Scalability Issues ... cure first, prevent later

Transcript

1. None

2. Evangelist

3. None
4. None
5. None

6. @ThijsFeryn

7. Please3 rate3my3talk3on3 Joind.in https://joind.in/6577

8. None

9. It3works3on3my3computer

10. None

11. It’s3the3internet’s3fault

12. Suits & hipsters

13. “Isn't'hos*ng' supposed'to'be'a' bulk'product?”

14. “The'Cloud'will' make'sure'my'app' scales”

15. “Large'campaigns' on'shared'hos*ng,' why'is'that'a' problem?”

16. “What's'a' database'index?”

17. “We'll'solve'that' with'an'Ajax'call”

18. “We'll'probably'have' 10.000'visitors'on' the'next'campaign”

19. GeBng3the3numbers3right

20. Let’s3do3a3complete3rewrite3!

21. Have3you3got3the3Gme?

22. Or3the3money?

23. What3do3you3do?

24. Nothing

25. Throw3 servers3at3 the3 problem

26. Do3some3 tricks3!

27. Throw3servers3at3the3problem

28. Scale3verGcally

29. Fast Cheap vs Limited Expensive Long% term Short% term

30. Scale3horizontally

31. Efficient Unlimited vs ConsideraGons IniGal3effort Long% term Short% term

32. What3kind3of3infrastructure3do3you3need?

33. What3kind3of3infrastructure3do3you3need? One3big3 box?

34. What3kind3of3infrastructure3do3you3need? Scale3across3 1003nodes?

35. What3kind3of3infrastructure3do3you3need? That3big3F53 loadbalancer?

36. What3kind3of3infrastructure3do3you3need? Only3the3DB3 gets3 hammered

37. What3kind3of3infrastructure3do3you3need? Lots3of3staGc3 traffic

38. What3kind3of3infrastructure3do3you3need? Shared3hosGng3 will3do3...3 except3during3the3 month3of3the3event

39. About3a3mulGYserver3setup

40. Goal:3(almost)3no3code3changes

41. Cache

42. Why?

43. Is3caching3 the3 answer?

44. Frontend Backend Data% cache Opcode% cache Page% cache APC Memcached

    SQLite File Redis +more +more

45. What? When3not? How3long? CompaGbility Limited3size

46. Tricks

47. RewriteEngine*On RewriteCond*%{REQUEST_FILENAME}*=s*[OR] RewriteCond*%{REQUEST_FILENAME}*=l*[OR] RewriteCond*%{REQUEST_FILENAME}*=d RewriteRule*^.*$*=*[NC,L] RewriteRule*^.*$*index.php*[NC,L] Use3mod_rewrite Hit3frontcontroller3if3resource3doesn’t3exist

48. Use3mod_rewrite Write3output3to3file3and3print3to3screen <?php require('db.php'); $data = db_get_content_from_uri( $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']); $fp =

    fopen(dirname(__FILE__). $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], 'w'); fwrite($fp, $data); fclose($fp); echo $data;

49. APC

50. Auto3prepend3&3auto3append AutomaGcally3executed3before3every3request [PHP] auto_prepend_file*“/path/to/prepend.php” auto_append_file*“/path/to/append.php”

51. Auto3prepend Read3from3cache3or3start3output3buffer <?php if($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'GET'){ $key = md5('http://'.$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']. $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);

    if(($output = apc_fetch($key)) !== false){ echo $output; exit(); } ob_start(); }

52. Auto3append Close3output3buffer,3store3data3in3cache3&3 print3output <?php if($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'GET'){ $output = ob_get_contents();

    ob_end_clean(); $key = md5('http://'.$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']. $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']); apc_store($key,$output,20); echo $output; }

53. Data3cache Caching3layer3 before3on3top3 of3the3 database

54. <?php class Data { private $_mysqlDependency; public function __construct($mysqlDependency) {

    $this->_mysqlDependency = $mysqlDependency; } public function fetchQueryFromDatabase($key) { return $this->_mysqlDependency- >fetchQueryEscaped("SELECT * FROM `myTable` WHERE `myKey` = '%s'",$key); } } No% cache

55. <?php class Data { private $_namespace = 'myNamespace_'; private $_ttl

    = 3600; private $_mysqlDependency; public function __construct($mysqlDependency) { $this->_mysqlDependency = $mysqlDependency; } public function fetchQueryFromDatabase($key) { if(($value = apc_fetch(md5( $this->_namespace.$key))) === false){ $value = $this->_fetchDataFromDatabase($key); $this->_storeDataInCache($key,$value); } return $value; } ... Override% &%use%cache Read% from%DB%&% store%in%cache

56. ... private function _storeDataInCache($key,$value) { apc_store(md5($this->_namespace.$key),$value, $this->_ttl); return $this; }

    private function _fetchQueryFromDatabase($key) { return $this->_mysqlDependency- >fetchQueryEscaped("SELECT * FROM `myTable` WHERE `myKey` = '%s'",$key); } } Fetch% from%DB Store% in%cache

57. You3can3also3use3Memcached

58. You3can3also3use3Memcached memcached.sess_prefix = "memc.sess.key." session.save_path="127.0.0.1:11211" session.save_handler = memcached Also% for%session%

    handling

59. Reverse3 (caching)3 proxies

60. Put3‘em3before3 your3 webserver

61. They3honor3 your3caching3 headers

62. None

63. backend default { .host = "127.0.0.1"; .port = "8080"; }

    acl purge { "localhost"; "127.0.0.1"; "some.host.name.com"; "1.2.3.4"; }

64. sub vcl_recv { if (req.request == "PURGE") { if (!client.ip

    ~ purge) { error 405 "Not allowed: " + client.ip; } return(lookup); } if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD" && req.request != "PUT" && req.request != "POST" && req.request != "TRACE" && req.request != "OPTIONS" && req.request != "DELETE") { return (pipe); }

65. if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") { return

    (pass); } if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) { if (req.url ~ "\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|swf|flv|mp3|mp4| pdf|ico|png|gz|tgz|bz2)(\?.*|)$") { remove req.http.Accept-Encoding; } else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") { set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip"; } else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate"){ set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate"; } else { remove req.http.Accept-Encoding; } }

66. if (req.url ~ "\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|swf|css|js|flv|mp3| mp4|pdf|ico|png)(\?.*|)$") { unset req.http.cookie; set req.url

    = regsub(req.url, "\?.*$", ""); return (lookup); } if (req.url ~ "\?(utm_(campaign|medium|source|term)| adParams|client|cx|eid|fbid|feed|ref(id|src)?|v(er| iew))=") { set req.url = regsub(req.url, "\?.*$", ""); } if (req.http.cookie ~ "^ *$") { unset req.http.cookie; }

67. sub vcl_fetch { if (req.url ~ "wp-(login|admin)" || req.url ~

    "preview=true" || req.url ~ "xmlrpc.php") { return (hit_for_pass); } if ( (!(req.url ~ "(wp-(login|admin)|login)"))) { unset beresp.http.set-cookie; set beresp.ttl = 1h; } if (req.url ~ "\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|swf|css|js|flv|mp3| mp4|pdf|ico|png)(\?.*|)$") { set beresp.ttl = 365d; } }

68. sub vcl_deliver { if (obj.hits > 0) { set resp.http.X-Cache

    = "HIT"; } else { set resp.http.X-Cache = "MISS"; } } sub vcl_hit { if (req.request == "PURGE") { purge; set obj.ttl = 0s; error 200 "OK"; } } sub vcl_miss { if (req.request == "PURGE") { purge; error 200 "OK"; } }

69. FPM hfp://www.php.net/manual/en/install.fpm.configuraGon.php

70. [www] listen = 9000 user = www-data group = www-data

    pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 10 pm.start_servers = 4 pm.max_spare_servers = 6 pm.max_requests = 500 php_admin_value[sendmail_path] = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i -f www@my.domain.com php_flag[display_errors] = off php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/fpm-php.www.log php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on php_admin_value[memory_limit] = 32M
71. None

72. upstream fpm { server php1.server.com:9000; server php2.server.com:9000; } upstream memcached

    { server memcached1.server.com:11211; server memcached2.server.com:11211; } server { root /var/www; index index.php index.html index.htm; server_name nginx.server.com; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php; } location @php { fastcgi_pass fpm; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; }

73. location ~ \.php$ { set $memcached_key $request_uri; memcached_pass memcached; memcached_next_upstream

    not_found; default_type text/html; error_page 404 405 502 = @php; } location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)$ { expires max; add_header Pragma public; add_header Cache-Control "public, must- revalidate, proxy-revalidate"; } }

74. location ~ \.php$ { set $memcached_key $request_uri; memcached_pass memcached; memcached_next_upstream

    not_found; default_type text/html; error_page 404 405 502 = @php; } location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)$ { expires max; add_header Pragma public; add_header Cache-Control "public, must- revalidate, proxy-revalidate"; } }
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76. Content Delivery Network

77. +3 W33Total3 Cache

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82. ✓Enable3caching ✓Enable3cron.php ✓Configure3log3retenGon ✓Flat3catalog ✓Enable3compilaGon ✓Install3Varnish3Cache3plugin ✓Split3frontend3&3backend3servers ✓Perform3indexing3on3separate3 server

83. <global> <cache> <backend>apc</backend> <prefix>MAGE_</prefix> </cache> </global>

84. <global> <cache> <backend>memcached</backend> <memcached> <servers> <server> <host><![CDATA[127.0.0.1]]></host> <port><![CDATA[11211]]></port> <persistent><![CDATA[1]]></persistent> </server>

    </servers> <compression><![CDATA[0]]></compression> <cache_dir><![CDATA[]]></cache_dir> <hashed_directory_level><![CDATA[]]></hashed_directory_level> <hashed_directory_umask><![CDATA[]]></hashed_directory_umask> <file_name_prefix><![CDATA[]]></file_name_prefix> </memcached> </cache> </global>
85. None

86. Boost Varnish Memcached

87. Other3tricks3...

88. Mess3with3the3hosts3file Test3load3&3change3docroot Play3with3Apache3&3MySQL3 seBngs Add3a3database3index Enable3MySQL3query3caching

89. Don’t3be3clueless

90. Ask3for3help

91. Apply3the3tricks

92. And3don’t3forget3to3refactor3alerwards

93. And3then3relax3...3and3be3happy

94. None