Abnormal Psychology

Normal or abnormal
Mental illness stigmatization
Autonomic arousal, somatic and psychological symptoms
Panic attack symptoms
Phobias
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Personality disorders: schizophrenia disorder, antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder
Riddles time!
Your depressed moment
Bipolar disorder

Transcript

1. - Abnormal Psychology -
2. Topic 1 Is this Normal or Abnormal?
3. Situation 1: A man kissing another man
4. Normal 1. It is inside feeling and like other feelings which are inside us it would be normal. 2. It’s 2020 and love is free. Even if they are just friends, it’s fine too because it is just a way to show love. 3. It’s just a kiss. You can kiss anyone regardless of their gender. 4. It may be the culture of some countries. Maybe in Malaysia, it is rare but it does not mean that it is abnormal. 5. Love knows no gender. Maybe they were just friends and the kiss was just a way of showing love. 6. I do believe that this is just another form of love. This is not harmful or forceful kind of relationship. Everyone is unique in their own way and that includes relationship among same gender. I may not be one, but that does not prevent me from respecting them. 7. I do know some of my guy friends who are gay or bi, and also one of them was a haemaphrodite. It wasn't easy to accept at first, but I had to accept it at a certain point that my guy friend was choosing to behave like a female.
5. Abnormal 1. It is weird and it might influence others to do so as well and from my beliefs it is wrong. 2. The same gender having sexual tension and feelings towards each other just does not sit right with me because I get uncomfortable just by the thought of it. 3. The action is weird and disgusting. I will have the mindset that they is “gay”. 4. If it’s a mouth to mouth kiss or an intimate kiss, the action is showing some disgusting and weird early signs such as having the ‘gay’ symptoms. 5. I have never seen any man kissing each other like that. It is so weird! 6. It is something which not according to nature. 7. It is something unusual action and it’s abnormal because it rare to see like that.
6. Abnormal 1. In Malaysian culture, we rarely see a man kiss another man, it doesn’t have to be an intimate kiss, kissing on the cheeks when greeting is something we rarely see in our culture compared to Americans so i feel like it’s abnormal. 2. I just think it’s unusual and weird as it is not commonly seen in this culture. 3. It depends to situation. If they kiss each other lips lovely they show a specific feeling but if as greeting I think is normal 4. If it happened to me, I will feel awkward and nausea. Because I don’t like, even I think it’s normal, but physically and mentally are rejected. The reason why I said that is normal but I can’t accept it because the people (guys) around me they don’t have this behavior but girl did. Accept certain situation. 5. It's gay and maybe their hormone change.
7. Situation 2: A woman refusing to eat for several days
8. Normal 1. This entirely depends on the situation and the reason she isn’t eating, because sometimes people go or fasts where they only have liquid. 2. It is all depend on the individual preferences. some people would choose not to eat for several days because they might not have anything suitable to eat, they may not be able to eat or bite where they only have some drinks, they can even be undergoing a treatment that makes them lose appetite to eat or they could be fasting due to some religious activities. 3. According their jobs or goals, maybe they want to lose weight like models or athletes, or maybe they want to fast so they stop eating for a few days.
9. Abnormal 1. I think she is too depressed. If she doesn’t eat anything at all, she is not in a healthy state! 2. Even though she is insecure about the percentage of her body fat or wanting to slim down to her desired weight, i feel that this act is abnormal due to the fact that it can especially harm her physical health where she could experience stomach ache, migraine and also gastrics. 3. If she does not eat for days, she may develop health problems. She may be stressed or trying to lose weight. 4. Food is one of the main source that keeps us going and if ur refusing for certain reasons like weight loss, mental health problems and more but there is always consequences. 5. I think refusing to eat for days is abnormal, however, skipping meals or less appetite to eat is normal because of hormonal changes.
10. Abnormal 1. She insecure with her body weight, she worry that she will gaining weight and she might have health problem such as stomach ache because she refusing to eat several days. It can link with eating disorder. 2. She must be having depression which is considered not normal 3. She may get health problems if she did not eat for several days. And it may related to eating disorders. 4. Refusing to eat for days would mean that something has become more important to her than satisfying her basic needs- hunger. It shows that something is wrong with her. 5. When a women have this behavior, mostly they are in a huge depression, stress, emotion and so on. Because as a human, we won’t refuse to eat at all, because our body need food to maintain our body to keep have energy for our body. 6. Refusing to eat for several days is an alarming situation as food is our basic need to survive. This could be the sign of physical, mental or even emotional health issues.
11. Abnormal 1. A woman refusing to eat for several days is a abnormal behavior because as a humans we need to take food to keep our body in good health if though, we having or facing huge problems. 2. If she worry about her weight or decide to get slim without eating it is not normal or she scare to increase her weight or another problems and they're not worry about their health 3. It is unusual for someone to accept starving that could harm themselves. 4. Having meals on daily basis is crucial for our body needs and not having any meals on several days is alarming as not only this is harmful to a person’s physical health, this also indicates that the person could be having troubling thoughts which harms his/her mental health as well. 5. She has no appetite and it's unbalanced diet.
12. Situation 3: A man driving a nail through his hand
13. Normal 1. Now we are living in 2020, so we should passed those traditional belief. Because of gender, we should stop doing or wearing specific things. As long as our appearance doesn’t bother people, we can do whatever we like.
14. Abnormal 1. He must be drunk and too tired and got unconsciously injured himself. He must be too hurt inside himself. 2. This is very rare behavior that we never saw before this which how a person can hurt himself just for driving a nail. 3. Causing so much of pain to oneself is not normal. 4. No one would be in their right minds to purposely hurt themselves and enjoy the feeling of excruciating pain. 5. Normal people don’t cause themselves so much pain. It also means that he is stressed, so he self-harm to release his pressure. 6. It will very hurt and painful. 7. He is harming himself and that is a sign that something is wrong. Why would someone cause pain to themselves.
15. Abnormal 1. No one would simply cause pain to themselves unless they really go through some serious matter that they find it difficult to handle. he is self-harming himself in order to get some satisfaction and release his tensions. It could show that he is going through stress that could slowly leads to depression which causes him to self-harm. 2. This might cause him some serious injuries that might not even thought of. 3. It’s pain, disgusting and he is harming his own hand. So for me, it is wrong and I really don't appreciate such vulgar behavior. 4. I don’t think someone would willingly harm themselves. 5. No one would hurt or harm themselves on purpose for no reason. 6. He can injure himself.
16. Abnormal 1. Self harming is not something people would do. If they self harm, the reason for this is usually due to issue they have which troubles them and affects their daily live activities. 2. Nobody like to harm him or herself,these people have problem and they don't like themselves. 3. If he is a magician, I would be fine with it, but if his intentions were to harm himself, surely it is a part of abnormality. 4. His behaviors is like to harm himself. 5. He is using self-harm to release his stress. There are many ways to release stress and we normally will not choose self-harm because it will bring harm to us. So, he is in high stress and he need treatment soon.
17. Topic 2 1. What’s Mental Illness Stigmatization? 2. How to Fight Mental Illness Stigmatization?
18. • Mental illness stigmatization is used to think that somebody was punished by God or having an unclean spirit inside their bodies, making the person to behave abnormally that other people find them annoying. • To fight mental illness stigmatization, the person can find support at Malaysian Mental Health Association (in Malaysia), and share their experiences to others to educate the public that there are many people facing the same thing, by using #EndTheStigma and/or add Photo Frame if sharing on social media. • The societies in different countries can raise the awareness by organising the campaigns, like “Mental Health Awareness Month” in May and “World Mental Health Day on 10th October”, to share the infographics, videos, promote their support services and encourage the public to wear a lime green ribbon, which represents hope, strength, support, and encouragement for sufferers.
19. Topic 3 What are the Autonomic Arousal, Somatic and Psychological symptoms?
20. Autonomic Arousal Symptoms: Responsible for many of the body's automatic processes such as heart rate, respiratory functions, digestion stomach pain, rapid breathing and dizziness Somatic Symptom: A person having a significant focus on physical symptoms, pain, weakness or shortness of breath and muscle ache Arousal Symptoms: - Hard time concentrating and controlling thoughts - Increased heart beat, uncontrolled sweating and feeling of stress Psychological Symptoms: Feeling nervous, restless or tense; having a sense of panic; having an increased of heart rate; breathing rapidly; sweating; trembling; feeling weak or tired; trouble concentrating
21. Topic 4 Panic Attack Symptoms
22. Symptoms: Sense of impending danger | Fear of losing control Increase heart rate | Uncontrolled sweating | Shortness of breath Hot flashes | Sudden chills | Chest pains | Headaches | Dizziness
23. Topic 5 Phobias
24. Types of Specific Phobia: 1. Animal Type: Dogs, snakes, or spiders 2. Natural Environment Type: Heights, storms, water 3. Blood-Injection-Injury Type: Fear of seeing blood, receiving a blood test or shot, watching TV shows that displaying medical procedures Agoraphobia is a fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or that help wouldn't be available if things go wrong. Many people assume it is simply a fear of open spaces. Someone with agoraphobia may be scared of travelling on public transport. Social phobia happens during social interactions, like talking to strangers, speaking in public, dating, making eye contact, entering rooms. When people feel so self-conscious and anxious that it prevents them from speaking up or socializing most of the time, it is probably more than shyness. Specific phobias are overwhelming and unreasonable fear of objects or situations that pose little real danger, but provoke anxiety and avoidance.
25. OCD Symptoms & Example
26. Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by uncontrollable, unwanted thoughts and ritualized, repetitive behaviors that you feel compelled to perform. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession. The behaviors are aimed at preventing or reducing distress or a feared situation. Symptoms: • Hoarding items • Repeating actions or phrases • Easily distressed by the things around them • Fear of losing control Examples of compulsions: • Cleaning to reduce the fear that germs • Repeating to dispel anxiety • Checking to reduce the fear of harming oneself or others • Ordering and arranging to reduce discomfort
27. PTSD Symptoms & Example
28. Symptoms: • Re-living the traumatic event through distressing, unwanted memories • Avoiding reminders of the traumatic event, including activities, places, people that bring back memories of the trauma • Negative thoughts and feelings like fear, anger, guilt, or feeling • Feeling wound-up. This might mean having trouble sleeping or concentrating, feeling angry or irritable Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a set of reactions that can occur after someone has been through a traumatic event. In other word, it is a disorder that develops in some people who have experienced a shocking, scary, or dangerous event. Examples: • Effects of war • Childhood trauma • Unpredicted incidents • Unable to cope with loss • Effects of experiencing disasters
29. Personality Disorders
30. Schizophrenia Disorder Speech disorder Effective communication can be impaired, and answers to questions may be partially or completely unrelated. Delusions False beliefs that are not based in reality. Negative Symptoms refer to the absence of normal behaviors found in healthy individuals, such as emotional expression, enthusiasm, interest of the world Abnormal Motor Behaviour Inappropriate or bizarre posture, a complete lack of response, or useless and excessive movement. Aggression This happens due to delusions and hallucinations which results that individual to react aggressively towards others. Hallucinations Seeing or hearing things that don't exist.
31. Antisocial Personality Disorder Aggressive behavior Hostility, significant irritability, agitation, aggression or violence Destructive behavior: impulsive and reckless, failing to consider or disregarding the consequences of their actions Rule breaking They may display arrogance, think lowly and negatively of others Attachments and emotional bonds are weak, and interpersonal relationships often revolve around the manipulation, exploitation, and abuse of others Aggression toward people
32. Borderline Personality Disorder Viewing yourself negatively
33. Histrionic Personality Disorder
34. Narcissistic Personality Disorder Spend much time daydreaming about achieving power and success, or on their appearance. React with rage or contempt and try to belittle the other person to make themselves appear superior. Believe they can only associate with equally special people. Be envious of others and believe others envy them. Have an exaggerated sense of self importance and sense of self entitlement.
35. Topic 6 Riddles Time - Guess Which Disorder
36. Second Scenario: Tim is constantly thinking highly of himself and he will try and force his views and opinions on others even though he knows he is wrong. He will also be highly defensive when he is confronted with a mistake and he will start to act aggressively towards others. Narcissistic Personality Disorder First Scenario: My symptoms began in early adolescence, as I quickly became aware that I was not like my peers. Separation anxiety, fear of abandonment, self-harm and emotional instability prevented me from experiencing what should have been the typical life of a teenager. I spent my days in isolation, not understanding the overwhelming emotions that attacked me from every side, often crying myself to sleep wondering why the feelings just wouldn't go away, and why I couldn't put a name to them. Throughout my teens I failed to develop an identity, falling behind academically, socially and emotionally. It felt like I had got 'stuck' at age 11 when the problems began and that my body and mind were developing but my sense of self and capacity to regulate emotion lagged way behind. It wasn't until I was finally diagnosed that I began to realise what all these symptoms mean, and I was finally able to start unpicking my past in order to understand my present. Borderline Personality Disorder
37. Scenario 1 Amanda is angry when service in a restaurant is poor, but instead of complaining to the management, Amanda ruminates about how much to leave as a tip. Narcissistic Personality Disorder Scenario 2 Karen visited the supermarket without wearing a facial mask. When confronted by workers, she screamed and said that the workers were harassing her and violating laws. She make sure to scream and throw things before leaving the store. Narcissistic Personality Disorder
38. Scenario 1 Mandy felt that she is constantly watched and despised by her co-workers in her workplace. She felt that others weren’t pleased with how the manager was nice to her on her first week of the job. Because of this, she fears that her co-workers could be plotting a scheme which could jeopardise her occupation due to the intense environment there and her constant perception on how she is heavily disliked there. Schizophrenia Disorder Scenario 2 Randy stated that he began hearing voices in his head during his school times. He was a victim of bullying and because of that unpleasant experience, he noticed that “these voices” directs him to harm others such as assaulting others out of the blue as self-defense although majority of them do not have any form of connection with him. Schizophrenia Disorder
39. Scenario 2 Rayn does not have many friends, but he has this one very best friend named Kate. One day, Kate brought her 2 year old niece, Lily and introduce her to Rayn. They hang out often and people around seem to look at Rayn weirdly every time he is with Kate and her niece. He knew Lily for years, but at one point he realised Lily doesn’t age at all. She looked the same all those years. Schizophrenia Disorder Scenario 1 James always want to be the centre of the conversation.If he never get to be the centre,he will feel uncomfortable. His mood always swing and will always act aggressively during conversation. Histrionic Personality Disorder
40. Scenario 1 When Lily was 2 year old, her mom neglected her and her dad consumed drugs due to schizophrenia and commit suicide. Lily was left alone back then until someone placed her at a foster home. After some times, she were adopted. During her primary school, she was being sexually abused by her friend’s brother. Lily then became more aggressive, violent and rob the bank. Antisocial Personality Disorder Scenario 2 Lylia’s family had always thought her to be different. When she was young she often distance herself from others. She often spend a lot of time alone in her thoughts. Because of this, as she grew up, she had no interest to maintain a close relationship with others. Antisocial Personality Disorder
41. Your Depressed Moment. Give 2.
42. I felt depressed when it is a must for me to go to tuition for all subjects everyday after school, and even weekends and school holidays. I did not have the time to have a good rest, struggle to sleep well and revised what I had learned at school. Because of that, I didn't really have any hobbies, but just enjoyed my time very much during physical educations; when I won a lot of trophies and medals during sport competitions; art class and music class at school. I felt depressed when I wasn’t allow to use the computer and internet access to do my homework as expected. But then, the modern generation is making students to use computer to do the projects and searching for the information. Because of that, I started to get familiar with and develop the skills by using the computers at the library where students are free to access before I have my own laptop. And now, many people approach me to solve their technical issues.
43. With Medication and Psychotherapy What else a Bipolar Disorder Patients can do for him or herself to manage their life better?
45. • Monitor and elevate your mood • Develop a schedule • Sleep hygiene • Limit stress • Take your time in making wise decisions • Build a good support network • Join a support group • Communicate openly • Exercise frequently • Find new hobbies • Take time to relax • Be more optimistic • Avoid alcohol and drugs • Take medications only as prescribed • Make a wellbeing plan • Make a suicide safety plan