Robolectricの限界を理解してUIテストを高速に実行しよう / Let's run UI Test faster with understanding limit of Robolectric

DroidKaigi 2020で発表予定だった資料「Robolectricの限界を理解してUIテストを高速に実行しよう」のスライドです。
「DeNA.apk #2【カンファレンス中止でも登壇はしたい】Day2」でライブ配信します。

サンプルコードURL: https://github.com/sumio/robolectric-espresso-samples

Transcript

1. Robolectric UI    
   2020.03.17 (DeNA.apk #2 Day 2)   (sumio_tym)
2. $ 2 p :  # (TOYAMA Sumio) @sumio_tym (Twitter) / @sumio (GitHub) p  : DeNA SWET
   (Software Engineer in Test) p :  p : Android "! https://peaks.cc/sumio_tym/android_testing
3. )  3 Espresso-  Robolectric'  
   /%  p Robolectric!'* p Robolectric.+1$0 " #& p Robolectric'(,
   '(, p Robolectric'  UI
4. %) 4 p .+ p Robolectric
    p Espresso& Local Test p Espresso- "* ( p ,$'#Android Jetpack Components p ,$'#Espresso API p Robolectric !
   UI
5. %) 5 p .+ p Robolectric
    p Espresso& Local Test p Espresso- "* ( p ,$'#Android Jetpack Components p ,$'#Espresso API p Robolectric !
   UI
6. 
     6 This image is reproduced from work (https://d.android.com/training/testing/fundamentals) created and shared by the Android Open Source Project (https://d.android.com/license) and used according to terms described in the Creative Commons 2.5 Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/).
7.    7 This image is reproduced from work (https://d.android.com/training/testing/fundamentals) created and shared by the Android Open Source Project (https://d.android.com/license) and used according to terms described in the Creative Commons 2.5 Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/). Local Test PC
    Instrumented Test Android
       
    UI Tests   Integration Tests Unit Tests  
8. Local TestInstrumented Test  8 Local Test Instrumented Test   PC (JVM) Android 
   
   Android API 
    (Espresso API) 
     
   
    src/test src/androidTest
9. Local Test Instrumented Test  9 Local Test Instrumented Test   PC (JVM) Android  
   Android API    (Espresso API)     
     src/test src/androidTest   
10. +25-Robolectric 10 p JVM# Android !',   (http://robolectric.org/) p *&!: 4.3.1 p 3rd party3
    / Android)0  p $Instrumented/Local Test1% (   Robolectric.4"(Project Nitrogen) (
    ) (
    ) Copyright 6 2010 Xtreme Labs, Pivotal Labs and Google Inc. This logo image (https://github.com/robolectric/robolectric/blob/master/images/robolectric-horizontal.png) is licensed under The MIT License (https://github.com/robolectric/robolectric/blob/master/LICENSE).
11. $*-% Robolectric 11 p JVMAndroid
     
    
     (http://robolectric.org/) p #  : 4.3.1 p 3rd party +
    ' Android "( p  Instrumented/Local Test ) !   Robolectric &, (Project Nitrogen) (
    ) (
    ) Copyright . 2010 Xtreme Labs, Pivotal Labs and Google Inc. This logo image (https://github.com/robolectric/robolectric/blob/master/images/robolectric-horizontal.png) is licensed under The MIT License (https://github.com/robolectric/robolectric/blob/master/LICENSE).
12. Local TestRobolectric 3.x   12 Local Test /w Robolectric 3.x Instrumented Test   PC (JVM) Android 
    
    Android API   (Espresso API) 
      
    
      src/test src/androidTest
13. Local TestRobolectric 4.x  13 Local Test /w Robolectric 4.x Instrumented Test    PC (JVM) Android 
    
    Android API   (Espresso API)     
    
       src/test src/androidTest
14. Robolectric 4.x  14 Local Test UI Test   p  
     UI Test   p UI Test    (  
    ) This image is a modification based on work (https://d.android.com/training/testing/fundamentals ) created and shared by the Android Open Source Project (https://d.android.com/license) and used according to terms described in the Creative Commons 2.5 Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/).
15. Robolectric 4.xEspresso Support*1 15 p Robolectric 4.x Espresso Support
    p 74UI Test ).   p Robolectric32( ) 5+ %/ p "!$0 p #!&6-'  ,
16. Robolectric 4.x(  16 p Robolectric  &  p *% "'  $&  p Robolectric! (#))   p Robolectric(#)) 
     $,- +  
17. %) 17 p .+ p Robolectric
     p Espresso& Local Test p Espresso- "* ( p ,$'#Android Jetpack Components p ,$'#Espresso API p Robolectric !
    UI
18. Robolectric (05) 18 p JVM% Android ! #)- !" (http://robolectric.org/) p ,( #: 4.3.1 p 3rd party3
    /Android+1!" p &Instrumented/Local Test2' *  Robolectric.4$(Project Nitrogen) (
    ) (
    ) Copyright 6 2010 Xtreme Labs, Pivotal Labs and Google Inc. This logo image (https://github.com/robolectric/robolectric/blob/master/images/robolectric-horizontal.png) is licensed under The MIT License (https://github.com/robolectric/robolectric/blob/master/LICENSE).
19. Robolectric: Android! ,) 19 1. Android (jar)!  https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.robolectric/android-all 2. ! Android%-
     3. %#$ *    p Robolectric&'Shadow
     
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20. Robolectric: Shadow   20 p Android +
     
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21. Robolectric: 2  (0/ .6 21 ( @Before p 4'#
    !%" onCreate1 p static
    $ (+&  ,-) p JVM5 SQLite(3(sqlite4java))* p 
    
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22. Robolectric: 
     
    ! 22   
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    ) p     (  ) p   (AsyncTask ) (  )
23. Robolectric: 23 &%
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     !(  )
24. Robolectric: LEGACY# PAUSED# 24 Looper Mode46Robolectric4.3PAUSED2' LEGACY
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     p )-"%* .1  p EspressoUI 
25. Robolectric: LEGACY(%PAUSED(% 25 Looper Mode<?Robolectric4.3 PAUSED9, LEGACY
     p )&"$#!$-67+=1 p .3 '*/ ; UI    2 PAUSED
     p .3 '*/ 58  p EspressoUI#!$   0> PAUSED
     4:
26. Robolectric:    26 p Robolectric "( p JVM! Android ! p Android & Shadow )+ p $"
      p Espresso PAUSED Looper Mode p    #'% &"  p '% $(,*
    $- 
    p 
    
      # 
27. %) 27 p .+ p Robolectric
     p Espresso& Local Test p Espresso- "* ( p ,$'#Android Jetpack Components p ,$'#Espresso API p Robolectric !
    UI
28.   : build.gradle 28 android { ... testOptions { unitTests.includeAndroidResources = true } } Robolectric
    
29.  : () 29 
      Latest Stable Version(
    ) androidx.test:core-ktx 1.2.0 androidx.test.ext:junit-ktx 1.1.1 androidx.test.espresso:espresso-contrib 3.2.0 org.robolectric:robolectric 4.3.1 
     testImplementation  (
    )2020/03/01
30.  : 
     30 p src/test  
     p src/androidTest  
    
31.  :    31 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class) @LooperMode(LooperMode.Mode.PAUSED) class MyRobolectricTest { @get:Rule val activityScenarioRule = activityScenarioRule<MyActivity>() ... } PAUSED Looper Mode  
    ActivityTestRule
    
32.  :  32 p targetSdkVersion29JDK9 p JDK8
    Robolectric 28 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class) @LooperMode(LooperMode.Mode.PAUSED) @Config(sdk = 28) class MyRobolectricTest { ... }
33. :    33 p Local TestRobolectricEspresso  OK p  p Instrumented Test  p PAUSED Looper Mode p ActivityTestScenario 
    p   SDK
     
34. %) 34 p .+ p Robolectric
     p Espresso& Local Test p Espresso- "* ( p ,$'#Android Jetpack Components p ,$'#Espresso API p Robolectric !
    UI
35. 9' : Espresso(.)0/8*57; 35 Instrumented Robolectric $&% #   AsyncTask   IdlingResource   <)06- 31>+=?9  
    Espresso(.)0/8 A DroidKaigi 2018,2  Espresso!"#)06-:( http://bit.ly/2QdCeBt )4@  
36. : Robolectric   36 !1: View '(  
     p +  p Instrumented Test  $#   !2: RobolectricEspresso " & p Instrumented Test  $#  p Espresso ,*(OSS)  p Robolectric )%
37. - % : Robolectric- %  37 !1: View '(  
     p +'( p Instrumented Test !$#   !2: RobolectricEspresso " & p Instrumented Test !$#  p Espresso*,*(OSS)+) p Robolectric&, )% $"# '(/.  
38. : 
     38 UiController 
      loopMainThreadUntilIdle()  p 
        META-INF/services/ androidx.test.platform.ui.UiController p Espresso : UiControllerImpl p Robolectric : LocalUiController
39. : Robolectric 
     39 LocalUiController.loopMainThreadUntilIdle() @Override public void loopMainThreadUntilIdle() { shadowMainLooper().idle(); }      
40. : Espresso 
     40 UiControllerImpl.loopMainThreadUntilIdle() ... do { if (!asyncIdle.isIdleNow()) { ... } if (!compatIdle.isIdleNow()) { ... } if (!dynamicIdle.isIdleNow()) { ... } dynamicIdle = loopUntil(..., dynamicIdle); } while (!asyncIdle.isIdleNow() || !compatIdle.isIdleNow() || !dynamicIdle.isIdleNow());
41.  : Espresso  
     41 ... do { if (!asyncIdle.isIdleNow()) { ... } if (!compatIdle.isIdleNow()) { ... } if (!dynamicIdle.isIdleNow()) { ... } dynamicIdle = loopUntil(..., dynamicIdle); } while (!asyncIdle.isIdleNow() || !compatIdle.isIdleNow() || !dynamicIdle.isIdleNow());     UiControllerImpl.loopMainThreadUntilIdle()
42. 
    :  loopMain...  42 class IdlingLocalUiController extends LocalUiController { ... public void loopMainThreadUntilIdle() { ... do { ... if (!dynamicIdle.isIdleNow()) { ... } dynamicIdle = loopUntil(..., dynamicIdle); ShadowLooper.shadowMainLooper().idle(); } while (!dynamicIdle.isIdleNow()); } }
43. 
    :  loopMain...  43 class IdlingLocalUiController extends LocalUiController { ... public void loopMainThreadUntilIdle() { ... do { ... if (!dynamicIdle.isIdleNow()) { ... } dynamicIdle = loopUntil(..., dynamicIdle); ShadowLooper.shadowMainLooper().idle(); } while (!dynamicIdle.isIdleNow()); } } Robolectric  
44. class IdlingLocalUiController extends LocalUiController { ... public void loopMainThreadUntilIdle() { ... do { ... if (!dynamicIdle.isIdleNow()) { ... } dynamicIdle = loopUntil(..., dynamicIdle); ShadowLooper.shadowMainLooper().idle(); } while (!dynamicIdle.isIdleNow()); } } :  loopMain...   44 loopMainThreadUntilIdle
    
    
45. class IdlingLocalUiController extends LocalUiController { ... public void loopMainThreadUntilIdle() { ... do { ... if (!dynamicIdle.isIdleNow()) { ... } dynamicIdle = loopUntil(..., dynamicIdle); ShadowLooper.shadowMainLooper().idle(); } while (!dynamicIdle.isIdleNow()); } }  :  loopMain...   45 Espresso
    dynamicIdle 
46. class IdlingLocalUiController extends LocalUiController { ... public void loopMainThreadUntilIdle() { ... do { ... if (!dynamicIdle.isIdleNow()) { ... } dynamicIdle = loopUntil(..., dynamicIdle); ShadowLooper.shadowMainLooper().idle(); } while (!dynamicIdle.isIdleNow()); } } : loopMain... 46 1
47. :    
    47 robolectric-4.3.1.jar 
     META-INF/services/ androidx.test.platform.ui.UiController - org.robolectric.android.internal.LocalUiController + androidx.test.espresso.base.IdlingLocalUiController
48. - org.robolectric.android.internal.LocalUiController + androidx.test.espresso.base.IdlingLocalUiController : . 48 robolectric-4.3.1.jar 
     META-INF/services/ androidx.test.platform.ui.UiController .
49.  :   
     49 - final Message m = getNextMessage(); + Duration nextScheduledTaskTime = + shadowOf(Looper.myLooper()) + .getNextScheduledTaskTime(); ... - m.getTarget().dispatchMessage(m); + Thread.sleep(nextScheduledTaskTime.toMillis()); + shadowOf(Looper.myLooper()).runToNextTask();
50.  :   
     50 - final Message m = getNextMessage(); + Duration nextScheduledTaskTime = + shadowOf(Looper.myLooper()) + .getNextScheduledTaskTime(); ... - m.getTarget().dispatchMessage(m); + Thread.sleep(nextScheduledTaskTime.toMillis()); + shadowOf(Looper.myLooper()).runToNextTask();  
     
51. (: 51 - final Message m = getNextMessage(); + Duration nextScheduledTaskTime = + shadowOf(Looper.myLooper()) + .getNextScheduledTaskTime(); ... - m.getTarget().dispatchMessage(m); + Thread.sleep(nextScheduledTaskTime.toMillis()); + shadowOf(Looper.myLooper()).runToNextTask(); ) 
    
52. : ) 52 - final Message m = getNextMessage(); + Duration nextScheduledTaskTime = + shadowOf(Looper.myLooper()) + .getNextScheduledTaskTime(); ... - m.getTarget().dispatchMessage(m); + Thread.sleep(nextScheduledTaskTime.toMillis()); + shadowOf(Looper.myLooper()).runToNextTask(); )
      (
53. 5 %: (1)+9 */.- 53  sleep ( )   p (4!# %    $:  3"!#  1.  2,78 Robolectric 603-  2. Espresso 5 % 
     ( $603) 3. " AppNotIdleException &'
54. A.": /?04O  54  E8 https://git.io/Jv2ej >K (commit B" <) (1)Robolectric*9Pull Request:2)
    MD04
    ,36@-J   LH http://bit.ly/2TSsKxQ #>K 
    +;URL/?04N 5I%(&CG *&($'=F!0457
55. +: * !# 55 p https://git.io/Jv2ej ,-% p & $' .
    README" IdlingResource ) Robolectric*   (/ ( http://bit.ly/2IKBGPD )
56. 0 # : /+ 56 p Instrumented Test),
    IdlingResource 
     p AsyncTask&. %#: ShadowPausedAsyncTask.overrideExecutor IdlingThreadPoolExecutor*' p UI AutomatorUiDevice.wait()  1$!" -(
57. 8' :  57 p RobolectricEspresso3 $&% #4< 8'  p Robolectric/9  IdlingResource(671 p ;+):-*0 https://git.io/Jv2ej 5= p Instrumented Test.2 IdlingResource3 Espresso!"
    #, p AsyncTask(671
58. %) 58 p .+ p Robolectric
     p Espresso& Local Test p Espresso- "* ( p ,$'#Android Jetpack Components p ,$'#Espresso API p Robolectric !
    UI
59. Jetpack:  59 Robolectric UI
      
    Robolectric 
    ↓ Android Architecture Component 20197 by Nozomi Takuma @ Android Test Night #7 (2019/07/25) http://bit.ly/32YCauI
60. Jetpack: JetpackRobolectric
      60  Jetpack  
    p LiveData, Room, WorkManager, etc.  Robolectric   
    
    p Room, WorkManager
61. Jetpack:    61 p RobolectricIdlingResource 
    Instrumented Test   p 2 p TaskExecutorWithIdlingResourceRule p DataBindingIdlingResource
62. Jetpack :    62 TaskExecutorWithIdlingResourceRule https://git.io/Jv2Ud p ArchTaskExecutor(AAC )   p 
     
    @get:Rule val executorRule = TaskExecutorWithIdlingResourceRule()
63. Jetpack :   
    -1 63 DataBindingIdlingResource https://git.io/Jv2UF p Data Binding   (Fragment) p DataBinding 
     
64. Jetpack :   
     -2 64 val dbIdlingResource = DataBindingIdlingResource() @Before fun setUp() { val scenario = activityScenarioRule.scenario dbIdlingResource.monitorActivity(scenario) IdlingRegistry.getInstance() .register(dbIndlingResource) } @After fun tearDown() { IdlingRegistry.getInstance() .unregister(dbIndlingResource) }
65. Jetpack:  -3 65 val dbIdlingResource = DataBindingIdlingResource() @Before fun setUp() { val scenario = activityScenarioRule.scenario dbIdlingResource.monitorActivity(scenario) IdlingRegistry.getInstance() .register(dbIndlingResource) } @After fun tearDown() { IdlingRegistry.getInstance() .unregister(dbIndlingResource) }
        
66. Jetpack: $!&-4 66 val dbIdlingResource = DataBindingIdlingResource() @Before fun setUp() { val scenario = activityScenarioRule.scenario dbIdlingResource.monitorActivity(scenario) IdlingRegistry.getInstance() .register(dbIndlingResource) } @After fun tearDown() { IdlingRegistry.getInstance() .unregister(dbIndlingResource) }
      # "%
67. Jetpack: Robolectric / 67   
    OK   DataBinding 
    LifeCycle 
    LiveData 
    Navigation (NavigationView )
    Paging (
     
    )
    Room
     ViewModel 
    WorkManager
     SavedState 
    
68. Jetpack: Robolectric /  68   
    OK   DataBinding 
    LifeCycle 
    LiveData 
    Navigation (NavigationView )
    Paging (
     
     )
    Room
     ViewModel 
    WorkManager
     SavedState 
       
69. Jetpack: Room   69 : Robolectric D p  DB : p  static R p  Room.databaseBuilder() : p DBDAO
    : 
70. Jetpack : Room (Android Sunflower) 70 @Database(...) abstract class AppDatabase : RoomDatabase() { abstract fun plantDao(): PlantDao companion object { @Volatile private var instance: AppDatabase? = null fun getInstance(ctx: Context): AppDatabase { return instance ?: synchronized(this) { instance ?: buildDatabase(ctx).also { instance = it } } }  
    
71. Jetpack: Room (Android Sunflower) 71 // 
    companion object private fun buildDatabase(ctx: Context) = Room .databaseBuilder(ctx, AppDatabase::class.java, DATABASE_NAME)...build() @VisibleForTesting(otherwise = NONE) fun clear() { instance = null } ...
72. Jetpack : Room (Android Sunflower) 72 // companion object private fun buildDatabase(ctx: Context) = Room .databaseBuilder(ctx, AppDatabase::class.java, DATABASE_NAME)...build() @VisibleForTesting(otherwise = NONE) fun clear() { instance = null } ...   )( )
73. Jetpack : Room (Android Sunflower) 73 // B A class TestApplication : Application() { override fun onCreate() { ... val db = AppDatabase.getInstance(this) PlantRepository.updateDao(db.plantDao()) ... } } P D P O ) (
74. Jetpack: Room(Android Sunflower) 74 // 
     @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class) @LooperMode(LooperMode.Mode.PAUSED) @Config(application = TestApplication::class) class RobolectricGardenActivityTest2 { ... @After fun tearDown() { val appDatabase = AppDatabase.getInstance( ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext()) appDatabase.close() AppDatabase.clear() } }
75. Jetpack: Room!(Android Sunflower)# 75 //   @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class) @LooperMode(LooperMode.Mode.PAUSED) @Config(application = TestApplication::class) class RobolectricGardenActivityTest2 { ... @After fun tearDown() { val appDatabase = AppDatabase.getInstance( ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext()) appDatabase.close() AppDatabase.clear() } }    "  
     
76. Jetpack".: WorkManager".  )0 76 ): WorkManager   p 345Work% (& p static-&/,6(! #!: ' "$
    p  '%$21  (http://bit.ly/332dPUP) src/test/AndroidManifest.xml *
    # 21 p WorkManagerTestInitHelper+ '%$  (http://bit.ly/2VVS5sk)
77. Jetpack : WorkManager  77 // src/test/AndroidManifest.xml <manifest xmlns:android="..." xmlns:tools="..."> <application> <provider android:name= "androidx.work.impl.WorkManagerInitializer" android:authorities= "${applicationId}.workmanager-init" tools:node="remove" /> </application> </manifest> 
    
78. Jetpack#: WorkManager#%) 78 //   class TestApplication : Application() { override fun onCreate() { ... WorkManagerTestInitHelper .initializeTestWorkManager(this) ... } } 
     • &'(
     "  •
     ! $
79. Jetpack08:  79 p Jetpack IdlingResource5
    14  p RoomWorkManager:60872 p #!%09)+/3 p  
     p NavigationView ('( *.&,-)=4 p Paging5 RecyclerView=4 (<,&$",& ; )
80. %) 80 p .+ p Robolectric
     p Espresso& Local Test p Espresso- "* ( p ,$'#Android Jetpack Components p ,$'#Espresso API p Robolectric !
    UI
81. Espresso API:  81 p withId() withText()  $ (!
    # %) p   click(), replaceText(), typeText(), scrollTo(), pressKey() p "  RecyclerViewActions
82. Espresso API:   82 p DrawerActions openDrawer()    p NavigationViewActions 
     
83. Espresso API:    83 p ! API2 p DrawerActions p NavigationViewActions p "
    
     (   )
84. %) 84 p .+ p Robolectric
     p Espresso& Local Test p Espresso- "* ( p ,$'#Android Jetpack Components p ,$'#Espresso API p Robolectric !
    UI
85. !UI: Robolectric-6 85 p /7(4 .
    +)   p NavigationView"&$% :0  9 p  #+*:0 # 8(4;, 1235'
86. !UI :   86 p  ' p 1Activity/Fragment, -$A(&B"%   p 1 hop (&.* -$A(&.* B"%   p 
    
     )# p Paging RecyclerView + 
87. UI: Shared Test  87 Instrumented TestLocal Test
      ? // app/build.gradle sourceSets { androidTest { java.srcDirs += file('src/sharedTest/java') } test { java.srcDirs += file('src/sharedTest/java') } }
88. UI: Shared Test # 88 Instrumented Test Local Test    ? // app/build.gradle sourceSets { androidTest { java.srcDirs += file('src/sharedTest/java') } test { java.srcDirs += file('src/sharedTest/java') } } androidTest test !
     src/sharedTest "
89. UI : Shared Test 89 
     src/sharedTest
     src/androidTest src/test src/sharedTest Instrumented Test Local Test
90. UI: Shared Test  # 90 p src/sharedTest p AndroidAPIRobolectric"  
    RobolectricAPI Android!  p EspressoAPI 
      p UI"
    src/sharedTest/ PageObject (http://bit.ly/2TzLLVF)  p 
     () ! (src/androidTest   src/test)
91. !UI:   91 p  "$#.'   p  )! p 1 Activity/Fragment-  p 1 hop *(/,  p Shared Test%&
    UI
     p PageObject+!
92. 
     92
93. *( 93 Espresso1  ! Robolectric+ 2,87 p Robolectric 
    static3/
    DB
    #$% p IdlingResource1 6 & '4 p Jetpack
    Espresso API0)5-. p  1 p Room
    WorkManager
    NavigationView
    Paging5- p 
     "
94. URL 94 p
    Improving Robolectric's Looper simulation http://robolectric.org/blog/2019/06/04/paused-looper/ p Issue #4870
    IdlingResource doesn't seem to be working with Robolectric https://github.com/robolectric/robolectric/issues/4807 p
    Espresso, Beyond the basicsby Iñaki Villar in 360|AnDev 2017 http://bit.ly/2wUb2Bc p
    Shared Test      by ksfee684 in Cookpad.apk #4 http://bit.ly/2WlQ2Ot
95. 3-URL ( 1:=,
    !() 95 p "2 UI Automator/  in DroidKaigi 2016 ( http://bit.ly/2TP3CYS ) p 2;+Espresso857. in DroidKaigi 2017 ( http://bit.ly/2TzLLVF ) p  Espresso#*6&9 in DroidKaigi 2018 ( http://bit.ly/2QdCeBt ) p EspressoAndroid)%$4  in DroidKaigi 2019 ( http://bit.ly/33lLwRp ) p .<Android'.(0=) https://peaks.cc/sumio_tym/android_testing
96. 96    Robolectric  UI