1. How mineral properties are used to identify minerals 2. How rocks form and the way it effects the physical characteristics of the rock 3. How to identify rocks according to its physical appearance and given characteristics I will teach one learning objective at a time. After each learning objective, there will be several practice questions. This will take 15 – 20 minutes to complete. At the end of the unit, you will complete a posttest. This is a test that is given at the very end of the unit. It will have questions about everything that you learned during the unit. 2 of 87
the next page. This button will take you to the page before. This will take you back to the beginning of the presentation. This button will bring you back to this page in case you need a reminder. This button will stop the presentation. This is your navigation bar. It allows you to click on a section and go directly to that section of the presentation. Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks This is an audio or voice recording. If you need to stop or repeat, click on the speaker. 3 of 87
WHAT YOU ALREADY KNOW AND NEED TO REMEMBER FOR THIS UNIT. Sand and soil are tiny pieces of broken rock (weathered rock) Rocks and minerals can be different shapes, color, and sizes Observable properties are physical properties because you can see and touch them Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 4 of 87
you: 1. How mineral properties are used to identify minerals 2. How rocks form and the way it effects the physical characteristics of the rock 3. How to identify rocks according to its physical appearance and given characteristics Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 5 of 87
rocks. •A mineral is a natural, nonliving substance. •Scientists use properties to identify minerals. Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 7 of 87
the mineral. Color alone, cannot identify minerals. Many minerals have the same color. Quartz can be many different colors! 2. Hardness: refers to a minerals ability to scratch another mineral or be scratched. The MOHS’ Scale shows the hardness of some common minerals. Each mineral has a number one - ten. Ten is the hardest kind. Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 8 of 87
a mineral physically looks. Some minerals can be very shiny, pearly or glassy. Some minerals are dull. 4. Streak: If you scratch a mineral along a white tile, it leaves behind a powder. A minerals streak is the color of that powder. The streak may be different from the color of a mineral’s surface! Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 9 of 87
acid (or vinegar) is placed on it. • Some minerals split into thin sheets (example: mica). • Some minerals have magnetic properties (example: magnetite). Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 10 of 87
pyrite color white, green, silver, or brown white, pink, gray, or smoky black gray or brown gold or brassy yellow luster pearly dull or glassy metallic or dull metallic streak white white red green-black hardness 2 - 2.5 6-6.5 6-6.5 5-6 Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 11 of 87
property is being described. This property determines if the mineral can scratch or if it can be scratched. Identify this mineral property. Luster Hardness Color Magnetic Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks A B C D 13 of 87
property is being described. This property determines how shiny or dull a mineral physically looks. Identify this mineral property. Luster Hardness Color Magnetic Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks A B C D 18 of 87
substance described. Which soft, white mineral has a glassy luster and bubbles with acid? Mica Gypsum Calcite Talc Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks A B C D 23 of 87
white. It is black/gray. It does not have a glassy luster, but it does has a shiny luster. The chart does not show that mica bubbles with acid, but it does split into thin sheets. 25 of 87
substance described. Which dark-colored mineral is scratched by a fingernail? Calcite Hornblende Mica Talc Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks A B C D 28 of 87
are made of two or more minerals. Each rock type forms in a different way which makes them have different observable properties. Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 34 of 87
underground or above ground after the magma turns to lava through a volcanic eruption. • Rocks were once melted, but it has cooled and hardened Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 36 of 87
Intrusive Igneous – formed underground (In ground) 2. Extrusive Igneous – formed above earth’s crust (Exits the earth) Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 37 of 87
are formed from magma underground, beneath earth’s crust. • These rocks cool very slowly. They physically look different and feel different than extrusive igneous rocks. • No holes • Lots of crystals (seems to have luster or shiny flakes) • Light and dark minerals • Not lightweight Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 38 of 87
are formed from lava that cools at different rates. • Remember, magma is below earth’s crust. Magma turns to lava when it exits the earth through a volcanic eruption! • May have holes • Cannot see crystals • May be glassy • Lightweight Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 39 of 87
that have been broken down by a process called weathering. • They are formed through weathering, erosion, and deposition. Stage 3 Sediments are deposited on the sea floor. Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 42 of 87
small pebbles, sand grains, silt, and clay/mud. • Pebbles are small rocks. • Sand grains are large grains of sand with spaces between the grains and may feel gritty. • Silt has grains that are smaller than sand and feels like powder. • Clay has very small grains and is sticky when wet, but forms hard clumps when dry. Pebbles Clay Silt Sand Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 43 of 87
deep inside Earth, but extreme heat and pressure caused the minerals to morph, or change, and form into a new type of rock. Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 46 of 87
be changed into metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks Sediments Sedimentary rocks Metamorphic rocks Magma W eathering & Erosion Weathering & Erosion Weathering & Erosion Compaction and Cementation Cooling Melting Heat & Pressure Heat & Pressure Melting Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 47 of 87
will have minerals lined up in layers. • Some have bands or stripes or alternating (switching) light and dark mineral colors. • Sometimes the heat just changes the size of the mineral crystals. • Metamorphic rocks created mainly by heat do not always have layers or bands. limestone to marble granite to gneiss shale to slate shale to schist Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 48 of 87
type is described. This rock forms when magma or lava has cooled and hardened. Which rock type is formed this way? Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks A B C 49 of 87
type is described. This rock was once another type of rock, but heat and pressure caused the minerals to change and form a new type of rock. Which rock type is formed this way? Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks A B C 53 of 87
Rock Types Identifying Rocks The table describes how four different rocks formed. Which of these is an igneous rock? Basalt Limestone Marble Sandstone A B C D 57 of 87
Rock Types Identifying Rocks The table describes how four different rocks formed. Which of these is a metamorphic rock? Basalt Limestone Marble Sandstone A B C D 62 of 87
and pressure. Limestone morphed, or changed, into marble. Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 63 of 87
to identify rock types. For example, look at this rock. Does it have layers? No Does it have bands or stripes? No Does it have light and dark minerals? Yes! Then this rock is igneous! This intrusive igneous rock is called granite. You can visibly see the light and dark minerals. This rock also has large crystals that reflect light which looks like small crystal flakes. Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 68 of 87
physical, observable properties to identify rock types. Look at this rock. Does it have layers? Yes Does it have bands or stripes? No, those are layers Does it have light and dark minerals? No Then this rock is sedimentary! This sedimentary rock is called sandstone. You can visibly see the layers created by tiny sediments. Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 69 of 87
physical, observable properties to identify rock types. Look at this rock. Does it have layers? No Does it have bands or stripes? Yes, there are some visible bands Does it have light and dark minerals? Yes, but not speckled Then this rock is metamorphic! This metamorphic rock is called gneiss. Extreme heat and pressure morphed, or changed, granite into this rock. Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 70 of 87
different types of minerals -no layers -melted, but cooled and hardened Igneous - Granite -melted, but cooled and hardened -uniform black color, dull in color with small shiny crystals -few visible grains -no layers Igneous - Basalt -holes formed from trapped air bubbles when lava cooled -no layers Igneous - Pumice -layers are visible -visibly sandy -made by pieces of rock being pressed together Sedimentary - Sandstone -made by pieces of rock being pressed together -fossils and shells may be found in this type of rock Sedimentary - Limestone -created by pressure -light and dark stripes are visible -contains other types of rock that heat and pressure changed Metamorphic – Marble -created mainly by heat -no layers or bands -contains other types of rock that heat and pressure changed Metamorphic - Slate Rock Type Identification Table Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 71 of 87
while on a dig. Which characteristic of Rock B allows the researcher to classify the rock as sedimentary? presence of large crystals presence of minerals lined in bands presence of very small crystals presence of fossils Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks A B C D 72 of 87
what has settled or deposited on the ground. Fossils and shells are found in these types of rocks! Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 73 of 87
rocks. Remember the granite rock that we looked at? That was an igneous rock due to the large crystals and mixture of light and dark minerals. Back to Question 74 of 87
on the table that describes physical appearance and characteristics, which of the following must be pumice? Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks A B C D 77 of 87
as sedimentary? It has a grainy look. It has rocks cemented together. It has minerals lined up in bands. It has remains of animals or plants in it. Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks A B C D 82 of 87
unit. You may review by clicking on the section you feel needs reviewing before you complete your posttest. • Click on the button below to complete your posttest. Home Button Info Review Learning Objectives Mineral Properties Rock Types Identifying Rocks 87 of 87
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