Introduction to Containers and Kubernetes

An introductory talk on containers in general and Kubernetes specifically

Transcript

1. ‹#›
   @tpryan
   Terry Ryan
   Developer Advocate
   Introduction to
   Containers and Kubernetes
   

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2. ‹#›
   @tpryan
   Who are you?
   

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3. ‹#›
   @tpryan
   01 Introduction
   Why Containers?
   

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4. ‹#›
   @tpryan
   Matrix from Hell
   Dev 1 Laptop Dev 2 Laptop QA Stage Production
   OS
   ? ? ? ? ?
   Frontend
   ? ? ? ? ?
   Services
   ? ? ? ? ?
   Database
   ? ? ? ? ?
   Logs
   ? ? ? ? ?
   

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5. ‹#›
   @tpryan
   Matrix from Hell
   Dev 1 Laptop Dev 2 Laptop QA Stage Production
   OS
   OS X Windows Debian Debian Debian
   Frontend nginx
   (homebrew)
   nginx
   (download)
   nginx
   (apt-get)
   nginx
   (apt-get)
   nginx
   (apt-get)
   Services php
   (homebrew)
   php
   (download)
   php
   (apt-get)
   php
   (apt-get)
   php
   (apt-get)
   Database mysql
   (download)
   mysql
   (download)
   mysql
   (apt-get)
   mysql
   (apt-get)
   mysql
   (apt-get)
   Logs
   /usr/local/etc/nginx/logs/ C:\nginx-1.9.5\logs /var/log/nginx/ /var/log/nginx/ /var/log/nginx/
   

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6. ‹#›
   @tpryan
   It worked fine in dev
   It worked fine in dev
   Ops Problem now
   Ops Problem now
   

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7. ‹#›
   @tpryan
   

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   Hypervisor
   Virtual Machine
   OS OS
   OS
   

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9. ‹#›
   @tpryan
   Container Host
   Containers
   OS
   

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10. ‹#›
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    Dockerfile
    FROM gcr.io/php-mvm-a/php-nginx:latest
    ENV DOCUMENT_ROOT /app/web
    COPY default /app/web
    RUN chmod -R 755 /app/web/*
    

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11. ‹#›
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    Matrix from Hell
    Dev 1 Laptop Dev 2 Laptop QA Stage Production
    OS
    Frontend
    Services
    Database
    Logs
    

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12. ‹#›
    @tpryan
    02 Introduction
    Why Kubernetes?
    

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13. ‹#›
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    What problem are 

    we trying to solve?
    

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    # FRONTEND AND SERVICES
    FROM nginx-php-fpm
    COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    ADD www /var/www/
    

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    # BACKEND
    FROM ubuntu:12.04
    ADD ./mysql-setup.sh /tmp/mysql-setup.sh
    RUN /bin/sh /tmp/mysql-setup.sh
    EXPOSE 3306
    CMD ["/usr/sbin/mysqld"]
    

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    @tpryan
    

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    # FRONTEND AND SERVICES
    FROM nginx-php-fpm
    COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    ADD www /var/www/
    # JUST SERVICES
    FROM nginx-php-fpm
    COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    ADD www /var/www/
    

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    # FRONTEND AND SERVICES
    FROM nginx-php-fpm
    COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    ADD www /var/www/
    # FRONTEND
    FROM nginx
    COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    ADD www /var/www/
    

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    # BACKEND
    FROM ubuntu:12.04
    ADD ./mysql-setup.sh /tmp/mysql-setup.sh
    RUN /bin/sh /tmp/mysql-setup.sh
    EXPOSE 3306
    CMD ["/usr/sbin/mysqld"]
    # BACKEND
    FROM ubuntu:12.04
    ADD ./mysql-setup.sh /tmp/mysql-setup.sh
    RUN /bin/sh /tmp/mysql-setup.sh
    EXPOSE 3306
    VOLUME ["/etc/mysql", "/var/lib/mysql"]
    CMD ["/usr/sbin/mysqld"]
    

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    That’s a lot to manage.
    

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27. ‹#›
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    4 3 2
    

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28. ‹#›
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    Kubernetes
    • Container Orchestration System
    • Open Source
    • Started by Google
    • Contributed to by others
    

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    03 App in Kubernetes
    

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30. ‹#›
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    DB
    API
    UI
    LAMP
    

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    Dockerfiles
    FROM mysql/mysql-server:5.6
    ADD sql/load.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/load.sql
    EXPOSE 3306
    DB
    FROM httpd:2.4
    COPY ui /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/ui
    COPY static /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/static
    UI
    FROM php:7.0-apache
    RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y php5-mysqlnd
    RUN docker-php-ext-install mysqli
    RUN a2enmod rewrite && a2enmod headers && service apache2 restart
    COPY app/ /var/www/html/
    API
    

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32. ‹#›
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    Running containers
    Pod Pod Pod Pod
    Replica Set
    Deployment
    

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    Deployment
    apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
    name: frontend-deployment
    spec:
    replicas: 4
    strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    template:
    metadata:
    labels:
    layer: ui
    spec:
    containers:
    - name: "frontend"
    image: "gcr.io/lamp-in-containers/locations-frontend"
    ports:
    - name: "http"
    containerPort: 80
    protocol: TCP
    Pod
    Replica Set
    Deployment
    

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34. ‹#›
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    Create a Deployment
    # Create deployment
    kubectl create -f deployment.yaml
    

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    Containers as Pets
    Pod
    Stateful Set
    Persistent
    Volume
    Claim
    

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    Stateful Set
    apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
    kind: StatefulSet
    metadata:
    name: db-set
    spec:
    serviceName: "mysql"
    replicas: 1
    template:
    metadata:
    labels:
    layer: db
    spec:
    terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 0
    containers:
    - name: db
    image: "gcr.io/lamp-in-containers/locations-db"
    ports:
    - containerPort: 3306
    name: mysql
    volumeMounts:
    - name: mysql-pvc
    mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
    volumeClaimTemplates:
    - metadata:
    name: mysql-pvc
    annotations:
    volume.alpha.kubernetes.io/storage-class: anything
    spec:
    accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
    resources:
    requests:
    storage: 1Gi
    Pod
    Persistent
    Volume
    Claim
    Stateful Set
    

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    Exposing containers
    Pod Pod Pod Pod
    Service
    

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    Deployment
    apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
    name: frontend-deployment
    spec:
    replicas: 4
    strategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
    template:
    metadata:
    labels:
    layer: ui
    spec:
    containers:
    - name: "frontend"
    image: "gcr.io/lamp-in-containers/locations-frontend"
    ports:
    - name: "http"
    containerPort: 80
    protocol: TCP
    Pod
    Label
    

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    Service
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
    labels:
    name: frontend
    name: frontend
    spec:
    type: LoadBalancer
    ports:
    - port: 80
    targetPort: 80
    protocol: TCP
    selector:
    layer: ui
    Selector
    

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    ui Pod
    ui deployment
    ui Pod
    ui Pod ui Pod
    ui service (public)
    api Pod
    api deployment
    api service (public)
    api Pod api Pod
    db statefulset
    db service (private)
    db Pod
    

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41. ‹#›
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    Demo: Kubernetes in Action
    

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42. ‹#›
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    05 Conclusions
    Bring it home
    

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43. ‹#›
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    Kubernetes is Open Source
    We want your help!
    • http://kubernetes.io
    • https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
    • irc.freenode.net #google-containers
    • @kubernetesio
    

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44. ‹#›
    @tpryan
    

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45. ‹#›
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    Roadmap
    Kubernetes 1.6
    Released: March 2017
    • Scale enhancement - 5000 nodes, 150,000 pods
    • Advanced Scheduling
    • Storage Enhancements for 

    AWS, Azure, GCP, OpenStack and VMware vSphere
    • Interesting alpha:
    • Nvidia GPU support
    http://blog.kubernetes.io/2017/03/kubernetes-1.6-multi-user-multi-workloads-at-scale.html
    

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46. ‹#›
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    Roadmap
    Kubernetes 1.7
    Target: June 2017
    https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/milestones/
    

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47. Google has been developing and
    using containers to manage our
    applications for over 10 years.
    

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48. ‹#›
    @tpryan
    Everything at Google runs on Containers:
    • Gmail, Web Search, Maps, ...
    • MapReduce, batch, ...
    • GFS, Colossus, ...
    • Even Google’s Cloud Platform: VMs run
    in containers!
    We launch 2 Billion Containers a week
    

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49. ‹#›
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    We think containers are the
    way to manage scale.
    

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50. ‹#›
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    You should carefully consider
    whether running everything on
    containers is right for you.
    

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51. ‹#›
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    You should run everything on
    containers.
    

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52. ‹#›
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    You should carefully consider
    whether running everything on
    containers is right for you.
    

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53. ‹#›
    @tpryan
    

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54. ‹#›
    @tpryan
    Thank You
    terrenceryan.com
    @tpryan
    This preso: http://bit.ly/tpryan-intro-k8s
    

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