Understanding HTTP/2 prioritization

20e958629852b653fad35c99706fc3ac?s=47 Moto Ishizawa
June 15, 2015
Technology
18
4.5k

Understanding HTTP/2 prioritization

20e958629852b653fad35c99706fc3ac?s=128

Moto Ishizawa

June 15, 2015
Tweet

Want more?

20e958629852b653fad35c99706fc3ac?s=48 summerwind
1
2.9k
20e958629852b653fad35c99706fc3ac?s=48 summerwind
1
420
20e958629852b653fad35c99706fc3ac?s=48 summerwind
5
1.2k
3ab1249be442027903e1180025340b3f?s=48 reverentgeek
2
140
A9a491b0fcbe0fbce3d64063a37add99?s=48 rmw
1
68
766b9746b59e6f09e280cd33cf4ed419?s=48 skipperchong
0
68
61857dafbd287b3027c4dcea9008ad3c?s=48 carmenhchung
5
140
06f8b41980eb4c577fa40c41d5030c19?s=48 keathley
4
150
C0390e8b11079f8761c0cd3274ed61cb?s=48 productmarketing
2
220
C35e01544a0dd94a2cf1619ee8a42ebb?s=48 clairelew
2
420
6bb82b13cda86d3b821fa44100335ddf?s=48 thoeni
1
110
B3ace07412a5178ea778e7eec161fc0a?s=48 jcasabona
4
200

Transcript

  1. 1.

    Understanding HTTP/2 prioritization Moto Ishizawa @summerwind

  2. 2.

    Who? :-) • Platform Engineer @ Yahoo! JAPAN • Beacon

    platforms, Data pipelines • Reviewer of HPBN Japanese Edition • Sections: HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, WebRTC • HTTP/2 Japan Community • RFC7540 Japanese Translation, h2spec
  3. 3.

    HTTP/2 Prioritization • HTTP/2 client controls the transmission order of

    resources by priority • Priority is expressed by dependency and weight • Priority is a hint, server may ignore it • In the browser, there is a possibility that the priority affects the rendering • Prioritization might adversely affect the critical rendering path
  4. 4.

    Priority Tree 0 3 128 5 64 7 16 9

    16 Stream ID Weight Dependency
  5. 5.

    Priority Tree 0 3 128 5 64 7 16 9

    16 All streams are set weight 16 by default. All streams depend on the Stream ID 0 by default.
  6. 6.

    Priority Tree 0 3 128 5 64 7 16 9

    16 The priority of the stream is determined by the relative proportions of the weights. Stream ID 3 should receive two-thirds of available resources. The priority of the stream that depends on another stream is determined by the weight of dependent stream. Stream ID 7 should receive half of the resources of Stream ID 3.
  7. 7.

    Implementation status Server Name Version Support nghttp2 1.0.2 YES H2O

    1.2.0 YES Apache Traffic Server 5.3.0 NO Browser Name Version Support Firefox 38.0.5 YES Chrome 43.0.2357.65 YES (Weight only) Edge 0.11.10074.0 (Preview) NO Safari 9,0 (Preview) NO
  8. 8.

    Testing the prioritization of browsers • Test page • CSS

    in the <head> × 3 • Javascript in the <head> × 3 • JavaScript in the <body> × 3 • Image in the <body> × 3 • Size of all resources: 100KB • Server • nghttpx v1.0.1 <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Test</title> <link href="tests/1.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="tests/2.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="tests/3.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="tests/1.js"></script> <script src="tests/2.js"></script> <script src="tests/3.js"></script> </head> <body> <h1>Test</h1> <img src=“tests/1.jpg” alt="1"> <img src=“tests/2.jpg“ alt="2"> <img src=“tests/3.jpg” alt="3"> <script src="tests/4.js"></script> <script src="tests/5.js"></script> <script src="tests/6.js"></script> </body> </html>
  9. 9.

    Firefox’s Priority Tree 9 1. Initialization 0 3 7 201

    1 1 11 1 5 101 Initializing the priority tree by PRIORITY frames.
  10. 10.

    Firefox’s Priority Tree 9 2. HTML 0 3 7 201

    1 1 13 32 11 1 5 101 Stream for HTML. Prioritized by HEADERS frame.
  11. 11.

    Firefox’s Priority Tree 9 3. CSS 0 3 7 201

    1 1 13 32 19 32 17 32 15 32 11 1 5 101 Streams for CSS.
 Prioritized by HEADERS frames.
  12. 12.

    Firefox’s Priority Tree 9 25 4. JavaScript in the <head>

    0 3 7 201 1 1 32 13 32 19 32 21 32 23 32 17 32 15 32 11 1 5 101 Streams for JavaScript.
 Prioritized by HEADERS frames.
  13. 13.

    Firefox’s Priority Tree 9 25 5. Image 0 3 7

    201 1 1 32 13 32 19 32 21 32 23 32 17 32 15 32 11 1 27 22 29 22 31 22 5 101 Streams for Image. Prioritized by HEADERS frames.
  14. 14.

    Firefox’s Priority Tree 9 25 6. JavaScript in the <body>

    0 3 7 201 1 1 32 13 32 19 32 21 32 23 32 17 32 15 32 11 1 27 22 29 22 31 22 35 32 37 32 33 32 5 101 Streams for JavaScript. Prioritized by HEADERS frames.
  15. 15.

    Firefox’s Priority Tree 9 25 7. Download 0 3 7

    201 1 1 32 13 32 19 32 21 32 23 32 17 32 15 32 11 1 27 22 29 22 31 22 35 32 37 32 33 32 5 101
  16. 16.

    Firefox’s Priority Tree 9 25 7. Download 0 3 7

    201 1 1 32 13 32 19 32 21 32 23 32 17 32 15 32 11 1 27 22 29 22 31 22 35 32 37 32 33 32 5 101
  17. 17.

    Firefox’s Priority Tree 9 25 7. Download 0 3 7

    201 1 1 32 13 32 19 32 21 32 23 32 17 32 15 32 11 1 27 22 29 22 31 22 35 32 37 32 33 32 5 101
  18. 18.

    Firefox’s Priority Tree 9 25 7. Download 0 3 7

    201 1 1 32 13 32 19 32 21 32 23 32 17 32 15 32 11 1 27 22 29 22 31 22 35 32 37 32 33 32 5 101
  19. 19.

    Firefox’s Priority Tree 9 25 7. Download 0 3 7

    201 1 1 32 13 32 19 32 21 32 23 32 17 32 15 32 11 1 27 22 29 22 31 22 35 32 37 32 33 32 5 101
  20. 20.

    Firefox’s Priority Tree 9 25 7. Download 0 3 7

    201 1 1 32 13 32 19 32 21 32 23 32 17 32 15 32 11 1 27 22 29 22 31 22 35 32 37 32 33 32 5 101
  21. 21.

    Firefox’s Priority Tree 9 25 7. Download 0 3 7

    201 1 1 32 13 32 19 32 21 32 23 32 17 32 15 32 11 1 27 22 29 22 31 22 35 32 37 32 33 32 5 101
  22. 22.

    Firefox’s Priority Tree 9 25 7. Download 0 3 7

    201 1 1 32 13 32 19 32 21 32 23 32 17 32 15 32 11 1 27 22 29 22 31 22 35 32 37 32 33 32 5 101
  23. 23.

    Firefox’s Priority Tree 9 25 7. Download 0 3 7

    201 1 1 32 13 32 19 32 21 32 23 32 17 32 15 32 11 1 27 22 29 22 31 22 35 32 37 32 33 32 5 101
  24. 24.

    Firefox’s Priority Tree 9 25 7. Download 0 3 7

    201 1 1 32 13 32 19 32 21 32 23 32 17 32 15 32 11 1 27 22 29 22 31 22 35 32 37 32 33 32 5 101
  25. 25.

    Firefox’s Priority Tree 9 25 7. Download 0 3 7

    201 1 1 32 13 32 19 32 21 32 23 32 17 32 15 32 11 1 27 22 29 22 31 22 35 32 37 32 33 32 5 101
  26. 26.

    Firefox’s Priority Tree 9 25 7. Download 0 3 7

    201 1 1 32 13 32 19 32 21 32 23 32 17 32 15 32 11 1 27 22 29 22 31 22 35 32 37 32 33 32 5 101
  27. 27.

    Firefox’s Priority Tree 9 25 7. Download 0 3 7

    201 1 1 32 13 32 19 32 21 32 23 32 17 32 15 32 11 1 27 22 29 22 31 22 35 32 37 32 33 32 5 101
  28. 28.

    Firefox’s Timeline 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

    29 31 33 35 37 HEADERS (Request) HEADERS (Response) DATA
  29. 29.

    Chrome’s Priority Tree 1. HTML 0 1 256 Stream for

    HTML. Prioritized by HEADERS frame.
  30. 30.

    5 Chrome’s Priority Tree 2. CSS 0 1 256 3

    220 220 7 220 Streams for CSS.
 Prioritized by HEADERS frames.
  31. 31.

    5 Chrome’s Priority Tree 3. JavaScript in the <head> 0

    1 256 3 220 220 7 220 9 183 11 183 13 183 Streams for JavaScript. Prioritized by HEADERS frames.
  32. 32.

    5 Chrome’s Priority Tree 4. JavaScript in the <body> 0

    1 256 15 183 17 183 19 183 3 220 220 7 220 9 183 11 183 13 183 Streams for JavaScript. Prioritized by HEADERS frames.
  33. 33.

    5 Chrome’s Priority Tree 5. Image 0 1 256 3

    220 220 7 220 9 183 11 183 13 183 21 110 23 110 25 110 Streams for Image. Prioritized by HEADERS frames. 15 183 17 183 19 183
  34. 34.

    5 Chrome’s Priority Tree 6. Download 0 1 256 3

    220 220 7 220 9 183 11 183 13 183 21 110 23 110 25 110 15 183 17 183 19 183
  35. 35.

    5 Chrome’s Priority Tree 6. Download 0 1 256 3

    220 220 7 220 9 183 11 183 13 183 21 110 23 110 25 110 15 183 17 183 19 183
  36. 36.

    5 Chrome’s Priority Tree 6. Download 0 1 256 3

    220 220 7 220 9 183 11 183 13 183 21 110 23 110 25 110 15 183 17 183 19 183
  37. 37.

    5 Chrome’s Priority Tree 6. Download 0 1 256 3

    220 220 7 220 9 183 11 183 13 183 21 110 23 110 25 110 15 183 17 183 19 183
  38. 38.

    5 Chrome’s Priority Tree 6. Download 0 1 256 3

    220 220 7 220 9 183 11 183 13 183 21 110 23 110 25 110 15 183 17 183 19 183
  39. 39.

    5 Chrome’s Priority Tree 6. Download 0 1 256 3

    220 220 7 220 9 183 11 183 13 183 21 110 23 110 25 110 15 183 17 183 19 183
  40. 40.

    5 Chrome’s Priority Tree 6. Download 0 1 256 3

    220 220 7 220 9 183 11 183 13 183 21 110 23 110 25 110 15 183 17 183 19 183
  41. 41.

    5 Chrome’s Priority Tree 6. Download 0 1 256 3

    220 220 7 220 9 183 11 183 13 183 21 110 23 110 25 110 15 183 17 183 19 183
  42. 42.

    5 Chrome’s Priority Tree 6. Download 0 1 256 3

    220 220 7 220 9 183 11 183 13 183 21 110 23 110 25 110 15 183 17 183 19 183
  43. 43.

    5 Chrome’s Priority Tree 6. Download 0 1 256 3

    220 220 7 220 9 183 11 183 13 183 21 110 23 110 25 110 15 183 17 183 19 183
  44. 44.

    5 Chrome’s Priority Tree 6. Download 0 1 256 3

    220 220 7 220 9 183 11 183 13 183 21 110 23 110 25 110 15 183 17 183 19 183
  45. 45.

    5 Chrome’s Priority Tree 6. Download 0 1 256 3

    220 220 7 220 9 183 11 183 13 183 21 110 23 110 25 110 15 183 17 183 19 183
  46. 46.

    5 Chrome’s Priority Tree 6. Download 0 1 256 3

    220 220 7 220 9 183 11 183 13 183 21 110 23 110 25 110 15 183 17 183 19 183
  47. 47.

    Chrome’s Timeline 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15

    17 19 21 23 25 HEADERS (Request) HEADERS (Response) DATA
  48. 48.

    Edge’s Priority Tree 1. HTML 0 1 16

  49. 49.

    5 Edge’s Priority Tree 2. CSS, JavaScript, Image 0 1

    16 15 16 17 16 19 16 3 16 16 7 16 9 16 11 16 13 16 21 16 23 16 25 16 Streams for CSS, JavaScript, and Image.
 Priority is not specified. Default value is used.
  50. 50.

    5 Edge’s Priority Tree 3. Download 0 1 16 15

    16 17 16 19 16 3 16 16 7 16 9 16 11 16 13 16 21 16 23 16 25 16
  51. 51.

    5 Edge’s Priority Tree 3. Download 0 1 16 15

    16 17 16 19 16 3 16 16 7 16 9 16 11 16 13 16 21 16 23 16 25 16
  52. 52.

    5 Edge’s Priority Tree 3. Download 0 1 16 15

    16 17 16 19 16 3 16 16 7 16 9 16 11 16 13 16 21 16 23 16 25 16
  53. 53.

    5 Edge’s Priority Tree 3. Download 0 1 16 15

    16 17 16 19 16 3 16 16 7 16 9 16 11 16 13 16 21 16 23 16 25 16
  54. 54.

    5 Edge’s Priority Tree 3. Download 0 1 16 15

    16 17 16 19 16 3 16 16 7 16 9 16 11 16 13 16 21 16 23 16 25 16
  55. 55.

    5 Edge’s Priority Tree 3. Download 0 1 16 15

    16 17 16 19 16 3 16 16 7 16 9 16 11 16 13 16 21 16 23 16 25 16
  56. 56.

    5 Edge’s Priority Tree 3. Download 0 1 16 15

    16 17 16 19 16 3 16 16 7 16 9 16 11 16 13 16 21 16 23 16 25 16
  57. 57.

    5 Edge’s Priority Tree 3. Download 0 1 16 15

    16 17 16 19 16 3 16 16 7 16 9 16 11 16 13 16 21 16 23 16 25 16
  58. 58.

    5 Edge’s Priority Tree 3. Download 0 1 16 15

    16 17 16 19 16 3 16 16 7 16 9 16 11 16 13 16 21 16 23 16 25 16
  59. 59.

    5 Edge’s Priority Tree 3. Download 0 1 16 15

    16 17 16 19 16 3 16 16 7 16 9 16 11 16 13 16 21 16 23 16 25 16
  60. 60.

    5 Edge’s Priority Tree 3. Download 0 1 16 15

    16 17 16 19 16 3 16 16 7 16 9 16 11 16 13 16 21 16 23 16 25 16
  61. 61.

    5 Edge’s Priority Tree 3. Download 0 1 16 15

    16 17 16 19 16 3 16 16 7 16 9 16 11 16 13 16 21 16 23 16 25 16
  62. 62.

    5 Edge’s Priority Tree 3. Download 0 1 16 15

    16 17 16 19 16 3 16 16 7 16 9 16 11 16 13 16 21 16 23 16 25 16
  63. 63.

    Edge’s Timeline 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15

    17 19 21 23 25 HEADERS (Request) HEADERS (Response) DATA
  64. 64.

    The prioritization strategy of browsers • Firefox builds the priority

    tree that is optimized for Web pages • Priority order: CSS, JavaScript, Images • Chrome reuses the prioritization strategy of SPDY era that is used only weight • The difference in weight is small… there is room for optimization! • Edge does not support the prioritization • It seems to control the download of the resource by the timing of request...
  65. 65.

    Conclusion • HTTP/2 prioritization consists of dependency and weight •

    Client notifies the priority, server builds the priority tree • Each browser have different prioritization strategy • The use of priority dependencies may produce better results • Need to measurement the effect of HTTP/2 prioritization! • But there is no tool that can measure the prioritization of HTTP/2...
  66. 66.

    Thanks!