Erlang/OTP初心者がシステムを構築するまで - 第62回 SEA関西プロセス分科会

&SMBOH051ॳ৺ऀ ͕ γεςϜΛߏங͢Δ·Ͱ લ໺ɹོҰ ೥݄೔ 4&",BOTBJ

ࣗݾ঺հ w גࣜձࣾ43"  ؔ੢ࣄۀ෦ɹ։ൃ෦ॴଐ  લ໺ɹོҰ &SMBOHʹڵຯΛ࣋ͬͨͷ͸ɺ೥Ґ ͦΕ·Ͱɺ3VCZ1)1+BWB4DSJQU౳Ͱ։ൃΛ ߦͬͯ·ͨ͠ɻ ͍·Ͱ΋։ൃͯ͠·͢ɻ

໨త w &SMBOH051Λ஌Βͳ͍ਓʹ஌ͬͯ΋Β͏ w &SMBOH051ͷ࢖͍ํΛ஌ͬͯ΋Β͏ w &SMBOH051ͷੑೳΛ஌ͬͯ΋Β͏ w &SMBOH051ʹ࠷దͳΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ஌ͬͯ ΋Β͏

ຊ೔࿩͢ࣄ w &SMBOH051ͷࡉ͔ͳ෦෼Λ௥͍͔͚ΕΔΑ͏ʹ ͢Δํ๏ w &SMBOH051Ͱ࢖ΘΕΔσʔλܕ w 051Λগ͚ͩ͠ w &SMBOH051Λಈ͔͢ํ๏

ຊ೔࿩͞ͳ͍ࣄ w &SMBOH051ͷࡉ͔ͳ෦෼ w ଞϊʔυ ผϚγϯPSಉҰϚγϯͷҟͳΔϊʔυ ͱͷ΍ΓͱΓ ෼ࢄػೳ

ੑೳධՁ ಉ࣌઀ଓ w $,8FCTPDLFU5FTU w IUUQTHJUIVCDPNFSJDNPSJU[XTEFNPCMPCSFTVMUT WSFTVMUTNE Implementation Latency
(mean) Messages Connections Connection Timeouts &SMBOH $PXCPZ NT +BWB 8FCCJU NT /PEFKT XFCTPDLFU NT ೥ɿಉ࣌ ઀ଓ ඵؒϝοηʔδ઀ଓ ඵ࿈ଓՔಇ

&SMBOH051ʹదͨ͠ΞϓϦ ௨৴γεςϜ ϓϩτίϧม׵ ௨৴ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ 8FCαʔό "1* 8FC4PDLFUαʔό IUUQXXXFSMBOHPSHGBRJOUSPEVDUJPOIUNM
͸ݸਓతʹద͍ͯ͠Δͱࢥ͍ͬͯΔɻ (P+BWBͰ΋ྑ͍ͱ͸ࢥ͏ɻ

&SMBOH051 Λ஌͖͔͚ͬͨͬ

͖͔͚ͬ w ೥ࠒɺؔ਺ܕͷݴޠʹڵຯΛ࣋ͬͨɻ w ࠷ॳ)BTLFMMɺ࣍ʹ&SMBOHΛ৮ͬͯΈͨɻ w ຊΛಡΜͩ݁Ռɺ)BTLFMMͱൺֱͯ͠ɺ  &SMBOHͷํ͕ѻ͍΍ͦ͢͏ͳҹ৅ɻ w +BWB7.্Ͱಈؔ͘਺ܕʹ͸ڵຯ͕ແ͍ɻ

&SMBOHͷҹ৅ w ϥΠϒϥϦͷݟ͚ͭํ͕෼͔Βͳ͍ɻ w 3VCZͷHFNͷ༷ͳ΋ͷ͸ແ͍ɻ w ϥΠϒϥϦͷ૊ΈࠐΈํ๏͕෼͔Γʹ͍͘ɻ w ίϯύΠϧ͕໘౗͍͘͞ɻ
% erl : : Eshell V6.3 (abort with ^G) 1> c(test). {ok,test} 2>

&SMBOHͷҹ৅ w ϦϦʔεϞδϡʔϧͷ࡞Γํ͕෼͔Βͳ͍ɻ w &SMBOH051ͷݴޠ࢓༷ʹؔͯ͠͸ֶशίετ͸ ௿͍ͱࢥ͏ɻ w Ϣʔβ͕গͳ͍ɻ

ͱ͍͏ࣄͰɺ ్தͰఘΊ·ͨ͠ɻ ࢓ࣄͰ࢖Θͳ͍ͱࢥͬͨɻ

࢓ࣄ w ೥ͷ݄ٸᬎ&SMBOH051ͷ࢓ࣄ͕ൃੜɻ w &SMBOH051Λ࠾༻ͨ͠ཧ༝ w ߴ͍଱ো֐ੑ Քಇ཰ w
ฒߦͱ෼ࢄ͕ಘҙ w େྔͷ8FC4PDLFUΞΫηεʹରԠग़དྷͦ͏

৘ใͷऩूํ๏

৘ใͷऩूํ๏ w &SMBOH1SPHSBNNJOH-BOHVBHF  IUUQXXXFSMBOHPSH w &SMBOH$FOUSBM8JLJ  IUUQFSMBOHDFOUSBMPSHXJLJJOEFYQIQ w FSMBOHVTFSTKQ 
IUUQFSMBOHVTFSTKQ w ίτϋδϝ &SMBOH   IUUQWPMVOUBTHJUIVCJP

৘ใͷऩूํ๏ w 2JJUB  IUUQRJJUBDPNUBHTFSMBOH w -FBSOZPVTPNF&SMBOHGPSHSFBUHPPE  ͷ೔ຊޠ༁  IUUQXXXZNPUPOHQPPDPNXPSLTMZTFKBJOEFYIUNM w
&YQMPSF(JU)VC  IUUQTHJUIVCDPNUSFOEJOH MFSMBOHTJODFNPOUIMZ w )PX*4UBSU &SMBOH8JUI'SFE)FCFSU   IUUQXXXIPXJTUBSUPSHQPTUTFSMBOH

υΩϡϝϯτ w IUUQFSMBOHPSHEPD w ྑ͋͘Δදݱ w TQBXO@MJOLͱ͔TQBXO@MJOLͱ͔ɻ  TQBXO@MJOLOͷOͷ෦෼͸Ҿ਺ͷ਺Λදͯ͠ ͍Δɻ

ॻ੶ ͍͢͝ErlangΏ͔͍ʹֶ΅͏ʂ Erlangϓϩάϥϛϯά ϓϩάϥϛϯάErlang Designing for Scalability with Erlang Programming
Erlang, 2nd Edition Erlang and OTP in Action Erlang

͓͢͢Ί w (FUUJOH4UBSUFEXJUI&SMBOH6TFST (VJEF  IUUQXXXFSMBOHPSHEPDHFUUJOH@TUBSUFE VTFST@HVJEFIUNM w ίτϋδϝ &SMBOH  
IUUQWPMVOUBTHJUIVCJP w ॻ੶ ͍͢͝ErlangΏ͔͍ʹֶ΅͏ʂ ϓϩάϥϛϯάErlang

5XJUUFS w IUUQXXXQSPHSBNNFSQSPpMFOFU

&SMBOH051ͱ͸ʁ

&SMBOH051 w ؔ਺ܕ w ಈతܕ෇͚ w &SMBOH7.্Ͱಈ࡞ w ฒߦॲཧɿ.FTTBHF1BTTJOH "DUPS.PEFM

։ൃ؀ڥ

։ൃ؀ڥ 04 w 8JOEPXT  IUUQXXXFSMBOHPSHEPXOMPBEIUNM  ͔Β#JOBSZ'JMFΛμ΢ϯϩʔυͯ͠Πϯετʔϧ w -JOVY  %JTUSJCVUJPOຖʹҟͳΔɻ ZVNBQU
  ύοέʔδ͕ࡉ͔͘෼ׂ͞Ε͍ͯΔҝɺιʔείʔυ͔Β  Πϯετʔϧͨ͠ํ͕ྑ͍ w .BD049  CSFXJOTUBMMFSMBOH

։ൃ؀ڥ ΤσΟλ w &NBDT σϑΥϧτͷ։ൃ؀ڥιʔείʔυʹόϯυϧ w 7JN w 4VCMJNF5FYU
w ϝϞா 8JOEPXTͷਓ͸͜ΕΛ࢖͍ͬͯΔͱฉ͍ͨ͜ͱ͕͋Δɻ w *OUFMMJ+ FSMBOHQMVHJO

։ൃ؀ڥ &SMBOH051ΛϏϧυ w ιʔείʔυ͔ΒίϯύΠϧ͢Δͷ͕Φεεϝɻ w LFSM IUUQTHJUIVCDPNZSBTILLFSM Λ࢖ͬͯίϯύΠϧ w ෳ਺ͷόʔδϣϯΛ؅ཧͯ͘͠ΕΔ
w SCFOWOPEFCSFXͷ༷ͳ؅ཧϚωʔδϟʔ w ೔ຊޠͷղઆهࣄ w LFSMͰ(JU)VC൛ͷ&SMBOHΛΠϯετʔϧ͢Δ  IUUQRJJUBDPNKKCEYJUFNTGECBGDFDBCE

։ൃ؀ڥ Ϗϧυπʔϧ w SFCBS w SFCBS ·ͩ࢖ͬͨ͜ͱ͕ແ͍ɻ w FSMBOHNL
w .BLFpMF w SFCBSΛϥοϐϯά

։ൃ؀ڥ ςετ w ςετ w &6OJU ୯ମςετ w $PNNPO5FTUT
γεςϜςετ w ςετ༻ϥΠϒϥϦ w .FDL ϞοΫϥΠϒϥϦ

։ൃ؀ڥ πʔϧ w &%PD w ϓϩάϥϜͷυΩϡϝϯτΛੜ੒ w %JBMZ[FS w ܕղੳπʔϧ
w DPWFS w ΧόϨοδ w YSFG w ࢖ΘΕͳ͘ͳͬͨؔ਺΍ະఆٛͷؔ਺Λऔಘ

։ൃ؀ڥ σόοά w JPGPSNBUʹΑΔσόοά w ϩΨʔΛ࢖͏ MBHFS   IUUQTHJUIVCDPNCBTIPMBHFS   
σόοΨʔ͕ඞཁͳ΄Ͳ΍΍͍͜͠ॲཧΛॻ࣌͘఺ Ͱؒҧ͍ͬͯΔͱฉ͍ͨهԱ͕ɻɻɻ

։ൃख๏

։ൃख๏ w ΞΫλʔϞσϧ "DUPS.PEFM   IUUQKBXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJΞΫλʔϞσϧ w ࣗPSଞͷΞΫλʔʹϝοηʔδΛૹ৴͢Δ w ৽ͨͳΞΫλʔΛੜ੒͢Δ
w ड৴͢Δϝοηʔδʹର͢Δಈ࡞Λࢦఆ͢Δ w ϝοηʔδ͸Ωϡʔʹͨ·Δ

։ൃख๏ w ΞΫλʔϞσϧ "DUPS.PEFM   IUUQKBXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJΞΫλʔϞσϧ w ϝοηʔδ͕ΩϡʔʹೖΔॱং͸อূ͠ͳ͍ w Ωϡʔ͸ϝʔϧϘοΫεͱݺΜͰ͍Δ
w ΞΫλʔ͸ΧϓηϧԽ͓ͯ͠Γɺ͓ޓ͍ͷ৘ใΛ ڞ༗͢Δࣄ͸ग़དྷͳ͍

։ൃख๏ Կ͔ͷॲཧΛߦ͏ɻ Actor model Message Message P P P P
P P Mailbox ΞΫλʔϞσϧ

࣮ફฤ

σʔλܕ

5FSNT w σʔλܕΛ૯শͯ͠5FSN ߲ ͱݺΜͰ͍·͢

/VNCFS ‣ ੔਺ ‣ ਐ਺ ‣ ਐ਺ ‣ ਐ਺ ‣
ਐ਺ ‣ ਐ਺ ‣ ුಈখ਺఺ Eshell V6.3 (abort with ^G) 1> 128. 128 2> 16#1f. 31 3> 2#10. 2 4> 32#10. 32 5> 1.234E-10. 1.234e-10 6> 1.234E+10. 1.234e10

"UPN w $΍+BWBͷྻڍܕʹ͍ۙɺ·ͨ͸3VCZͷ4ZNCPM w ($ର৅֎ͳͷͰ࢖͍͗͢ʹ஫ҙ w ྫ w IFMMP
w IFMMP@XPSME w .POEBZ w IFMMPXPSME 10.1 Memory  http://www.erlang.org/doc/efficiency_guide/advanced.html

#JOBSZ w &SMBOH051͸όΠφϦΛޮ཰తʹѻ͏ࣄ͕ग़དྷ Δ༷ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ  ੵۃతʹ#JOBSZΛ࢖͏΂͖ w ྫ w
w "#$ Eshell V6.3 (abort with ^G) 1> <<65,66,67>>. <<"ABC">> 2>

3FGFSFODF w Ұҙͳ5FSN w σʔλʹؚΊ͓͍ͯͯɺޙͰࣗ෼͕ੜ੒ͨ͠σʔ λͳͷ͔൑அ͢Δ৔߹౳ʹศར w NBLF@SFGͰ࡞੒ w 3FG
Eshell V6.3 (abort with ^G) 1> make_ref(). #Ref<0.0.0.30> 2> make_ref(). #Ref<0.0.0.35>

'VO w ؔ਺ΦϒδΣΫτ w ແ໊ؔ਺Λ࡞੒͢Δࣄ͕ग़དྷΔ w ྫ w 'VOGVO
9 9 FOE Eshell V6.3 (abort with ^G) 1> Fun1=fun(X) -> X+1 end. #Fun<erl_eval.6.90072148> 2> Fun1(100). 101

1PSU w ϑΝΠϧσΟεΫϦϓλɺιέοτͷΑ͏ʹɺ &SMBOH051͕֎෦ͱ΍ΓͱΓग़དྷΔ༷ʹ  ͢Δҝͷ΋ͷ w ྫ w 1PQFO@QPSU
\TQBXO MT^ <> w 11PSU Eshell V6.3 (abort with ^G) 1> P = open_port({spawn, "ls"}, []). #Port<0.550> 2> flush(). Shell got {#Port<0.550>, {data,"main.yml\n"}} ok

1JE w ϓϩηεࣝผࢠ w ྫ w 1JETQBXO PT DNE
<lMT> w 1JE Eshell V6.3 (abort with ^G) 1> Func1=fun(X) -> X+1 end. #Fun<erl_eval.6.90072148> 2> Parent=self(). <0.32.0> 3> Pid1 = spawn(fun() -> erlang:send(Parent, Func1(100)) end). <0.36.0> 4> flush(). Shell got 101 ok

5VQMF w Α͘ύλʔϯϚονϯάʹ࢖༻͞Εͯ·͢ɻ w ϑΥʔϚοτ\5FSN 5FSN/^ w ྫ
w \PL \OBNF l&SMBOH^^ w \FSSPS FOPFOU^

.BQ w ,FZ7BMVFͷσʔλܕ w ϑΥʔϚοτ\,FZ7BMVF ,FZ/7BMVF/^ w ྫ
w .\OBNFFSMBOH EBUF\GFC ^^ Eshell V6.3 (abort with ^G) 1> M1 = #{name=>erlang, date=>{feb, 14}}. #{date => {feb,14},name => erlang} 2> #{name := N1} = M1. #{date => {feb,14},name => erlang} 3> N1. erlang

-JTU w MJOLFEMJTUT w < ><c<c<c<>>>> w σʔλΛϦετʹ௥Ճ͢Δͱ͖͸ɺϦετͷઌ಄ʹ
௥Ճ͢΂͖ɻ

-JTU ‣ Add head 1 2 3 0 list =
[0] + [1,2,3] 0 1 2 3 list = ‣ Add tail list =[1,2,3] + [4] 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 list = ৽͘͠ϦετΛ࡞੒ 0 ௥Ճ ௥Ճ

4USJOH w ੔਺ͷϦετ w ೋॏҾ༻ූ l ͰғΉ w ྫ
w lBCD w < >BCD w <B C D>BCD Eshell V6.3 (abort with ^G) 1> "abc" =:= [97,98,99]. true 2>

3FDPSE w ಛघͳ5VQMF w 5VQMF͸ཁૉͷҐஔͰಛఆ͢Δͷʹରͯ͠ɺ3FDPSE͸໊લͰҐ ஔΛಛఆ͢Δɻ w ྫ w
SE JUFN \JE OBNF QSJDF^ w "QQMFJUFN\JE OBNF"QQMF QSJDF ^ w JUFN\OBNF/BNF^"QQMF

3FDPSE Eshell V6.3 (abort with ^G) 1> rd(person, {name =
"", phone = [], address}). person 2> P = #person{name = "Joe", phone = [0,8,2,3,4,3,1,2]}. #person{name = "Joe", phone = [0,8,2,3,4,3,1,2], address = undefined} 3> P#person.name. "Joe" 4> P1 = #person{name="Joe", phone=[1,2,3], address="A street"}. #person{name = "Joe",phone = [1,2,3],address = "A street"} 5> P2 = P1#person{name="Robert"}. #person{name = "Robert", phone = [1,2,3], address = "A street"} 6> P3 = #person{name="Joe", phone=[0,0,7], address="A street"}. #person{name = "Joe",phone = [0,0,7],address = "A street"} 7> #person{name = Name} = P3, Name. "Joe"

#PPMFBO w &SMBOHʹ#PPMFBOܕ͸ແ͘ɺUSVFͱGBMTF͸ "UPNܕͰ͋Δɻ w ྫ w w
USVFbUSVF Eshell V6.3 (abort with ^G) 1> 2 =< 3. true 2> true == 'true'. true

051 0QFO5FMFDPN1MBUGPSN

051 ‣ "QQMJDBUJPO#FIBWJPVST ‣ BQQMJDBUJPO ‣ ൚༻051ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯؔ਺ ‣ TVQFSWJTPS ‣
൚༻εʔύόΠβϏϔΠϏΞ ‣ HFO@TFSWFS ‣ ൚༻αʔόϏϔΠϏΞ ‣ HFO@FWFOU ‣ ൚༻Πϕϯυॲཧ༻ϏϔΠϏΞ ‣ HFO@GTN ‣ ൚༻༗ݶঢ়ଶػցϏϔΠϏΞ

051 LW@BQQ LW@TVQ LW@NPOJUPS LW@NBOBHF NOFTJB@TVQ NOFTJB@FWFOU NOFTJB@LFSOFM@TV NOFTJB@DPOUSPMMF NOFTJB@MPDLF
NOFTJB@NPOJUP NOFTJB@SFDPWF ࠶ىಈઓུ SFTU@GPS@POF TJNQMF@POF@GPS@POF LW@NPOJUPS POF@GPS@POF ΋͠ɺࢠϓϩηε͕ఀࢭͨ͠Β ͦͷϓϩηεͷΈ࠶ىಈ͢Δɻ NOFTJB@DPOUSPMMF NOFTJB@MPDLF NOFTJB@NPOJUP NOFTJB@SFDPWF BQQMJDBUJPO TVQFSWJTPS XPSLFS 4UBSU 4UBSUBOE8BUDI POF@GPS@BMM ΋͠ɺࢠϓϩηε͕ఀࢭͨ͠Βɺ ଞͷશͯͷࢠϓϩηεΛఀࢭͯ͠ɺ͢΂ͯͷࢠϓϩηεΛ࠶ىಈ͢Δɻ

Ϛον

ύλʔϯϚον if_func(N) -> if N =:= 1 -> one; N
=:= 2 -> two; true -> other end. if_func(1) -> one; if_func(2) -> two; if_func(_) -> other. Λ౉ͨ͠ΒUISFFΛฦ༷͢ʹ͔ͨͬͨ͠Βʁ

ϓϩδΣΫτ࡞੒ ͔Β ϦϦʔε·Ͱ

ϓϩδΣΫτ࡞੒ ϓϩδΣΫτͷσΟϨΫτϦΛ࡞੒ σΟϨΫτϦʹҠಈͯ͠SFCBSϑΝΠϧΛऔಘ XHFUIUUQTSBXHJUIVCDPNXJLJSFCBSSFCBSSFCBS  DINPEV YSFCBS ϓϩδΣΫτΛ࡞੒
SFCBSDSFBUFBQQBQQJEBQQMJDBUJPOJE

ίʔυͷ௥Ճͱमਖ਼ TSDσΟϨΫτϦʹରͯ͠ϑΝΠϧΛ௥Ճ·ͨम ਖ਼Λߦ͏ɻ w TSDBQQJEBQQTSD  ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ࢓༷ϑΝΠϧ w TSDBQQJE@BQQFSM  ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϏϔΠϏΞϑΝΠϧ
w TSDBQQJE@TVQFSM  εʔύʔόΠβϏϔΠϏΞϑΝΠϧ

Ϗϧυ $PNQJMF SFCBSDPNQJMF $MFBOVQ SFCBSDMFBO

ґଘؔ܎ͷղܾ ϓϩδΣΫτσΟϨΫτϦ಺ʹSFCBSDPOpHΛ ࡞੒ͯ͠ɺґଘؔ܎ͷઃఆΛهड़ \EFQT <  \DPXCPZ  
\HJU HJUHJUIVCDPNFYUFOEDPXCPZHJU NBTUFS^^  >^ SFCBSίϚϯυΛ࢖ͬͯίʔυΛऔಘ͢Δɻ SFCBSHFUEFQT

ϦϦʔεϞδϡʔϧ SFMσΟϨΫτϦΛ࡞੒ SFMσΟϨΫτϦ಺ͰઃఆϑΝΠϧͷͻͳܗΛ࡞੒ SFCBSDSFBUFOPEFOPEFJEOPEFJE ઃఆϑΝΠϧ SFMUPPMDPOpH ͷฤू
HFOFSBUFͰϞδϡʔϧΛ࡞੒ SFCBSHFOFSBUF

ϦϦʔεϞδϡʔϧΛ࣮ߦ SFMOPEFJECJOOPEFJEΛ࣮ߦ  Ҿ਺͸ɺ  ɹOPEFJEIFMQ  Ͱ֬ೝ ىಈ  OPEFJETUBSU
ఀࢭ  OPEFJETUPQ

8FCϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ

ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ w $PXCPZ w :BXT w ;PUPOJD w $IJDBHP#PTT w
XFCNBDIJOF CVJMEPONPDIJXFC

σϞ $PXCPZͰ8FC4PDLFU αʔόʔΛ࡞Δ

ࢀߟ63- IUUQXXXFSMBOHPSH IUUQXXXFSMBOHPSHEPDVNFOUBUJPO IUUQFSMBOHVTFSTKQ IUUQLVFOJTIJIBUFOBEJBSZKQFOUSZ IUUQRJJUBDPNBEWFOUDBMFOEBSFSMBOH IUUQTJMFHJUIVCJPTMJEFLCL[@UFDI@ IUUQNBHB[JOFSVCZJTUOFU -FHXPSL IUUQTHJTUHJUIVCDPNWPMVOUBT
IUUQFSMBOHTIJCVKQJOEFYIUNM

Erlang/OTP初心者がシステムを構築するまで - 第62回 SEA関西プロセス分科会

Erlang/OTP初心者がシステムを構築するまで - 第62回 SEA関西プロセス分科会

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