GraphQL と Prisma から考える次のN年を見据えた技術選定 / Architecture decision for the next N years at StudySapuri

JSConf JP 2021 で登壇した資料です #jsconfjp #jsconfjp_b

Links:
[Active Recordから考える次の10年を見据えた技術選定](https://speakerdeck.com/yasaichi/architecture-decision-for-the-next-10-years-at-pixta)
[GraphQL を活用したスキーマ駆動開発の実践](https://speakerdeck.com/qsona/schema-driven-development-with-graphql)
[GraphQL を利用したアーキテクチャの勘所 / Architecture practices with GraphQL - Speaker Deck](https://speakerdeck.com/qsona/architecture-practices-with-graphql)
[最高のマスターデータ管理手法考察 & VSCode Extension を活用した話](https://speakerdeck.com/qsona/developing-masterdata-management-tool-by-using-vscode-extension)
[サービスクラスについては僕も悪かったと思っているけど、それでもCQSは実現したいんだ](https://qiita.com/a-suenami/items/8897e2e36fe2836c6949)
[Smart UI パターンが再評価される世界 - id:onk のはてなブログ](https://onk.hatenablog.jp/entry/2020/11/11/024531)
[Ruby on Railsの正体と向き合い方](https://speakerdeck.com/yasaichi/what-is-ruby-on-rails-and-how-to-deal-with-it)
[Explore how to extend the Prisma Client · Issue #7161 · prisma/prisma](https://github.com/prisma/prisma/issues/7161)
[プログラミング言語の未来はどうなるか | κeenのHappy Hacκing Blog](https://keens.github.io/blog/2021/01/04/future_of_proguramming_languages/)
[Prisma で Factory を作るための便利関数を作りました！](https://zenn.dev/seya/articles/a0d2d2da20ddad)

Transcript

1. GraphQL ͱ Prisma ͔Βߟ͑Δ
   ࣍ͷN೥Λݟਾٕ͑ͨज़બఆ
   @qsona
   2021-11-27 JSConf JP
   

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2. whoami
   • @qsona
   • Web Engineer at ελσΟαϓϦ (ϦΫϧʔτ)
   • Node.js / Rails / GraphQL / Microservices
   

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3. @qsona ͱ Node.js
   • ιϑτ΢ΣΞΤϯδχΞͱͯ͠ॳΊͯݱ৔ͰίʔυΛॻ͍ͨͷ͕

   αʔόʔαΠυ Node.js Ͱͨ͠ (!!)
   • Node v0.10, EcmaScript 5
   • Node ֶԂͷίϛϡχςΟʹҭͯͯ΋ΒͬͨͷͰɺ

   ࠓ೔ͷ৔ͰొஃͰ͖ͯͱͯ΋͏Ε͍͠Ͱ͢!
   

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4. ຊൃදͷ֓ཁ
   • ͜ͷൃද͸ɺ

   @_yasaichi ͞ΜʹΑΔൃද

   ʮActive Record͔Βߟ͑Δ

   ࣍ͷ10೥Λݟਾٕ͑ͨज़બఆʯ
   (2021/09) ΁ͷ

   Ξϯαʔൃද (?) Ͱ͢
   https://speakerdeck.com/yasaichi/architecture-decision-for-the-next-10-years-at-pixta
   

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5. ͓͜ͱΘΓ
   • ͜ͷࢿྉʹ͓͚Δจ੹͸͢΂ͯ @qsona ʹ͋Γ·͢
   • ઌߦൃදͷ @_yasaichi ͞ΜͷҙਤɾχϡΞϯεΛ

   Ͱ͖Δ͚ͩਖ਼͘͠἞Ή౒ྗΛ͍ͯ͠·͕͢ɺ

   ಺༰ʹٙ໰౳͋Δ৔߹ɺݩͷࢿྉΛ௚઀ࢀর͍ͯͩ͘͠͞
   

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6. ઌߦൃදʹ͓͚Δٕज़બఆࣄྫ
   • @_yasaichi ͞Μͷॴଐ͢Δ૊৫Ͱ͸ɺ΋ͱ΋ͱ Ruby on Rails Λ׆༻͓ͯ͠
   Γɺಛʹ Active Record ͕΋ͨΒ͢։ൃੜ࢈ੑΛߴ͘ධՁ͍ͯ͠Δ
   • ͔͠͠ɺϑϩϯτΤϯυ (TypeScript) ͱόοΫΤϯυ (Ruby) Ͱ։ൃݴޠ͕
   ҧ͏͜ͱʹΑΔɺೝ஌ෛՙͷ૿େ͕՝୊ʹͳͬͨ
   • ૊৫શମͱͯ͠ɺόοΫΤϯυΛ Node.js + TypeScript Ͱ։ൃ͢Δબ୒ࢶΛ

   ৽ͨʹऔΓೖΕΔܾஅΛͨ͠
   

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7. ઌߦൃදʹ͓͚Δٕज़બఆࣄྫ
   • Node.js + TypeScript Ͱͷ O/R Mapper ϥΠϒϥϦͱͯ͠ɺ
   Prisma ͷ࠾༻Λݕ౼ͨ͠
   • ͔͠͠ɺ։ൃதظҎ߱ͷ։ൃੜ࢈ੑͷ௿ԼΛݒ೦͠ɺ

   Ұ୴࠾༻ΛݟૹΔܾஅΛͨ͠
   • ৄ͍͠ཧ༝͸ɺຊൃදͷୈೋ෦Ͱ৮Ε·͢
   

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8. ຊൃදͰͷٕज़બఆࣄྫ
   • @qsona ͕ॴଐ͢ΔɺελσΟαϓϦ։ൃͷࣄۀ෦ (چ Quipper) ಺Ͱͷɺ

   ৽نαʔϏε։ൃࣄྫ
   • ͦͷதͷҰ෦ͷ(ϚΠΫϩ)αʔϏεͰɺ

   Node.js + TypeScript + Prisma Λ࠾༻ͨ͠ (2020/08 ͝Ζͷҙࢥܾఆ)
   • ผͷαʔϏεͰ͸ Ruby on Rails ΋Ҿ͖ଓ͖࠾༻
   • ※ ઌߦൃදʹൺ΂ͯɺείʔϓͷڱ͍ҙࢥܾఆͰ͋Δ఺ʹ஫ҙ
   

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10. ೋͭͷٕज़બఆͷൺֱ
    • ͳͥ @qsona ͷॴଐ͢ΔνʔϜͰ͸

    Prisma Λ࠾༻ͨ͠ͷ͔?
    • ͳͥ @_yasaichi ͞Μͷॴଐ͢Δ૊৫Ͱ͸

    Prisma ͷ࠾༻Λݟૹͬͨͷ͔?
    • @qsona ͷॴଐ͢ΔνʔϜͰ͸ɺ@_yasaichi ͞Μ͕ද໌ͨ͠ݒ೦ʹ

    ରॲͰ͖͍ͯΔͷ͔?
    

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11. ຊൃදͷߏ੒
    • ४උ: Prisma ͱ͸ɺͦͷ։ൃମݧ
    • ୈҰ෦: ελσΟαϓϦʹ͓͚Δ GraphQL + Prisma ࠾༻ࣄྫͱ
    ٕज़બఆͷཧ༝
    • ୈೋ෦: Active Record ͱରൺͯ͠ߟ͑Δ

    Prisma ͱ։ൃதظҎ߱ͷ։ൃੜ࢈ੑ
    

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12. ४උ: Prisma ͱ͸ɺͦͷ։ൃମݧ
    

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13. https://www.prisma.io/
    

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14. Prisma ͱ͸
    • Database toolkit (O/R Mapper ΛؚΉ)
    • Node.js + TypeScript ͕લఏ
    • PostgreSQL, MySQL, MongoDB ͳͲʹରԠ
    • ͜ͷൃදͷείʔϓͰ͸ PostgreSQL / MySQL Λ૝ఆ
    

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15. Prisma Λར༻ͨ͠։ൃϑϩʔ
    • ·ͣ Prisma Schema Λهड़͢Δ
    https://www.prisma.io/docs/concepts/components/prisma-schema
    

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16. Prisma Λར༻ͨ͠։ൃϑϩʔ
    • Prisma schema ͔ΒҎԼͷ2͕ͭࣗಈੜ੒͞ΕΔ
    • DB ϚΠάϨʔγϣϯͷίʔυ (Prisma Migrate)
    • ΫΤϦϏϧμʔ (ORM) ͷίʔυ (Prisma Client)
    Rails Ϣʔβʔ޲͚৘ใ:
    ridgepole (cookpad) ͱಉ͡։ൃϑϩʔ
    

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17. Prisma Λར༻ͨ͠։ൃϑϩʔ
    • Prisma Client Λར༻ͯ͠

    ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷϩδοΫ
    ΛίʔσΟϯά͢Δ
    https://www.prisma.io/docs/concepts/components/prisma-client
    

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18. Prisma Λར༻ͨ͠։ൃମݧ
    ࢲݟ: ։ൃମݧ͕ඇৗʹྑ͍
    • Prisma schema Λத৺ͱͨ͠ɺҰ؏ͨ͠։ൃମݧ
    • ࠩ෼ Migration ·ͰΧόʔͯ͘͠ΕΔ
    • TypeScript ͷ੩తܕ͕όνόνʹޮ͘
    • ࢖ͬͯΈΕ͹Θ͔Γ·͢ʂʂʂʂ (౤͛΍Γ)
    

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19. ୈҰ෦:
    ελσΟαϓϦʹ͓͚Δ
    GraphQL + Prisma ࠾༻ࣄྫͱ
    ٕज़બఆͷཧ༝
    

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20. View Slide

21. https://studysapuri.jp/course/junior/release-2022-spring/
    

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22. ৽ن։ൃϓϩδΣΫτͷ঺հ
    • ελσΟαϓϦͷ͏ͪɺதֶੜͷϢʔβʔΛର৅ʹ

    αʔϏεΛϦχϡʔΞϧ͢ΔϓϩδΣΫτ
    • ։ൃ͢Δ΋ͷ
    • iOS / Android / PC Web Apps
    • Backend APIs
    • ίϯςϯπΛ؅ཧ͢ΔγεςϜ
    ֶशαʔϏεΛϑϧεΫϥονͰ
    ࡞ΔΠϝʔδ
    

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23. ্ஈͷٕज़తҙࢥܾఆ
    ߴ͍։ൃੜ࢈ੑΛ໨ࢦͯ͠ɺҎԼͷٕज़తҙࢥܾఆΛߦͬͨ
    • GraphQL Λશ໘తʹ׆༻͢Δ
    • Clients <=> API Gateway <=> Backend Services
    • Backend ͸

    main αʔϏεͱ content αʔϏεʹ෼཭ͯ͠։ൃΛਐΊΔ
    

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24. ͦΕͧΕͷαʔϏεͷ੹຿
    • content αʔϏε (ࠓճͷ࿩ͷϝΠϯ)
    • ֶशʹඞཁͳʮίϯςϯπʯΛ؅ཧ͢Δ੹຿Λ࣋ͭ
    • ໰୊ / ಈը / ͦΕΒͷ֊૚ߏ଄ ͳͲ
    • main αʔϏε
    • Ϣʔβʔͷֶशཤྺͷσʔλ΍ɺͦͷଞ

    ϢʔβʔσʔλΛ؅ཧ͢Δ੹຿Λ࣋ͭ
    • Ruby on Rails Λ࠾༻
    

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25. ΞʔΩςΫνϟਤ
    (Ұ෦ൈਮ)
    

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26. GraphQL Λશ໘తʹ࠾༻ͨ͠ཧ༝
    • εΩʔϚۦಈ։ൃʹΑΓɺطଘ
    ͷ૊৫త՝୊ΛղܾͰ͖Δ
    • Client ͔Β Backend ·Ͱશͯ
    GraphQL ʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰ

    ։ൃੜ࢈ੑΛߴΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
    

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27. ࢀߟ: ॳखͰͷαʔϏε෼ׂͷੋඇ
    • αʔϏε։ൃͷॳखͰ͍͖ͳΓ(ϚΠΫϩ)αʔϏεʹ෼ׂ͢Δͷ͸

    ϦεΫ΋ߴ͘ɺҰൠతʹ͸નΊΒΕͳ͍
    • ελσΟαϓϦͷ৔߹ɺ໿10೥ͷֶशαʔϏε։ൃܦݧ͔Β

    ϏδωευϝΠϯͷڥքΛ͋Δఔ౓ཧղ͍ͯ͠Δ
    • ࠓճ content αʔϏεΛ෼཭͢Δ͜ͱ͸ɺϦεΫΑΓ΋

    Ϧλʔϯ͕ଟ͍ͱ݁࿦͚ͮͨ
    

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28. content αʔϏεͷٕज़બఆ
    • GraphQL
    • ݴޠ/؀ڥ: Node.js + TypeScript
    • ORM ϥΠϒϥϦ: Prisma
    

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29. content αʔϏεͷٕज़બఆཧ༝
    • νʔϜͷೳྗɾΦʔφʔγοϓ
    • GraphQL (ΤίγεςϜؚΉ) ͱͷ૬ੑ
    • ੩తܕ෇͚ (ΤίγεςϜؚΉ) ͱͷ૬ੑ
    • Read ͱ Write Ͱେผ͞ΕΔ

    αʔϏεಛੑͱͷ૬ੑ
    TypeScript + Node.js
    Λબ୒ͨ͠
    ੵۃతཧ༝
    Rails ActiveRecord Λආ͚Δ
    ফۃతཧ༝͕ͩ
    ͜ͷൃදʹ͓͚Δຊ୊
    

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30. νʔϜͷೳྗɾΦʔφʔγοϓ
    ҎԼͷཧ༝ͰɺRuby on Rails ͱ Node.js + TypeScript ͷ2୒ʹߜͬͨ
    • Ruby on Rails
    • ελσΟαϓϦʹ͓͍ͯελϯμʔυͳબ୒Ͱ͋Γɺී௨ʹ࠾༻Մೳ
    • Node.js + TypeScript
    • qsona ͕ αʔόʔαΠυ Node.js ͷܦݧ͋Γɺ೤ҙ΋ڧ͍
    • νʔϜͱͯ͠ TypeScript Λ໰୊ͳ͘࢖͑Δ (Web Frontend Ͱར༻)
    • ͦͷଞ͸ɺνʔϜͱͯ͠ೳྗ΍೤ҙΛ͍࣋ͬͯΔબ୒͸ಛʹͳ͔ͬͨ
    • (͜ΕҎ߱͸ Ruby on Rails ͱ Node.js + TypeScript ͱͷൺֱͰߟ͑Δ)
    

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31. GraphQL (ΤίγεςϜؚΉ) ͱͷ૬ੑ
    • Ruby Ͱ΋໰୊ͳ͘ GraphQL Server Λ࣮૷Ͱ͖Δ
    • ڧ͍ͯݴ͏ͳΒ͹ TypeScript + Node.js ͷ΄͏͕ɺ

    ΑΓ GraphQL ͱ਌࿨ੑ͕ߴ͍
    • ฒߦॲཧͱͷ૬ੑ͕ྑ͍
    • JavaScript / TypeScript + GraphQL ͷํ͕ɺ

    ΤίγεςϜ͕੝Γ্͕͍ͬͯΔ
    

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32. ੩తܕ෇͚ (ΤίγεςϜؚΉ) ͱͷ૬ੑ
    αʔϏεͷಛੑ͔ΒɺTypeScript ͷ੩తܕ෇͚͕༗རͱߟ͑ͨ
    • ΄ͱΜͲͷܕఆٛΛɺࣗಈੜ੒ʹΑͬͯແྉͰಘΒΕΔ
    • ςʔϒϧఆٛ (Prisma)
    • GraphQL Schema (graphql-codegen/typescript-resolvers)
    • ίϯςϯπσʔλ (json-schema-to-typescript)
    • ೖྗࢧԉπʔϧͷͨΊʹ JSON Schema Λผ్ఆ͍ٛͯ͠Δ

    (ৄ͘͠͸ࢿྉࢀর)
    • ʮ໰୊ʯͷσʔλߏ଄ʹ TypeScript ͷ Union Types ͕Ϛον͢Δ
    • ໰୊ͷछྨ͝ͱʹɺ࣋ͭΧϥϜ͕มΘΔ
    • ੩తܕ෇͚ͷॿ͚ΛआΓͣʹѻ͏ͱɺϓϩάϥϛϯά্ͷϛε͕ى͖΍͍͢
    https://speakerdeck.com/qsona/developing-masterdata-management-tool-by-using-vscode-extension
    

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33. Read ͱ Write Ͱେผ͞ΕΔ

    αʔϏεಛੑͱͷ૬ੑ
    αʔϏεͷಛ௃ͱͯ͠ɺWrite ͱ Read ͷ܏޲͕શ͘ҟͳΔ
    • ϝΠϯͷτϥϑΟοΫͷ΄ͱΜͲ͕ Read
    • ΤϯυϢʔβʔ (ੜె) ͸ίϯςϯπΛॻ͖ࠐ·ͳ͍
    • Write ͸ίϯςϯπνʔϜ͕৽͍͠ίϯςϯπσʔλΛຊ൪ϦϦʔε͢Δͱ͖͚ͩ
    • ଟ͘ݟੵ΋ͬͯ΋1೔਺ճఔ౓
    

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34. Read ͱ Write Ͱେผ͞ΕΔ

    αʔϏεಛੑͱͷ૬ੑ
    αʔϏεͷಛ௃ͱͯ͠ɺWrite ͱ Read ͷ܏޲͕શ͘ҟͳΔ
    • υϝΠϯϩδοΫͷ΄ͱΜͲ͕ Write ʹू·Δ
    • Read ଆ͸ɺDB ʹೖ͍ͬͯΔσʔλߏ੒Λॊೈʹɺ͔ͭ

    ύϑΥʔϚϯεྑ͘ΫΤϦͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ͜ͱ͕؊ͱͳΔ
    • Read ଆʹυϝΠϯϩδοΫ͸গͳ͍
    

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35. Read ͱ Write Ͱେผ͞ΕΔ

    αʔϏεಛੑͱͷ૬ੑ
    • ͜ͷαʔϏεಛੑʹର͠ɺ

    CQS (Command-Query Separation)
    Pattern Λద༻Ͱ͖Δͱߟ͑ͨ
    • Command (ॻ͖ࠐΈܥ) ͱ 

    Query (ಡΈࠐΈܥ) ʹ

    γεςϜ্ͷίʔυΛେผ͢Δύλʔϯ
    τϥϑΟοΫ
    υϝΠϯ

    ϩδοΫ
    3FBE େ গ
    8SJUF ۃখ ଟ
    

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36. ิ଍: ͜ͷΑ͏ͳಛੑ͸͋Δఔ౓ීวత
    ͦͷ๻ͷܦݧ্ɺ"DUJWF3FDPSEΛ࢖ͬͯΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ։ൃ͢Δ৔
    ߹ɺࢀরܥͷػೳʢݕࡧͱ͔ʣ͸ύϑΥʔϚϯε໘Ͱ೰Ή͜ͱ͕ଟ͘ɺొ
    ࿥ɾߋ৽ܥͰ͸ػೳ໘ʢ࢓༷ͷෳࡶԽɺίʔυͷՄಡੑɺόάࠞೖ཰ʣͷ೰
    Έ͕ଟ͘ͳΓ͕ͪͰ͋Δɻͱ͍͏͔ɺ͜Ε͸͓ͦΒ͘3BJMTʹݶͬͨ࿩Ͱ͸
    ͳ͘ɺ͔ͩΒͦ͜$234ͱ͍͏ΞʔΩςΫνϟύλʔϯ͕஫໨͞Ε͍ͯΔΜ
    ͩͱࢥ͏

    Ҿ༻ݩʮαʔϏεΫϥεʹ͍ͭͯ͸๻΋ѱ͔ͬͨͱࢥ͍ͬͯΔ͚ͲɺͦΕͰ΋$24͸࣮ݱ͍ͨ͠Μͩʯ

    !BTVFOBNJ
    
    https://qiita.com/a-suenami/items/8897e2e36fe2836c6949
    

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37. CQS Pattern ͱ ActiveRecord
    • ࢲݟ: CQS Pattern ͱ Rails Active Record ͱͷ૬ੑ͕͋·Γྑ͘ͳ͍
    • Active Record ͸جຊతʹ1ςʔϒϧɾ1Ϟσϧ͕લఏ
    • CQS ύλʔϯͰ͸ɺCommand / Query ͦΕͧΕͰผͷϞσϧΛ࢖͏
    • Rails ActiveRecord ΛࣗྗͰ֦ு͢Δ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖Δ͕ɺ

    Rails Way ͔Β཭ΕΔͷͰ Rails ͷڧΈΛ׆͔ͤͳͦ͏
    • => Rails ͷબ୒Λආ͚ΔཁҼʹͳͬͨ
    

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38. GraphQL + Prisma + CQS Pattern
    • Prisma ͸ೖग़ྗʹ Plain Object Λ࢖͏ͷͰɺ

    CQS Pattern Λࣗવʹద༻͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨ
    

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39. GraphQL + Prisma + CQS Pattern
    • චऀ @qsona ͸ GraphQL + Prisma + CQS Pattern ͷ

    ૊Έ߹Θͤʹେ͖ͳظ଴Λ๊͍͍ͯΔ͕ɺ

    ࣗ਎ͷྗྔෆ଍ʹΑΓɺຊൃදͰ͸े෼આ໌Ͱ͖͍ͯͳ͍
    • ୅ΘΓʹ (?) ࢀߟࢿྉͱͯ͠

    ҒେͳهࣄΛ঺հ͠·͢
    Smart UI ύλʔϯ͕࠶ධՁ͞ΕΔੈք (@onk)
    https://onk.hatenablog.jp/entry/2020/11/11/024531
    

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40. ͜Ε·Ͱͷ։ൃ;Γ͔͑Γ
    • ٕज़બఆ࣌ͷ΋͘ΖΈ௨Γɺ

    ͔ͳΓߴ͍։ൃੜ࢈ੑΛಘΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖͍ͯΔ
    • TypeScript ͷ੩తܕ෇͚͸͔ͳΓ৺ڧ͍ɻ

    ͦΕ͕΄΅ແྉͰಘΒΕ͍ͯΔ
    • CQS ύλʔϯΛ࣠ʹͯ͠։ൃͷϨʔϧΛෑ͍ͨ͜ͱͰɺ

    ίʔυΛॻ͘৔ॴʹ໎͍͕ੜ͡ʹ͍͘
    

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41. ͜Ε·Ͱͷ։ൃ;Γ͔͑Γ
    • ͨͩ͠ɺ͜Ε·Ͱͷ։ൃظؒ͸໿1.5೥ɺ

    ͜ͷαʔϏεͷ։ൃʹ͋ͯΒΕͨਓ਺͸ฏۉ1ਓఔ౓ɻ

    ਖ਼ࣜϦϦʔε΋·ͩ
    • => ։ൃॳظͷஈ֊ͱݴ͑Δ
    • ͜ͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ͸ɺ։ൃதظҎ߱๚ΕΔ

    υϝΠϯϩδοΫͷෳࡶԽΛड͚ೖΕɺ։ൃੜ࢈ੑΛอͪଓ͚Δ͜ͱ͕

    Ͱ͖Δͷ͔?
    

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42. ୈೋ෦:
    Active Record ͱରൺͯ͠ߟ͑Δ
    Prisma ͱ։ൃதظҎ߱ͷ։ൃੜ࢈ੑ
    

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43. Active Record ͷ։ൃੜ࢈ੑ
    • ࠶ͼɺઌߦൃදΛҰ෦঺հ͠ͳ͕ΒਐΊ·͢
    • Rails Active Record ͓Αͼ

    Prisma ͕ಋ͘ΞʔΩςΫνϟͱ

    ͦͷ։ൃੜ࢈ੑʹ͍ͭͯ
    

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44. Active Record ͷ։ൃੜ࢈ੑ
    • ઌߦൃදͰ͸ɺ

    Ruby on Rails ͷ Active Record Λར༻ͨ͠։ൃͷੜ࢈ੑΛ

    ։ൃॳظ / ։ൃதظҎ߱ ͦΕͧΕͰߴ͘ධՁ͍ͯ͠Δ
    ᷿ͰΑ͘
    ޠΒΕΔͷ͸
    ͬͪ͜
    ઌߦൃදͰத৺తʹޠΒΕ͍ͯΔͷ͸
    ͬͪ͜ɻ
    ࣍ϖʔδ͔Β
    

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45. Active Record ͷ։ൃੜ࢈ੑ
    • Rails Active Record ͸ɺ(໊લͷ௨Γ)

    ΞΫςΟϒϨίʔυύλʔϯΛ࣮૷͍ͯ͠Δ
    • ͜ΕʹΑΓɺυϝΠϯϩδοΫΛ

    υϝΠϯϞσϧͷܗͰهड़͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
    • υϝΠϯϩδοΫ͕ద੾ʹ෼཭͞Εɺ

    ։ൃதظҎ߱ͷߴ͍։ൃੜ࢈ੑΛҡ࣋͠΍͍͢
    

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46. Active Record ͷ։ൃੜ࢈ੑ
    • ΋ͪΖΜ Rails Active Record ͸ສೳͰ͸ͳ͍ɻ

    Ή͠ΖҰൠతʹ͸ɺRails ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸

    ։ൃதظҎ߱Ͱ։ൃੜ࢈ੑ͕Լ͕Δͱ͍͏ݟํ
    ΋ڧ͍
    • ͜ͷ՝୊ʹରͯ͠ Rails ίϛϡχςΟ͸༷ʑͳղ
    ܾࡦΛఏ͍ࣔͯ͠Δ
    • ͦͷܾఆ൛ͷҰͭͱݴ͑Δͷ͕ @_yasaichi ͞Μ
    ʹΑΔʮRuby on Rails ͷਖ਼ମͱ޲͖߹͍ํʯ
    https://speakerdeck.com/yasaichi/what-is-ruby-on-rails-and-how-to-deal-with-it
    

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47. Prisma ͷ։ൃੜ࢈ੑ
    • Prisma ͸ Rails Active Record ͱ͸ҟͳΓɺ

    υϝΠϯϩδοΫΛهड़͢Δํ๏Λఏڙ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍
    • ͦͷͨΊɺυϝΠϯϞσϧͰ͸ͳ͘

    τϥϯβΫγϣϯεΫϦϓτ (खଓ͖ܕతίʔυ) ͕ॻ͔Ε͕ͪ
    • => ։ൃதظҎ߱ɺ։ൃੜ࢈ੑͷ௿ԼΛট͘Մೳੑ͋Γ
    

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48. https://speakerdeck.com/yasaichi/architecture-decision-for-the-next-10-years-at-pixta?slide=53
    

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49. ࢀߟ: Prisma ଆͰͷݕ౼ঢ়گ
    https://github.com/prisma/prisma/issues/7161
    

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50. @qsona ͷݱ৔Ͱ͸໰୊ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ?
    • Q. content αʔϏεͷ։ൃ (Prisma Λ࠾༻) ʹ͓͍ͯɺ

    τϥϯβΫγϣϯεΫϦϓτͷංେԽʹΑΔ

    ։ൃੜ࢈ੑͷ௿Լ͸ى͖͍ͯΔ͔?
    

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51. @qsona ͷݱ৔Ͱ͸໰୊ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ?
    • Q. content αʔϏεͷ։ൃ (Prisma Λ࠾༻) ʹ͓͍ͯɺ

    τϥϯβΫγϣϯεΫϦϓτͷංେԽʹΑΔ

    ։ൃੜ࢈ੑͷ௿Լ͸ى͖͍ͯΔ͔?
    • A. ى͖͍ͯΔ
    

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52. ίϯςϯπΠϯϙʔτͷίʔυ֓ཁ
    • େ͖͘ҎԼͷ3ͭͷؔ਺ʹ෼͔Εɺॱʹ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔ
    • 1. processContents ...

    CSV, YAML Ͱߏ੒͞Εͨ

    ίϯςϯπσʔλΛશͯparse͠ɺ

    1ຕͷ JS Object ʹม׵͢Δ
    • 2. deleteAllContents ... DB ্ͷίϯςϯπΛશ࡟আ
    • 3. insertContents ... 1 Ͱ࡞ͬͨσʔλΛ Prisma ܦ༝Ͱ DB ʹ౤ೖ͢Δ
    ໿ 700 ߦ, ࠷ਂ 4 ॏϧʔϓ͕ग़ݱ͢Δ
    τϥϯβΫγϣϯεΫϦϓτɻ
    ίʔυͷೝ஌ෛՙ͕ߴ͍
    

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53. τϥϯβΫγϣϯεΫϦϓτͷ՝୊
    • Ͳ͜ͰԿͷॲཧΛ΍͍ͬͯΔ͔͕ύοͱΘ͔Βͳ͍
    • ϧʔϓ͕ଟॏʹͳ͍ͬͯͯɺม਺ͷείʔϓ͕෼͔Γʹ͍͘
    • => ίʔυͷೝ஌ෛՙ͕ߴ͘ɺॳݟࡴ͠
    

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54. ฐνʔϜ಺ͷ Repository ʹͯ
    2021-01 ʹ࡞ΒΕͨ issue ͕ͩ
    2021-11 ͷஈ֊Ͱ·ͩ Open.
    Read (GraphQL API) ͷςετ͕هड़
    ͞ΕΔͳͲɺҰ෦͸վળࡁΈɻ
    Write ଆ͸ґવτϥϯβΫγϣϯεΫ
    Ϧϓτͷ··Ͱɺ՝୊͸ೝ͍ࣝͯ͠Δ
    

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55. Q. ͳͥ͜ͷ໰୊Λղফ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ͷ͔?
    • A. ༏ઌ౓͕ͦ͜·Ͱߴ͘ͳ͍͔Β
    • ཧ༝ (1) ؆୯ͳमਖ਼ͳΒɺ·ͩͦ͜·Ͱ೉͘͠ͳ͍
    • TypeScript ͷ੩తܕ෇͚͕Α͘ޮ͍͍ͯΔ
    • த਎ΛΑ͘஌Δ։ൃऀ͕ɺνʔϜ಺ʹෳ਺ਓ͍Δ
    

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56. Q. ͳͥ͜ͷ໰୊Λղফ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ͷ͔?
    • A. ༏ઌ౓͕ͦ͜·Ͱߴ͘ͳ͍͔Β
    • ཧ༝ (2) ͜ͷίʔυΛେ͖͘मਖ਼ɾ֦ு͢Δ༧ఆ͕ͳ͍
    • ͋Δେ͖ͳػೳ௥ՃͷλΠϛϯάͰಉ࣌ʹϦϑΝΫλϦϯά
    ͢Δɺͱ߹ҙ͍͕ͯͨ͠ɺ

    ͦͷػೳ௥Ճ͸Ϗδωεతཧ༝Ͱ༏ઌ౓͕Լ͕͍ͬͯΔ
    

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57. Q. ͳͥ͜ͷ໰୊Λղফ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ͷ͔?
    • ͭ·Γɺద੾ʹʮٕज़తෛ࠴ͷ؅ཧʯ͕ग़དྷ͍ͯΔྑ͍࿩!! ...?
    • ͕ɺ͍ͣΕղܾ͠ͳ͚Ε͹͍͚ͳ͍ͷ͸มΘΒͳ͍
    

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58. Ұ୴·ͱΊͱ࿦఺੔ཧ
    ߴ͍։ൃੜ࢈ੑΛ
    ͲͷΑ͏ʹಘΔ
    ։ൃॳظ ։ൃதظҎ߱
    Ұൠ࿦
    ίʔυྔɾ࡞ۀྔ͕গͳ͘
    ໎Θͣॻ͚Δ͜ͱ
    ن໛͕େ͖͍ίʔυΛ
    ద੾ʹ෼ׂɾ੔ཧͰ͖Δ͜ͱ
    3BJMT
    "DUJWF3FDPSE
    3BJMT8BZ ઃఆΑΓن໿
    
    "DUJWF3FDPSEʹΑΓ
    ࣗಈͰϞσϧΛಘΒΕΔ
    ߴػೳͳ"DUJWF3FDPSEʹΑΓ
    υϝΠϯϩδοΫΛू໿Ͱ͖Δ
    ίʔυ੔ཧख๏ͷ஌ݟ͕͋Δ
    1SJTNB
    1SJTNB4DIFNB͔Β
    5ZQF4DSJQUͷ੩తܕ෇͚΍
    .JHSBUJPOΛࣗಈͰಘΒΕΔ
    େ͖ͳखؒͳ͘ɺυϝΠϯϩδοΫΛ
    ੔ཧ͢Δख๏͕ඞཁ
    ࣍ϖʔδ͔Βͷ࿦఺
    

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59. υϝΠϯϞσϧͷදݱʹ class ͸ඞཁ͔?
    • Prisma ͸ɺؔ਺ͷೖग़ྗʹ Plain Object Λར༻͢Δ
    • ઌߦൃදΑΓҾ༻:

    "υϝΠϯϨΠϠʔҎԼΛυϝΠϯϞσϧͱ Prisma Ͱߏங͠Α͏ͱ͢Δͱɺ

    Prisma ͷฦ͢ POJO ͷσʔλΛυϝΠϯϞσϧʹ٧Ί௚͢ඞཁ͕͋Δ"
    • ͜ͷʮυϝΠϯϞσϧʯ͸ class ϕʔεͷ࣮૷͕૝ఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔͱࢥΘΕΔ
    • ٙ໰: υϝΠϯϞσϧͷදݱ͸ class Ͱͳ͍ͱग़དྷͳ͍ͩΖ͏͔?
    • (ࢲݸਓͷײ֮Ͱ͸ JS/TS ։ൃऀ͸ class Λ͋·Γଟ͘࢖Θͳ͍܏޲)
    

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60. https://twitter.com/_yasaichi/status/1459394817125875717 https://keens.github.io/blog/2021/01/04/future_of_proguramming_languages/
    

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61. https://twitter.com/a_suenami/status/1453293119760486408
    

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62. class ͕ఏڙ͢Δศར͞
    • σʔλʹؔ͢Δϝιου܈͕ू·Γɺڽू౓͕ߴ͍ঢ়ଶ
    • obj.method() ͷه๏ (IDE Ͱͷิ׬͕ޮ͘)
    • ΦϒδΣΫτͷ಺෦ঢ়ଶͷߋ৽
    • ଟଶੑ (Polymorphism)
    

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63. class Λ࢖ͬͨυϝΠϯϞσϧ
    Prisma ͷσʔλܕͱಉ͡ܕએݴͱ
    ͔ͦ͜Β٧Ίସ͑ΔͨΊͷίʔυɻ
    ຖ౓खಈͰ͜ͷΫϥεΛॻ͍ͨΓɺ
    ͜ͷΫϥεʹ٧Ίସ͑ͨΓ͢ΔίʔυΛॻ
    ͘ͷ͸ͱͯ΋໘౗͍͘͞
    υϝΠϯϩδοΫͷίʔυɻ
    ҰͭͷϑΝΠϧʹ·ͱ·͍ͬͯͯ
    ڽू౓͕ߴ͍
    

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64. ؔ਺܈ͷϑΝΠϧΛ࢖ͬͨυϝΠϯϞσϧ
    Immutable ύλʔϯΛར༻
    Pick (Utility Types) Λར༻ɻ
    ςʔϒϧͷશΧϥϜΛऔಘ͠ͳͯ͘΋͢Ή఺Ͱ
    class ϕʔεͷυϝΠϯϞσϧΑΓ༗ར
    Ҿ਺ / ໭Γ஋ ʹ User ΛऔΔؔ਺܈Λ
    1ຕͷϑΝΠϧʹ·ͱΊ͍ͯΔ
    

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65. class ͕ఏڙ͢Δศར͞
    • σʔλʹؔ͢Δϝιου܈͕ू·Γɺڽू౓͕ߴ͍ঢ়ଶ

    => ͦͷσʔλʹؔ࿈͢Δؔ਺Λ1ϑΝΠϧʹ·ͱΊΔ͜ͱͰ୅ସՄೳ
    • obj.method() ͷه๏ => method(obj) Ͱ(ҰԠ)୅ସՄೳ
    • ΦϒδΣΫτͷ಺෦ঢ়ଶͷߋ৽

    => newObj = method(obj) (Immutable ύλʔϯ) Ͱ(ҰԠ)୅ସՄೳ
    • ଟଶੑ (Polymorphism) => ???
    

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66. ଟଶੑ (Polymorphism)
    • ࢲݟ: ଟଶੑ͕΄͍͠ͱ͖͚ͩ͸ class Λ࢖͏ͷ͕ྑ͍ͱࢥ͏
    

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67. ଟଶੑ (Polymorphism)
    • Rails Active Record ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɺ

    STI (Single Table Inheritance) ͱ Polymorphic Association ͷ2ͭͰ Polymorphism ͕αϙʔτ͞Ε͍ͯΔ
    • ͕ɺ͜ΕΒ͸ςʔϒϧઃܭʹ(͠͹͠͹ѱ͍)ӨڹΛٴ΅͢ͷͰɺ

    த௕ظͷ։ൃੜ࢈ੑΛߴΊΔҙຯͰ͸ਪ঑͞Εͳ͍
    • ಛʹ Polymorphic Association ͸

    SQL Ξϯνύλʔϯʹ΋ܝࡌ͞Ε͍ͯΔ
    • ͕ͨͬͯ͠ɺPolymorphism ͕ཉ͍͠ͱ͖͸ (Rails Ͱ͋ͬͯ΋)

    Active Record Ͱ͸ͳ͍ಠࣗͷΫϥεΛ࡞੒͢Δ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍
    • ͭ·ΓɺActive Record ͱͷൺֱͰ͍͑͹ɺͲͪΒ͕༗རͱ͍͏͜ͱ͸ͳ͍
    

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68. @qsona ͷݱ৔ͷίʔυͷվળख๏
    • ͱΓ͋͑ͣ Composed Method ύλʔϯͰ

    ڊେͳτϥϯβΫγϣϯεΫϦϓτΛখ෼͚ʹ͍ͯ͘͠
    • গͣͭ͠༗༻ͳυϝΠϯϞσϧΛݟग़͍ͯ͘͠
    • ࣮ࡍ೉͍͠ (ςʔϒϧ୯Ґͱ͸ݶΒͳ͍)
    • Polymorphism ͕ඞཁͳΒΫϥεΛ࢖͏!
    • (Ұ෦Λ࣍ϖʔδ͔Β঺հ)
    

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69. processContentData ͷதͰɺ
    ໰୊ (Question) Λ processing ͢Δ෦෼ɻ
    ॲཧͷதͰ΋ಛʹෳࡶͳͷͰɺ
    parseQuestion ؔ਺ͱͯ͠෼཭͞Ε͍ͯΔ
    

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70. parseQuestion ͷதͰ͸ɺ

    ΫϥεϕʔεͷϞσϦϯάΛߦͳ͍ͬͯΔɻ
    Question ͷछྨ͝ͱʹॲཧΛม͑Δ 

    Polymorphism Λར༻͍ͨͨ͠Ίɻ
    ೖྗଆͷσʔλߏ଄ͰΫϥεΛ࡞͍ͬͯΔͷͰɺ
    Active Record ύλʔϯ͔Β͸͜ͷઃܭ͸ಋग़͞
    Εͳ͍
    

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71. (·ͱΊ) ఏҊ: ؔ਺Λ࢖͏ɺclass Λͨ·ʹ࢖͏
    • ؔ਺ͱɺؔ਺Λ·ͱΊͨϑΝΠϧΛ࡞Δ
    • ૯߹తʹ TypeScript ͱͷ૬ੑ͕ྑ͍
    • ඞཁʹԠͯ͡ class Λ࡞Δ
    • యܕతʹ͸ Polymorphism ͕΄͍͠ͱ͖
    Structural Typing Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱ
    Plain Object ͕ୈ1ڃͰ͋Δ͜ͱ
    

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72. ຊൃදͷ·ͱΊ
    

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73. ຊൃදʹ͓͚Δओு
    ҎԼͷٕज़ɾΞʔΩςΫνϟͷ૊Έ߹ΘͤʹΑΓ

    ։ൃॳظ / ։ൃதظҎ߱ ྆ํͰͷߴ͍։ൃੜ࢈ੑΛ୲อͰ͖ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔?
    • ٕज़: GraphQL + Prisma (on Node.js, TypeScript)
    • ΞʔΩςΫνϟ:
    • CQS (Command-Query Separation) Pattern ͷ࠾༻Λݕ౼͢Δ
    • σʔλʹରԠ͢Δؔ਺܈ͱͯ͠ɺυϝΠϯϩδοΫΛ·ͱΊΔ
    • Polymorphism ͕ඞཁͳہ໘Ͱ͸ɺΫϥεΛར༻͢Δ
    

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74. ·ͱΊ: ຊൃදʹ͓͚Δओு
    • ͱ͸͍͑ɺߟ࡯͕·ͩෆे෼ͳ఺͸ଟ͍
    • Έͳ͞Μ΋ʮຊ౰͔...?ʯͱࢥͬͨՕॴ͕

    ͖ͬͱ͍ͭ͘΋͋ͬͨͱࢥ͍·͢
    • Prisma Λ࢖ͬͨத௕ظͷ։ൃࣄྫ͕૿͍͑ͯͬͯ

    ΞʔΩςΫνϟతͳ஌ݟΛڞ༗͠߹͑Δͱྑ͍ͱࢥ͏
    • ΈΜͳ Prisma ࢖͓͏ͥ!!
    

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75. ৮ΕΒΕͳ͔ͬͨ࿩
    • Prisma ͷʮ։ൃલظʯͷ։ൃੜ࢈ੑʹ͍ͭͯ...

    ࣗಈςετपล͕՝୊
    • Prisma + Jest Λར༻͍ͯ͠Δ͕

    Rails + RSpec + Factory Bot ͷମݧʹ௥͍͚ͭͯͳ͍
    https://zenn.dev/seya/articles/a0d2d2da20ddad https://twitter.com/sekikazu01/status/1463743468073746435
    

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76. ँࣙ
    • ࠓճͷςʔϚʹ͍ͭͯߟ͑Δ͖͔͚ͬΛ࡞ͬͯͩͬͨ͘͞

    @_yasaichi ͞Μɺ͓Αͼ

    ೔ʑલ޲͖ʹίʔυվળͷٞ࿦ʹ෇͖߹ͬͯ͘ΕΔ

    ελσΟαϓϦͷ։ൃνʔϜͷ஥ؒʹײँ͍ͯ͠·͢
    

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