logger ActionDispatch::ShowExceptions ActionDispatch::DebugExceptions ActionDispatch::RemoteIp ActionDispatch::Reloader ActionDispatch::Callbacks ActionDispatch::Cookies ActionDispatch::Session::CookieStore ActionDispatch::Flash ActionDispatch::ParamsParser Rack::Head Rack::ConditionalGet Rack::ETag ActionDispatch::BestStandardsSupport rails-api
22. rails-api $ rails new normal_application $ cd normal_application $ rake middleware RAILS_ENV=production | wc -l $ rails-api new api_application $ cd api_application $ rake middleware RAILS_ENV=production | wc -l 22 17
23. Processo de inicialização
24. Rails::Railtie Rails::Engine Rails::Application
25. Rails::Railtie # railties/lib/rails/all.rb require "rails" %w( active_record action_controller action_mailer rails/test_unit sprockets/rails ).each do |framework| begin require "#{framework}/railtie" rescue LoadError end end
26. module ActiveRecord class Railtie < Rails::Railtie config.active_record = ActiveSupport::OrderedOptions.new config.app_generators.orm :active_record, :migration => true, :timestamps => true config.app_middleware.insert_after "::ActionDispatch::Callbacks", "ActiveRecord::QueryCache" # ... config.action_dispatch.rescue_responses.merge!( 'ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound' => :not_found, 'ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError' => :conflict, 'ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid' => :unprocessable_entity, 'ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved' => :unprocessable_entity ) rake_tasks do # ... end console do |app| # ... end end end Rails::Railtie
27. module ActiveRecord class Railtie < Rails::Railtie config.active_record = ActiveSupport::OrderedOptions.new config.app_generators.orm :active_record, :migration => true, :timestamps => true config.app_middleware.insert_after "::ActionDispatch::Callbacks", "ActiveRecord::QueryCache" # ... end end Rails::Railtie
28. module ActiveRecord class Railtie < Rails::Railtie config.active_record = ActiveSupport::OrderedOptions.new config.app_generators.orm :active_record, :migration => true, :timestamps => true config.app_middleware.insert_after "::ActionDispatch::Callbacks", "ActiveRecord::QueryCache" # ... end end Rails::Railtie
29. module ActiveRecord class Railtie < Rails::Railtie config.active_record = ActiveSupport::OrderedOptions.new config.app_generators.orm :active_record, :migration => true, :timestamps => true config.app_middleware.insert_after "::ActionDispatch::Callbacks", "ActiveRecord::QueryCache" # ... end end Rails::Railtie
30. module ActiveRecord class Railtie < Rails::Railtie # ... config.action_dispatch.rescue_responses.merge!( 'ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound' => :not_found, 'ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError' => :conflict, 'ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid' => :unprocessable_entity, 'ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved' => :unprocessable_entity ) # ... end end Rails::Railtie
31. module ActiveRecord class Railtie < Rails::Railtie # ... rake_tasks do # ... end console do |app| # ... end end end Rails::Railtie
32. Rails::Railtie Rails::Engine Rails::Application
33. Rails::Engine module Devise class Engine < ::Rails::Engine config.app_middleware.use Warden::Manager do |config| Devise.warden_config = config end config.before_eager_load { |app| app.reload_routes! } initializer "devise.url_helpers" do # ... end initializer "devise.omniauth" do |app| # ... end end end https://github.com/plataformatec/devise
34. Rails::Engine module Devise class Engine < ::Rails::Engine config.app_middleware.use Warden::Manager do |config| Devise.warden_config = config end config.before_eager_load { |app| app.reload_routes! } initializer "devise.url_helpers" do # ... end initializer "devise.omniauth" do |app| # ... end end end https://github.com/plataformatec/devise
35. Rails::Engine module Devise class Engine < ::Rails::Engine config.app_middleware.use Warden::Manager do |config| Devise.warden_config = config end config.before_eager_load { |app| app.reload_routes! } initializer "devise.url_helpers" do # ... end initializer "devise.omniauth" do |app| # ... end end end https://github.com/plataformatec/devise
36. Rails::Engine module Devise class Engine < ::Rails::Engine config.app_middleware.use Warden::Manager do |config| Devise.warden_config = config end config.before_eager_load { |app| app.reload_routes! } initializer "devise.url_helpers" do # ... end initializer "devise.omniauth" do |app| # ... end end end https://github.com/plataformatec/devise
37. module MyEngine class Engine < Rails::Engine endpoint MyRackApplication end end Rails::Engine
38. Mountable Engines # ENGINE/config/routes.rb MyBlogEngine::Engine.routes.draw do resources :posts do resources :comments end end MyRailsApp::Application.routes.draw do mount MyBlogEngine::Engine => "/blog" end
39. Isolated Engines module MyBlog class Engine < Rails::Engine end end MyBlog::Engine.routes.draw do resources :posts end MyRailsApp::Application.routes.draw do resources :posts mount MyBlog::Engine => "/blog" end posts_path # => PostsController#index
40. Isolated Engines module MyBlog class Engine < Rails::Engine isolate_namespace MyBlog end end MyBlog::Engine.routes.draw do resources :posts end posts_path # => MyBlog::PostsController#index
41. Isolated Engines # config/routes.rb MyApplication::Application.routes.draw do mount MyBlog::Engine => "/blog", :as => "my_blog" get "/foo" => "foo#index" end
42. Isolated Engines # config/routes.rb MyApplication::Application.routes.draw do mount MyBlog::Engine => "/blog", :as => "my_blog" get "/foo" => "foo#index" end
43. Isolated Engines class FooController < ApplicationController def index my_blog.root_url #=> /blog/ end end
44. Isolated Engines module MyEngine class BarController def index main_app.foo_path #=> /foo end end end
45. Rails::Railtie Rails::Engine Rails::Application
46. Rails::Application module MyProject class Application < Rails::Application config.i18n.default_locale = "pt-BR" config.encoding = "utf-8" config.filter_parameters += [:password] config.generators do |g| g.orm :mongoid g.test_framework :rspec g.stylesheets false end end end
47. Rails::Application module MyProject class Application < Rails::Application config.i18n.default_locale = "pt-BR" config.encoding = "utf-8" config.filter_parameters += [:password] config.generators do |g| g.orm :mongoid g.test_framework :rspec g.stylesheets false end end end
48. Rails::Application module MyProject class Application < Rails::Application config.i18n.default_locale = "pt-BR" config.encoding = "utf-8" config.filter_parameters += [:password] config.generators do |g| g.orm :mongoid g.test_framework :rspec g.stylesheets false end end end
49. Rails::Application module MyProject class Application < Rails::Application config.i18n.default_locale = "pt-BR" config.encoding = "utf-8" config.filter_parameters += [:password] config.generators do |g| g.orm :mongoid g.test_framework :rspec g.stylesheets false end end end
50. ActionController ::Metal
51. AbstractController::Base ActionController::Metal ActionController::Base ActionMailer::Base
52. ActionController::Metal class HelloController < ActionController::Metal include ActionController::Rendering append_view_path "#{Rails.root}/app/views" def index render "hello/index" end end
53. ActionController::API ActionController::UrlFor ActionController::Redirecting ActionController::Rendering ActionController::Renderers::All ActionController::ConditionalGet ActionController::ForceSSL ActionController::RackDelegation ActionController::DataStreaming AbstractController::Callbacks ActionController::Instrumentation ActionController::Rescue ActionController::HideActions https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/c0b69630/ actionpack/lib/action_controller/base.rb#L183-225
54. Processo de inicialização Middleware Stack Controllers
55. https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/ 6db930cb5bbff9ad824590b5844e04768de240b1
56. Precisamos provasde
57. Assíncronos Mailers
58. class UsersController < ActionController::Base def create @user = User.new params[:user] if @user.save UserMailer.deliver_welcome_email @user end respond_with @user end end Rails 3
59. Criar usuário
60. Criar usuário Enviar Email
61. Criar usuário Enviar Email Renderizar View
62. Criar usuário
63. Criar usuário Enviar Email Renderizar View
64. class UsersController < ActionController::Base def create @user = User.new params[:user] if @user.save UserMailer.deliver_welcome_email @user end respond_with @user end end Rails 3
65. class UsersController < ActionController::Base def create @user = User.new params[:user] if @user.save UserMailer.deliver_welcome_email @user end respond_with @user end end Rails 4
66. # app/mailers/user_mailer.rb class UserMailer < ActionMailer::Base self.async = true def welcome_email # ... end end Rails 4
67. # app/mailers/user_mailer.rb class UserMailer < ActionMailer::Base self.async = true def welcome_email # ... end end Rails 4
68. # config/application.rb config.action_mailer.async = true Rails 4
69. API Queue
70. Sidekiq STDlib Queue Resque DelayedJob
71. Queue API Rails.queue.push SomeJob.new job = Rails.queue.pop job.run
72. # config/application.rb config.queue = Rails::Queueing::Queue Rails.queue[:mail_queue] = SomeQueue.new
73. Notificações Sistema de
74. class ExplainSubscriber # :nodoc: def start(name, id, payload) # unused end def finish(name, id, payload) if queries = Thread.current[:queries] unless ignore_payload?(payload) queries << payload.values_at(:sql, :binds) end end end ActiveSupport::Notifications. subscribe("sql.active_record", new) end
75. class ExplainSubscriber # :nodoc: def start(name, id, payload) # unused end def finish(name, id, payload) if queries = Thread.current[:queries] unless ignore_payload?(payload) queries << payload.values_at(:sql, :binds) end end end ActiveSupport::Notifications. subscribe("sql.active_record", new) end
76. class ExplainSubscriber # :nodoc: def start(name, id, payload) # unused end def finish(name, id, payload) if queries = Thread.current[:queries] unless ignore_payload?(payload) queries << payload.values_at(:sql, :binds) end end end ActiveSupport::Notifications. subscribe("sql.active_record", new) end
77. class ExplainSubscriber # :nodoc: def start(name, id, payload) # unused end def finish(name, id, payload) if queries = Thread.current[:queries] unless ignore_payload?(payload) queries << payload.values_at(:sql, :binds) end end end ActiveSupport::Notifications. subscribe("sql.active_record", new) end
78. def log(sql, name = "SQL", binds = []) @instrumenter.instrument( "sql.active_record", :sql => sql, :name => name, :connection_id => object_id, :binds => binds) { yield } # ... end log(sql, name) { @connection.execute(sql) }
79. def log(sql, name = "SQL", binds = []) @instrumenter.instrument( "sql.active_record", :sql => sql, :name => name, :connection_id => object_id, :binds => binds) { yield } # ... end log(sql, name) { @connection.execute(sql) }
80. def log(sql, name = "SQL", binds = []) @instrumenter.instrument( "sql.active_record", :sql => sql, :name => name, :connection_id => object_id, :binds => binds) { yield } # ... end log(sql, name) { @connection.execute(sql) }
81. def log(sql, name = "SQL", binds = []) @instrumenter.instrument( "sql.active_record", :sql => sql, :name => name, :connection_id => object_id, :binds => binds) { yield } # ... end log(sql, name) { @connection.execute(sql) }
82. def log(sql, name = "SQL", binds = []) @instrumenter.instrument( "sql.active_record", :sql => sql, :name => name, :connection_id => object_id, :binds => binds) { yield } # ... end log(sql, name) { @connection.execute(sql) }
83. def logging_query_plan # ... begin queries = current[:queries] = [] start = Time.now result = yield if Time.now - start > threshold logger.warn(exec_explain(queries)) end result ensure current[:queries] = nil end end
84. def logging_query_plan # ... begin queries = current[:queries] = [] start = Time.now result = yield if Time.now - start > threshold logger.warn(exec_explain(queries)) end result ensure current[:queries] = nil end end
85. def logging_query_plan # ... begin queries = current[:queries] = [] start = Time.now result = yield if Time.now - start > threshold logger.warn(exec_explain(queries)) end result ensure current[:queries] = nil end end
86. def logging_query_plan # ... begin queries = current[:queries] = [] start = Time.now result = yield if Time.now - start > threshold logger.warn(exec_explain(queries)) end result ensure current[:queries] = nil end end
87. class ExplainSubscriber # :nodoc: def start(name, id, payload) # unused end def finish(name, id, payload) if queries = Thread.current[:queries] unless ignore_payload?(payload) queries << payload.values_at(:sql, :binds) end end end ActiveSupport::Notifications. subscribe("sql.active_record", new) end
88. class ExplainSubscriber # :nodoc: def start(name, id, payload) # unused end def finish(name, id, payload) if queries = Thread.current[:queries] unless ignore_payload?(payload) queries << payload.values_at(:sql, :binds) end end end ActiveSupport::Notifications. subscribe("sql.active_record", new) end
89. class ExplainSubscriber # :nodoc: def start(name, id, payload) # unused end def finish(name, id, payload) if queries = Thread.current[:queries] unless ignore_payload?(payload) queries << payload.values_at(:sql, :binds) end end end ActiveSupport::Notifications. subscribe("sql.active_record", new) end
90. logging_query_plan { User.joins(:comments).to_a }
91. Features Outras
92. Routing Concerns
93. # config/routes.rb MyApp::Application.routes.draw do resources :messages { resources :comments } resources :forwards { resources :comments } resources :uploads { resources :comments } resources :documents { resources :comments } resources :todos { resources :comments } end
94. # config/routes.rb MyApp::Application.routes.draw do resources :messages { resources :comments } resources :forwards { resources :comments } resources :uploads { resources :comments } resources :documents { resources :comments } resources :todos { resources :comments } end
95. # config/routes.rb MyApp::Application.routes.draw do concerns :commentable do resources :comments end resources :messages, :forwards, :uploads, :documents, :todos, :concerns => :commentable end
96. # config/routes.rb MyApp::Application.routes.draw do concerns :commentable do resources :comments end resources :messages, :forwards, :uploads, :documents, :todos, :concerns => :commentable end
97. # config/routes.rb MyApp::Application.routes.draw do concerns :commentable do resources :comments end resources :messages, :forwards, :uploads, :documents, :todos, :concerns => :commentable end
98. # config/routes.rb MyApp::Application.routes.draw do concerns :commentable do resources :comments end resources :messages, :forwards, :uploads, :documents, :todos, :concerns => :commentable end
99. Parameters Strong
100. class PeopleController < ApplicationController def create person = Person.create(params[:person]) respond_with person end end class Person < ActiveRecord::Base attr_accessible :name, :age end Rails 3
101. class PeopleController < ApplicationController def create person = Person.create(params[:person]) respond_with person end end class Person < ActiveRecord::Base attr_accessible :name, :age end Rails 3
102. class PeopleController < ApplicationController def create person = Person.create(params[:person]) respond_with person end end class Person < ActiveRecord::Base attr_accessible :name, :age end Rails 3
103. class PeopleController < ApplicationController def create person = Person.create(params[:person]) respond_with person end end class Person < ActiveRecord::Base attr_accessible :name, :age end Rails 3
104. class Person include ActiveRecord::Model end class PeopleController < ApplicationController def create person = Person.create(params[:person]) # BOOM!!!! respond_with person end end Rails 4
105. class Person include ActiveRecord::Model end class PeopleController < ApplicationController def create person = Person.create(params[:person]) # BOOM!!!! respond_with person end end Rails 4
106. class Person include ActiveRecord::Model end class PeopleController < ApplicationController def create person = Person.create(params[:person]) # BOOM!!!! respond_with person end end Rails 4
107. class Person include ActiveRecord::Model end class PeopleController < ApplicationController def create person = Person.create(params[:person]) # BOOM!!!! respond_with person end end Rails 4
108. class PeopleController < ApplicationController def update person = Person.find(params[:id]) person.update_attributes(person_params) respond_with person end private def person_params params.require(:person).permit(:name, :age) end end Rails 4
109. class PeopleController < ApplicationController def update person = Person.find(params[:id]) person.update_attributes(person_params) respond_with person end private def person_params params.require(:person).permit(:name, :age) end end Rails 4
110. class PeopleController < ApplicationController def update person = Person.find(params[:id]) person.update_attributes(person_params) respond_with person end private def person_params params.require(:person).permit(:name, :age) end end Rails 4
111. class PeopleController < ApplicationController def update person = Person.find(params[:id]) person.update_attributes(person_params) respond_with person end private def person_params params.require(:person).permit(:name, :age) end end Rails 4
112. class PeopleController < ApplicationController def update person = Person.find(params[:id]) person.update_attributes(person_params) respond_with person end private def person_params params.require(:person).permit(:name, :age) end end Rails 4
113. JSON
114. class PostsController < ApplicationController def show @post = Post.find(params[:id]) render :json => post_json end private def post_json @post.as_json(:only => [:id, :title, :body], :include => { :comments => { :only => [:id, :body] } } ) end end
115. class PostsController < ApplicationController def show @post = Post.find(params[:id]) render :json => post_json end private def post_json @post.as_json(:only => [:id, :title, :body], :include => { :comments => { :only => [:id, :body] } } ) end end
116. class PostsController < ApplicationController def show @post = Post.find(params[:id]) render :json => post_json end private def post_json @post.as_json(:only => [:id, :title, :body], :include => { :comments => { :only => [:id, :body] } } ) end end
117. class PostsController < ApplicationController def show @post = Post.find(params[:id]) render :json => post_json end private def post_json @post.as_json(:only => [:id, :title, :body], :include => { :comments => { :only => [:id, :body] } } ) end end
118. class PostsController < ApplicationController def show @post = Post.find(params[:id]) render :json => post_json end private def post_json @post.as_json(:only => [:id, :title, :body], :include => { :comments => { :only => [:id, :body] } } ) end end
119. class PostsController < ApplicationController def show @post = Post.find(params[:id]) render :json => post_json end private def post_json @post.as_json(:only => [:id, :title, :body], :include => { :comments => { :only => [:id, :body] } } ) end end
120. ActiveModel ::Serializers https://github.com/josevalim/active_model_serializers
121. class PostsController < ApplicationController def show @post = Post.find(params[:id]) render :json => @post end end # app/serializers/post_serializer.rb class PostSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer embed :ids, :include => true attributes :id, :title, :body has_many :comments end
122. class PostsController < ApplicationController def show @post = Post.find(params[:id]) render :json => @post end end # app/serializers/post_serializer.rb class PostSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer embed :ids, :include => true attributes :id, :title, :body has_many :comments end
123. class PostsController < ApplicationController def show @post = Post.find(params[:id]) render :json => @post end end # app/serializers/post_serializer.rb class PostSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer embed :ids, :include => true attributes :id, :title, :body has_many :comments end
124. class PostsController < ApplicationController def show @post = Post.find(params[:id]) render :json => @post end end # app/serializers/post_serializer.rb class PostSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer embed :ids, :include => true attributes :id, :title, :body has_many :comments end
125. class PostsController < ApplicationController def show @post = Post.find(params[:id]) render :json => @post end end # app/serializers/post_serializer.rb class PostSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer embed :ids, :include => true attributes :id, :title, :body has_many :comments end
126. class PostsController < ApplicationController def show @post = Post.find(params[:id]) render :json => @post end end # app/serializers/post_serializer.rb class PostSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer embed :ids, :include => true attributes :id, :title, :body has_many :comments end
127. { "post": { "id": 1, "title": "New post", "body": "A body!", "comments": [ 1, 2 ] }, "comments": [ { "id": 1, "body": "what a dumb post" }, { "id": 2, "body": "i liked it" }, ] }
128. Jbuilder https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
129. # app/views/posts/show.json.jbuilder json.body format_content(@post.body) json.(@post, :id, :title) json.comments @post.comments, :id, :body
130. # app/views/posts/show.json.jbuilder json.body format_content(@post.body) json.(@post, :id, :title) json.comments @post.comments, :id, :body
131. # app/views/posts/show.json.jbuilder json.body format_content(@post.body) json.(@post, :id, :title) json.comments @post.comments, :id, :body
132. # app/views/posts/show.json.jbuilder json.body format_content(@post.body) json.(@post, :id, :title) json.comments @post.comments, :id, :body
133. # app/views/posts/show.json.jbuilder json.body format_content(@post.body) json.(@post, :id, :title) json.comments @post.comments, :id, :body
134. { "body": "<p>This is <i>serious</i> monkey business", "id": 1, "title": "New post", "comments": [ { "id": 1, "body": "what a dumb post" }, { "id": 2, "body": "i liked it" } ], }
135. Serializers Jbuilder Abordagem OO Fácil de configurar Frameworks Javascript Abordagem de view Helpers Respostas customizadas
136. ActionController ::Live
137. ActionController::Live class MyController < ActionController::Base def index 100.times { response.stream.write "hello world\n" } response.stream.close end end
138. ActionController::Live class MyController < ActionController::Base include ActionController::Live def index 100.times { response.stream.write "hello world\n" } response.stream.close end end
139. ActionController::Live class MyController < ActionController::Base include ActionController::Live def index 100.times { response.stream.write "hello world\n" } response.stream.close end end
140. ActionController::Live class MyController < ActionController::Base include ActionController::Live def index 100.times { response.stream.write "hello world\n" } response.stream.close end end
141. Rails 4
142. Ruby 1.8
143. Ruby 1.9
144. Active Record cookie store Active Resource Identity Map Observers
145. Desacoplamento do Action View Desacoplamento do Active Model
146. Melhorias Diversas
147. rails-api Mailer Assíncrono Sistema de notificações Outras features
149. Conheça as suas Ferramentas
150. Experimentem
151. Contribuam
152. http://plataformatec.com.br Estamos contratando
154. Obrigado Rafael França github.com/ twitter.com/ rafaelfranca rafaelfranca