WiFi講座(3)

(Japanese document)
Wi-Fi history, spec, background of data signaling rate, and so on
社内ゼミでの資料です。

Transcript

1. Wi-Fi ߨ࠲ 2016/7/22 urakarin@gmail.com ⇣
2. Wi-Fi ͕೉͘͠ײ͡Δཧ༝ • ແઢ͔ͩΒ໨ʹݟ͑ͳ͍ɻΤϥʔͯ͠΋෼͔Βͳ͍ɻ • ͦ΋ͦ΋࢓༷͕ݐ૿͠Ͱ૿͑͗͢ɻ৽ͬ͞ΆΖӺঢ়ଶɻ • ΋ͱ΋ͱͷ࢓༷ʹOption߲໨͕ଟ͍ɻ • ͦͷͨΊɺઃఆ߲໨͕ଟ͍ɻ • ֤ϝʔΧ͸Α͔Εͱࢥͬͯɺػೳʹ෼͔Γ΍͍͢ѪশΛ͚ͭΔͨΊ༨ܭࠞཚ͢Δɻ • 802.11ن֨ͱWi-Fi Allianceن֨ͱಠࣗن͕֨ࠞࡏɻ • ಠࣗن֨͸ɺࣅ͍ͯͯඍົʹҧ͏ػೳʹͦΕͧΕҧ͏໊લ͕͋Δɻ • ԣจࣈ͕ଟ͍ɻಛʹ3-4จࣈͷӳࣈུޠ͕ଟ͍ɻ • ٕज़ʹର͢Δ੾Γޱ͕ଟ͍ɻ • ਺ֶతʹ೉͍͠ʢมௐɺ҉߸ͳͲʣ
3. ຊ೔ͷ໨త • ٕज़ͷجૅ෦෼ʹڵຯΛ΋ͭ • ਺ଟ͋͘Δ༻ޠ͕Ͳͷ෦෼ͷ࿩ͳͷ͔Λཧղͨ͠ؾʹͳΔ
 ʢػೳɺ઀ଓɺೝূɺ҉߸ɺͳͲʣ • ଓ͖Λࣗ෼Ͱௐ΂ΒΕΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ
4. Agenda • Wi-Fiͱ͸ • ઀ଓϞʔυ • ௨৴ํ๏ • ҉߸ͱೝূ • ఻ૹํࣜ
5. Wi-Fi ͱ͸ʁ IEEE802.11ʹ͸ن֨ͷᐆດ͕͋ͬͨ͞Γɺ઀ଓࢼݧํ͕ࣜͳ͍͜ͱ͔Βɺ ૬ޓ઀ଓೝূϓϩάϥϜΛઃ͚ͨۀքஂମɻϩΰΛఏڙ͢Δɻ IEEEͷن֨Խʹ͕͔͔࣌ؒΔ৔߹ͳͲɺ Wi-Fi Allianceͱͯ͠ೝূϓϩάϥϜΛ։࢝ ͢Δ͜ͱ΋͋Δɻ Wi-Fi Alliance ͷ͜ͱɻ http://www.wi-fi.org/ IEEE ͱ͸ʁ ? ( Wi-Fi = Wireless Fidelity )
6. IEEE ͱ͸ʁ ͦΕͧΕͷඪ४͝ͱʹɺಠཱͨ͠෼Պձ͕ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δɻ ʮిؾ޻ֶɾిࢠ޻ֶٕज़ͷֶձʯ ͷ͜ͱɻ The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. ྫʣ• IEEE 488 : GPI-IB • IEEE 802 : LAN, MAN, PAN • IEEE 1003 : POSIX • IEEE 1394 : FireWire (i.Link) • 802.1 : LANٴͼMANͷجຊతͳ࢖༻ • 802.3 : Ethernet • 802.5 : τʔΫϯϦϯά • 802.11 : WLAN (Wi-Fi) • 802.15 : WPAN • 802.15.1 : (Bluetooth) • 802.15.4 : • (ZigBee) • (Wi-SUN) WGͷྫʣ
7. 802.11ͷྺ࢙ 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016(೥ ଞωοτϫʔΫͱͷ࿈ܞ
   V ୺຤ؒ௚઀௨৴
   [ ϝογϡωοτϫʔΫ (11s) ແઢωοτϫʔΫ؅ཧ (11v) ແઢϦιʔεଌఆ (11k) %'451$
   I "1ؒ௨৴
   ' ߴ଎ϩʔϛϯά
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   H ()[ଳߴ଎Խ
   O ()[ଳରԠ
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   BD 2P4αϙʔτ
   F ؅ཧϑϨʔϜ༗ઢ੍ޚ
   BF ηΩϡϦςΟ
   J ؅ཧϑϨʔϜอޢ
   X ֤ࠃن੍ରԠ
   E
   K
   
   Z
   ҠಈମແઢΞΫηε
   Q ϏσΦ఻ૹ
   BB 57
   8IJUF
   4QBDFରԠ
   BG 6)'ଳରԠ
   5(BI தࠃϛϦ೾ଳରԠ
   5(BK ߴ଎ॳظೝূ
   5(BJ ϒϦοδػೳ֦ு
   5(BL αʔϏεݕग़ػೳ֦ு
   5(BR ()[ଳ
   ߴޮ཰ແઢ -"/ )&8
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   5(BZ ถࠃن੍ରԠ
   ()[
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   ()[ଳ
   ॳظن֨
8. 802.11ͷྺ࢙ 2.4 GHz 5 GHz 1,000 100 10,000 10 Maximum data rate (Mbits/s) 802.11 2 Mbits/s 802.11b 11 Mbits/s 802.11a 54 Mbits/s 802.11g 54 Mbits/s 802.11n 600 Mbits/s MIMO (x4) 802.11ac Wave 1 1.3 Gbits/s MIMO (x3) 802.11ac Wave 2 6.93 Gbits/s MIMO (x8) 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 802.11 2 Mbits/s 802.11a 54 Mbits/s 802.11g 54 Mbits/s 802.11n 600 Mbits/s MIMO (x4) 802.11ac Wave 1 1.3 Gbits/s MIMO (x3) 2013 2014 2015 802.11ac Wave 2 6.93 Gbits/s MIMO (x8) 802.11b 11 Mbits/s
9. 802.11 ଎౓ൺֱ
10. ઀ଓϞʔυ • ΞΫηεϙΠϯτͷػೳΛιϑτ΢ΣΞͰ࣮ݱ͍ͯ͠Δɻ • ແઢͷ઀ଓઃఆʹ͸؆қ઀ଓํࣜʮWPSʯΛ࢖༻͍ͯ͠Δɻ • ແઢػثͷSSIDʢݻ༗IDʣ΍҉߸ԽΩʔ͸ࣗಈతʹܾΊΒΕΔɻ • ௨৴͢Δແઢػث͸গͳ͘ͱ΋Ұํͷػث͕Wi-Fi DirectʹରԠ͠ ͍ͯΕ͹Α͍ɻ • ʮ̍ରଟʯͷ௨৴΋ߦ͑Δɻୠ͠ɺಉ࣌ʹ௨৴Ͱ͖Δͷ͸ʮ̍ର ̍ʯͱͳΔɻ WDS
11. ௨৴ํ๏ CSMA/CAํࣜ, ACK੍ޚํࣜ
12. ҉߸ͱೝূ WEP WPA ϓϨγΣΞʔυΩʔ (WPA-PSK) WPA RADIUS (WPA Enterprise) ͳʹ͜Εʁ WPA (TKIP) WPA2 (AES) WPA2 Mixed ͳʹ͜Εʁ ࠷ۙ͸͞Βʹɺ؆୯ઃఆͱ͍͏ AOSS WPS WPS2 ౳͕͋ͬͨΓ͢Δɻ ͳʹ͜Εʁ
13. ҉߸ํ๏ͷબ୒ ҉߸ํ๏ ҉߸Խํࣜ ҉߸ԽΞϧΰϦζϜ WEP WEP 64bit RC4 WEP 128bit RC4 WPA TKIP RC4 ( CCMP ) ( AES ) WPA2 ( TKIP ) ( RC4 ) CCMP AES ͜ΕҰ୒
14. 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016(೥ ()[ଳ
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    B ()[ଳߴ଎Խ
    H ()[ଳߴ଎Խ
    O ()[ଳରԠ
    BE ()[ଳߴ଎Խ
    BD 2P4αϙʔτ
    F ؅ཧϑϨʔϜ༗ઢ੍ޚ
    BF ηΩϡϦςΟ
    J ؅ཧϑϨʔϜอޢ
    X ϏσΦ఻ૹ
    BB ߴ଎ॳظೝূ
    5(BJ ()[ଳ
    ߴޮ཰ແઢ -"/ )&8
    5(BY ()[ଳߴ଎Խ
    5(BZ ॳظن֨ WEPͷ੬ऑੑ͕ࢦ ఠ͞Ε࢝ΊΔ IEEE 802.11i ࢝ಈ Wi-Fi Alliance͕଴͖ͪΕͣɺ 802.11iͷ%SBGUஈ֊Ͱೝূ ϓϩάϥϜΛ։࢝
    81" IEEE 802.11i ن֨Խ
    81" Wi-Fi Alliance͕վΊͯਖ਼ࣜ JͷೝূϓϩάϥϜΛ ։࢝
    81" ҉߸ํ๏ͷબ୒ WPAͱWPA2͸ࣅͯඇͳΔ΋ͷɻ
15. ೝূํ๏ͷબ୒ ೝূํ๏ ೝূํࣜ ೝূํࣜ WPA PSK खೖྗͷڞ༗伴 4way handshake WPA Enterprise Ϣʔβೝূ 802.1x (EAPoL) MD5 LEAP PEAP FAST TTLS TLS … ແઢAP͕ɺRADIUSͱ͍͏֎෦αʔόʹ઀ ଓͷՄ൱Λ͓࢕͍ʹߦ͘ɻ ͦͷࡍͷೝূํ๏ͷબ୒ࢶ͸ཚཱ͍ͯͯ͠ ΧΦεɻ ແઢAPʹઃఆ͓͚ͯ͠͹OK ڞ༗伴Λ஌͍ͬͯΔਓ͸୭Ͱ΋઀ଓՄೳ
16. ఻ૹํࣜ • ϕʔεόϯυ఻ૹ • ൖૹଳҬ఻ૹ ૹΓ͍ͨ৴߸ = ϕʔεόϯυ৴߸ • ͦͷ··ૹΔɻ༗ઢͰଟ͍ɻEther, USB, … • ൖૹ೾ʹ৐ͤͯૹΔɻແઢͰଟ͍ɻ
17. มௐํࣜ ASK (OOK) FSK BPSK QPSK ೾͕ͳ͍ͱ0ɺ͋Δͱ1 ೾͕஗͍ͱ0ɺ଎͍ͱ1 Ґ૬͕180౓ͣΕ͍ͯΔͱ1
18. ίϯελϨʔγϣϯ BPSK QPSK Ұͭͷ೾Ͱɺ̌ʙ3 ·Ͱͷ4छྨͷ৴߸( 00, 01, 10, 11 ) = 2bitͷ৘ใ͕఻ૹՄೳʂ
19. ίϯελϨʔγϣϯ APSK Ұͭͷ೾Ͱɺ̌ʙ7 ·Ͱͷ8छྨͷ৴߸ = 3bitͷ৘ใ͕఻ૹՄೳʂ
20. ίϯελϨʔγϣϯ 16QAM Ұͭͷ೾Ͱɺ̌ʙ15 ·Ͱͷ16छྨͷ৴߸ = 4bitͷ৘ใ͕఻ૹՄೳʂ
21. ίϯελϨʔγϣϯ 64QAM Ұͭͷ೾Ͱɺ0ʙ63 ·Ͱͷ64छྨͷ৴߸ = 6bitͷ৘ใ͕఻ૹՄೳʂ 802.11g ʮγϯϘϧʯͱݴ͍·͢ɻ 1 symbol = 6 bit
22. 802.11gͰͷ௨৴଎౓ • 1 symbol = 6 bit • 1 symbolૹ৴࣌ؒ(usec) = 3.2 + 0.8 = 4.0 usec
 → symbol rate = 1/4.0 usec = 250k symbol/sec
 → 1αϒΩϟϦΞ͋ͨΓͷૹ৴Մೳbit਺ 
 ɹɹ6 bit/symbol x 250k symbol/sec = 1.5M bit/sec • σʔλ఻ૹՄೳͳαϒΩϟϦΞ਺ : 48
 → શαϒΩϟϦΞͰ఻ૹՄೳͳbit਺
 ɹ1.5M bit/sec x 48 = 72M bit/sec • ූ߸Խޮ཰ : 3/4
 → 72M bit/sec x 3/4 = 54M bit/sec
23. 802.11nͰͷ௨৴଎౓ • 1 symbol = 6 bit • 1 symbolૹ৴࣌ؒ(usec) = 3.2 + 0.4 = 3.6 usec
 → symbol rate = 1/3.6 usec = 277.77k symbol/sec
 → 1αϒΩϟϦΞ͋ͨΓͷૹ৴Մೳbit਺ 
 ɹɹ6 bit/symbol x 277.77k symbol/sec = 1.666M bit/sec • σʔλ఻ૹՄೳͳαϒΩϟϦΞ਺ : 108
 → શαϒΩϟϦΞͰ఻ૹՄೳͳbit਺
 ɹ1.666M bit/sec x 108 = 180M bit/sec • ූ߸Խޮ཰ : 5/6
 → 180M bit/sec x 5/6 = 150M bit/sec • MIMOʹΑΔ4ετϦʔϜ
 → 150M bits/sec x 4ຊ = 600M bit/sec
24. 802.11nͰͷߴ଎Խ ·ͱΊ OFDMͷ54MbpsͷσʔλϨʔτ͸ɺ্ͷ5߲໨ͷٕज़ʹΑͬͯ300MbpsʹͳΓ·͢ɻ ූ߸Խ཰ͷ޲্ʹΑͬͯɺͦΕ·Ͱ࠷େ3/4ͩͬͨූ߸Խ཰͕5/6ʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻ͜ΕʹΑΓɺσʔλϨʔτ͕(5/6)/(3/4)Ͱ10/9ഒʹͳΓ·͢ɻ αϒΩϟϦΞ਺૿Ճͱόϯυ෯40MHz͸಺༰తʹ͸ಉ౳Ͱ͢ɻϋϯυ෯͕ഒʹͳΔ͜ͱͰɺαϒΩϟϦΞ਺͕૿͑ΔͨΊͰ͢ɻ ͜ͷͱ͖ɺݩʑσʔλ৴߸༻ʹ48ຊͩͬͨαϒΩϟϦΞ͕108ຊʹͳΓ·͢ɻͭ·Γɺ9/4ഒʹͳΓ·͢ɻ MIMOͷSDMʹΑΔ4ετϦʔϜ௨৴ʹΑͬͯɺσʔλϨʔτ͕4ഒʹͳΓ·͢ɻ ࠷ޙʹΨʔυΠϯλʔόϧͷ୹ॖʹΑͬͯɺσʔλϨʔτ͕4/3.6Ͱ10/9ഒʹͳΓ·͢ɻ ͢ͳΘͪɺ͜ΕΒΛ૯߹͢Δͱɺ࣍ͷΑ͏ͳܭࢉʹͳΓ·͢ɻ 54 × 10/9 × 9/4 × 4 × 10/9 ʹ 600 (Mbps) 11nͷσʔλϨʔτ͸ɺ͜ͷΑ͏ʹͯ͠600Mbps·ͰߴΊΒΕ͍ͯ·͢ɻ ͨͩ͠ɺ͜Ε͸ཧ࿦஋Ͱ͋Γɺ11nͷ࣮ޮϨʔτΛߴΊΔͨΊʹͦͷ΄͔ʹɺA-MPDUͳͲͷϑϨʔϜΞάϦήʔγϣϯ΍ɺϒϩοΫACKͳͲɺ΋ͬͱଟ͘ͷ৽ٕज़͕༻͍ΒΕ͍ͯ·͢ɻ ͦΕʹΑΓɺ࣮ޮϨʔτ100MbpsΦʔόʔͷ11nͷߴ଎௨৴͕Ͱ͖ΔΘ͚Ͱ͢ɻ • ූ߸Խޮ཰ͷ޲্ • αϒΩϟϦΞ਺ͷ૿Ճ • όϯυ෯֦େ 40MHz (νϟωϧϘϯσΟϯά) • ΨʔυΠϯλʔόϧ୹ॖ • MIMOʹΑΔ4ετϦʔϜ௨৴
25. 802.11acͰͷ௨৴଎౓ • 1 symbol = 8 bit • 1 symbolૹ৴࣌ؒ(usec) = 3.2 + 0.4 = 3.6 usec
 → symbol rate = 1/3.6 usec = 277.77k symbol/sec
 → 1αϒΩϟϦΞ͋ͨΓͷૹ৴Մೳbit਺ 
 ɹɹ8 bit/symbol x 277.77k symbol/sec = 2.222M bit/sec • σʔλ఻ૹՄೳͳαϒΩϟϦΞ਺ : 468
 → શαϒΩϟϦΞͰ఻ૹՄೳͳbit਺
 ɹ 2.222M bit/sec x 468 = 1.04G bit/sec • ූ߸Խޮ཰ : 5/6
 → 1.04G bit/sec x 5/6 = 866.6M bit/sec • MIMOʹΑΔ8ετϦʔϜ
 → 866.6M bits/sec x 8ຊ = 6.9G bit/sec
26. ·ͱΊ • ແઢʹ͸਺ֶ͕ͨ͘͞Μར༻͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ • ٕज़ͷ΍ͬͺΓ෯͕޿͍ɻ
 ػೳɺ਺ֶɺ઀ଓɺೝূɺ҉߸ɺͳͲ • ·ͩ·ͩਐԽ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
27. ҎԼɺڈ೥ͷࢿྉͰ͢ɻ ͕࣌ؒ͋Ε͹Ͳ͏ͧɻ
28. ௨৴ํ๏ MACΞΫηεϞʔυ DCF : Distributed Coordination Function ɹɹɹCSMA/CAࣜ PCF : Point Coordination Function ɹɹɹpollingࣜ (RTS/CTS) HCF : Hybrid Coordination Function ɹɹɹ802.11eͰنఆ ɹɹɹDCF + PCF ACK੍ޚํࣜ ඞͣACKͷฦૹΛ଴ͭɻ ͜ͳ͚Ε͹࠶ૹ͢Δɻ
29. Packet Frame format
30. ΞυϨογϯά ྫ1 : ແઢػث → ແઢػث΁ͷ௨৴ ྫ2 : ༗ઢػث → ແઢػث΁ͷ௨৴ ྫ3 : ແઢػث → ༗ઢػث΁ͷ௨৴ ྫ4 : ༗ઢػث → ແઢ → ༗ઢػث΁ͷ௨৴ Address1 ѼઌMAC Address2 ૹ৴ݩMAC Address3 #44*% Address4 
31. ύέοτͷछྨ Packetछผ (ྫ) ํ޲ Beacon AP → ST AP͸ɺಈ࡞͍ͯ͠Δνϟωϧ্ʹ௨ৗ100msecִؒͰ߃ৗతʹૹ৴͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ BSSID, SSID, Ϗʔίϯૹ৴ִؒɺνϟωϧ৘ใɺηΩϡϦςΟ৘ใͳͲؚ͕·ͯ ͍·͢ɻ Probe Request ST → AP APબ୒ Response AP → ST APબ୒ʢ಺༰͸΄΅Beaconͱಉ͡ʣ Authentication Request ST → AP ೝূཁٻʢݱࡏͰ͸΄΅ܗ֚Խʣ Response AP → ST ೝূཁٻԠ౴ʢݱࡏͰ͸΄΅ܗ֚Խʣ Association Request ST → AP ઀ଓཁٻ Response AP → ST ઀ଓڐՄԠ౴ Data AP ←→ ST σʔλ
32. APىಈ w
    "1 ਌ػ Λىಈ͢Δ
    ▾ AP͸802.11n͕༗ޮͷ৔߹
    w
    ઃఆ͞Εͨνϟωϧ प೾਺ ͰεΩϟϯΛߦ͍ɺϨΨγʔઃఆ O͕༗ޮͰͳ͍ ͷ"1͕ଘࡏ͢Δ͔Ͳ͏͔֬ೝ͢Δ
    ▾ APʹઃఆ͞Εͨνϟωϧ͕W53(5.3GHzଳ)/W56(5.6GHzଳ)ͷ৔߹
    w
    ؾ৅Ϩʔμʔͷి೾Λݕ஌͢ΔͨΊʹ෼ؒ଴ػ͢Δ
    w
    "1͸ઃఆ͞Εͨνϟωϧʹ͓͍ͯ#FBDPO ϚωʔδϝϯτϑϨʔϜϒϩʔυΩϟετ ΛNTFDִؒͰૹ৴࢝͠ΊΔ
    • ϨΨγʔઃఆͷAP͕ଘࡏ͢Δ৔߹ɺഒͷप೾਺(40MHz)ʹΑΔӡ༻͕ෆՄͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛBeaconʹΑͬͯ௨஌͢Δ(HT20/40 Coexistenceػೳ) w
    "1͸εςϧεઃఆͷ৔߹ɺ#FBDPOʹઃఆ͢Δ44*% &44*% Λۭจࣈ /6-- ͱ͢Δ
    
33. APͷൃݟͱ઀ଓ։࢝·Ͱ • STA(ࢠػ)͸νϟωϧΛ੾Γସ͑ͯεΩϟϯ͠ͳ͕ΒɺSTAʹઃఆ͞ΕͨSSIDΛ࣋ͭAPΛಛఆ͢Δ
    • STA͸Probe Request(ϚωʔδϝϯτϑϨʔϜ/͜ͷ৔߹͸ϒϩʔυΩϟετ)ʹSSIDΛઃఆ͠ɺAP͔ΒProbe Response(ϚωʔδϝϯτϑϨʔϜ/ ϢχΩϟετ)Λड͚Δ͜ͱͰεςϧεͷAPΛಛఆ͢Δ
    • STA͸Beaconͷ֤ΤϨϝϯτʹઃఆ͞Εͨɺೝূํࣜ(Open/Shared/WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK/WPA-EAP/WPA2-EAP)΍҉߸ํࣜ(WEP/AES/ TKIP)ɺαϙʔτ͢ΔσʔλసૹϨʔτɺͳͲΛ֬ೝ͢Δ
    • STA͸AuthenticationϑϨʔϜʢSharedೝূํࣜͷ৔߹͸"shared"ɺͦΕҎ֎͸"open"ΛઃఆʣΛAPʹૹ৴͢Δ
    ▾ Sharedೝূํࣜͷ৔߹ (WEP) • ʻলུʼ
    ▾ ͦΕҎ֎ͷೝূํࣜͷ৔߹
    • AP͸AuthenticationϑϨʔϜΛSTAʹૹ৴͢Δ
    • STA͸Association RequestϑϨʔϜΛAPʹૹ৴͢Δ
    • AP͸Association ResponseϑϨʔϜΛSTAʹૹ৴͢Δ
    ▾ Openೝূํࣜʢೝূແ͠ʣ/Sharedೝূํࣜͷ৔߹
    • ͜͜Ͱσʔλ௨৴͕ՄೳʹͳΔ
    ▾ WPA-EAP/WPS2-EAPೝূํࣜͷ৔߹
    • 4way handshakeΛ࢝ΊΔ WEP͸͜͜Ͱ҉߸৘ใͷ ΍ΓͱΓΛߦ͏ɻ ݱࡏ͸ܗ֚Խɻ
34. ҉߸ͱೝূ WEP WPA ϓϨγΣΞʔυΩʔ (WPA-PSK) WPA RADIUS (WPA Enterprise) ͳʹ͜Εʁ WPA (TKIP) WPA2 (AES) WPA2 Mixed ͳʹ͜Εʁ ࠷ۙ͸͞Βʹɺ؆୯ઃఆͱ͍͏ AOSS WPS WPS2 ౳͕͋ͬͨΓ͢Δɻ ͳʹ͜Εʁ
35. WPA Enterprise ೝূํࣜ આ໌ αʔόೝূ ΫϥΠΞϯτೝূ MD5 CHAP ͳ͠ CHAPʹΑΔUser/Passೝূ LEAP CISCOಠࣗɹνϟϨϯδํࣜ
 ࢓༷ඇެ։
 ੬ऑੑ͋Γʢ࢖ͬͯ͸͍͚ͳ͍ʣ νϟϨϯδํࣜ νϟϨϯδํࣜ PEAP CISCO, MS, RSA SecurityʹΑΔTTLSํࣜ
 v0, (v1, v2)͕ଘࡏ͢Δ͕ɺެࣜඪ४࢓༷ॻ͸ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ ূ໌ॻʹΑΔೝূ EAP (ͦͷதͷԿΛ࢖༻͢Δ͔͸ఆ Ί͍ͯͳ͍ɻσϑΝΫτͱͯ͠͸ v0͔ͭMSCHAPv2) FAST RFC4851
 (΄΅CISCOಠࣗ)
 αʔόূ໌ॻͳ͠ʹTTLSΛ࣮ݱ͢ΔLEAPͷൃలܥن֨ɻͨͩ͠ɺ ূ໌ॻ࢖༻Λڧ͘ਪ঑͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊଘࡏҙ͕ٛෆ໌ɻ νϟϨϯδํࣜ
 ( MSCHAPv2 ) νϟϨϯδํࣜ
 ( MSCHAPv2 ) TTLS RFC5281(2008)
 αʔόূ໌ॻʹΑΔ҉߸τϯωϧ಺ͰΫϥΠΞϯτೝূΛߦ͏ ূ໌ॻʹΑΔೝূ PAP, CHAP, MSCHAP, MSCHAPv2, EAP TLS RFC5216(2008) ূ໌ॻʹΑΔೝূ ূ໌ॻʹΑΔೝূ ͦͷଞͷEAPϓϩτίϧ 0 Reserved 12 KEA-VALIDATE 24 EAP-3Com Wireless 36 Cogent Systems Biometrics Authentication EAP 48 EAP-SAKE 1 Identity 13 EAP-TLS 25 PEAP 37 AirFortress EAP 49 EAP-IKEv2 2 Notification 14 Defender Token (AXENT) 26 MS-EAP-Authentication 38 EAP-HTTP Digest 50 EAP-AKA' 3 Legacy Nak 15 RSA Security SecurID EAP 27 Mutual Authentication w/Key Exchange (MAKE) 39 SecureSuite EAP 51 EAP-GPSK 4 MD5-Challenge 16 Arcot Systems EAP 28 CRYPTOCard 40 DeviceConnect EAP 52 EAP-pwd 5 One-Time Password (OTP) 17 EAP-Cisco Wireless (LEAP) 29 EAP-MSCHAP-V2 41 EAP-SPEKE 53 EAP-EKE Version 1 6 Generic Token Card (GTC) 18 GSM Subscriber Identity Modules (EAP-SIM) 30 DynamID 42 EAP-MOBAC 54 EAP Method Type for PT-EAP 7 Allocated 19 SRP-SHA1 31 Rob EAP 43 EAP-FAST 55 TEAP 8 Allocated 20 Unassigned 32 Protected One-Time Password (POTP) 44 ZoneLabs EAP (ZLXEAP) 56-191 Unassigned 9 RSA Public Key Authentication 21 EAP-TTLS 33 MS-Authentication-TLV 45 EAP-Link 192-253 Unassigned 10 DSS Unilateral 22 Remote Access Service 34 SentriNET 46 EAP-PAX 254 Reserved for the Expanded Type 11 KEA 23 EAP-AKA Authentication 35 EAP-Actiontec Wireless 47 EAP-PSK 255 Experimental
36. ೝূˍ伴ަ׵γʔέϯε
37. ؆୯ઃఆ ํ๏ ن֨ ೝূํࣜ ૬ޓೝূ AOSS ಠࣗ WPSʹઌΜͯ͡ɺBUFFALOͷಠࣗن֨ Push ButtonʹΑΔೝূ ָʑແઢελʔτ NECΞΫηεςΫχΧಠࣗ Push ButtonʹΑΔೝূ Jump Start Atheros Communicationಠࣗ Windows Connect Now MSಠࣗ (XP SP2, Win7) WPS Wi-Fi Alliance PBCํࣜ Push ButtonʹΑΔೝূ PINํࣜ PIN CodeʹΑΔೝূ WPS 2.0 WPS + Wi-Fi DirectରԠͳͲ
38. ఻ૹํࣜ • ϕʔεόϯυ఻ૹ • ൖૹଳҬ఻ૹ ૹΓ͍ͨ৴߸ = ϕʔεόϯυ৴߸ • ͦͷ··ૹΔɻ༗ઢͰଟ͍ɻEther, USB, … • ೾ʹ৐ͤͯૹΔɻແઢͰଟ͍ɻ ൖૹ೾ ͲΜͳ೾ʁ ?
39. ൖૹ೾ (2.4GHz)
40. ൖૹ೾ (5GHz)
41. ೾ʹͲ͏΍ͬͯσʔλͷͤΔͷʁ ?
42. มௐํࣜ ASK (OOK) FSK BPSK QPSK ೾͕ͳ͍ͱ0ɺ͋Δͱ1 ೾͕஗͍ͱ0ɺ଎͍ͱ1 Ґ૬͕180౓ͣΕ͍ͯΔͱ1
43. ίϯελϨʔγϣϯ BPSK QPSK Ұͭͷ೾Ͱɺ̌ʙ3 ·Ͱͷ4छྨͷ৴߸( 00, 01, 10, 11 ) = 2bitͷ৘ใ͕఻ૹՄೳʂ
44. ίϯελϨʔγϣϯ APSK Ұͭͷ೾Ͱɺ̌ʙ7 ·Ͱͷ8छྨͷ৴߸ = 3bitͷ৘ใ͕఻ૹՄೳʂ
45. ίϯελϨʔγϣϯ 16QAM Ұͭͷ೾Ͱɺ̌ʙ15 ·Ͱͷ16छྨͷ৴߸ = 4bitͷ৘ใ͕఻ૹՄೳʂ
46. ίϯελϨʔγϣϯ 64QAM Ұͭͷ೾Ͱɺ0ʙ63 ·Ͱͷ64छྨͷ৴߸ = 6bitͷ৘ใ͕఻ૹՄೳʂ 802.11g ʮγϯϘϧʯͱݴ͍·͢ɻ 1 symbol = 6 bit
47. ଟॏํࣜ FHSS DSSS (+CCK) OFDM MIMO ॳ୅802.11 ͸͜Ε BT΋͜Ε ʢ಺༰͸লུʣ 802.11b ͸͜Ε ʢ಺༰͸লུʣ 802.11 a/g/n/ac ͸͜Ε 802.11 n/ac ͸͜Ε΋
48. OFDMͬͯͳʹʁ ?
49. प೾਺෼෍ಛੑ ASK Ͱ͋Ε QAM Ͱ͋Εɺ೚ҙͷ৘ใܥྻΛ୯Ґ࣌ؒ T Ͱൖૹ೾ fc ʹมௐΛ ͔͚ͨ৔߹ɺͦͷมௐ೾ͷऔΔप೾਺෼෍ಛੑ(εϖΫτϥϜ)͸ԼਤͷΑ͏ʹ ͳΔɻ 802.11g ҰͭͷγϯϘϧΛૹΔ࣌ؒ͸ 3.2usec ͭ·Γɺ୯Ґ࣌ؒ T = 3.2usec 1/T = 312.5k ͜ΕΛαϒΩϟϦΞͱݺͼ·͢ɻ
50. ॏͶ߹Θͤ ௚ަαϒΩϟϦΞ OFDM ͸͜ͷʮ୩ఈʯͱͳΔψϧ఺ͷप೾਺ʹ࣍ͷൖૹ೾ͷࢁΛࡌͤΔ͜ͱͰɺׯবΛ࠷গʹ͠ͳ͕Βෳ਺ͷ ൖૹप೾਺Λڱ͍εϖΫτϥϜʹ٧Ί͜Ή͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ ୩ ࢁ + = αϒΩϟϦΞ͕௚ަ͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊɺ͋ͱ͔Β ਖ਼͘͠෼཭Ͱ͖ΔͷͰ͢ɻෆࢥٞʂ
51. ύΠϩοτʢج४ʣ৴߸ͱͯ͠༻͍ΔͨΊσʔλ͸ͷͤͳ͍ɿຊ 312.5k ͣͭ෼ׂ͢Δͱɺ64ݸͷαϒΩϟϦΞ
    .
    
    L
    
    
    ͱͳΓͷνϟωϧप೾਺͔ΒӨڹΛड͚ͳ͍໨తͰ࢖Θͳ͍ ʢΨʔυόϯυʣ 6 5 தԝʢ-0ϦʔΫʣ͸ Կނ͔࢖Θͳ͍
    
    ຊ ॏͶ߹Θͤ 802.11g 64ຊͷαϒΩϟϦΞͷ͏ͪɺ ҎԼ͸࢖͑ͳ͍ɻ 1 : தԝ 4 : ύΠϩοτ༻ 6+5 : Ψʔυόϯυ༻ ࢖͑Δͷ͸ 48ຊ !
52. ΨʔυΠϯλʔόϧ (GI) IFFTग़ྗ৴߸Λ࠷ޙͷ෦෼͔ΒҰఆظؒʢ0.8us෼ʣίϐʔ͠ɺͦΕΛΨʔυΠϯλʔόϧͱ͠ ͯIFFTग़ྗ৴߸ͷઌ಄ʹܨ͗߹ΘͤΔɻ ͜ΕʹΑΓɺΨʔυΠϯλʔόϧͷେ͖͞·Ͱͷ஗ԆʹΑΔׯবʹରॲͰ͖Δɻ ΨʔυΠϯλʔόϧ (GI) ͸৘ใΛ ӡͿ΋ͷ͸ͳ͍ͨΊɺσʔλͷ ఻ૹ଎౓͸௿Լ͢Δɻ 802.11g GI = 0.8usec
53. ৞ΈࠐΈූ߸ 1/2 rateͷྫ • 1bitΛ2bitΛ༻͍ͯද͢ɻ
54. 7 Encoding Process 00 00 10 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 00 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 1(10) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(00) 0(10) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 0(11) Input: 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 Output: 11 01 00 10 01 10 11 ৞ΈࠐΈූ߸ͷΤϯίʔυ
55. ৞ΈࠐΈූ߸ͷσίʔυ ϏλϏΞϧΰϦζϜ 10 Viterbi Decoding Process 00 00 10 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 00 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 1(10) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(00) 0(10) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 0(11) Output: 11 01 00 10 01 10 11 Receive: 11 11 00 10 01 11 11 2 0
56. 11 Viterbi Decoding Process 00 00 10 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 00 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 1(10) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(00) 0(10) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 0(11) Output: 11 01 00 10 01 10 11 Receive: 11 11 00 10 01 11 11 2 0 4 2 1 1 ৞ΈࠐΈූ߸ͷσίʔυ ϏλϏΞϧΰϦζϜ
57. 12 Viterbi Decoding Process 00 00 10 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 00 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 1(10) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(00) 0(10) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 0(11) Output: 11 01 00 10 01 10 11 Receive: 11 11 00 10 01 11 11 2 0 4 2 1 1 3 2 1 2 ৞ΈࠐΈූ߸ͷσίʔυ ϏλϏΞϧΰϦζϜ
58. 13 Viterbi Decoding Process 00 00 10 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 00 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 1(10) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(00) 0(10) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 0(11) Output: 11 01 00 10 01 10 11 Receive: 11 11 00 10 01 11 11 2 0 4 2 1 1 3 2 1 2 3 2 3 1 ৞ΈࠐΈූ߸ͷσίʔυ ϏλϏΞϧΰϦζϜ
59. 14 Viterbi Decoding Process 00 00 10 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 00 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 1(10) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(00) 0(10) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 0(11) Output: 11 01 00 10 01 10 11 Receive: 11 11 00 10 01 11 11 2 0 4 2 1 1 3 2 1 2 3 2 3 1 3 3 3 1 ৞ΈࠐΈූ߸ͷσίʔυ ϏλϏΞϧΰϦζϜ
60. 15 Viterbi Decoding Process 00 00 10 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 00 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 1(10) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(00) 0(10) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 0(11) Output: 11 01 00 10 01 10 11 Receive: 11 11 00 10 01 11 11 2 0 4 2 1 1 3 2 1 2 3 2 3 1 3 3 3 1 3 2 ৞ΈࠐΈූ߸ͷσίʔυ ϏλϏΞϧΰϦζϜ
61. 16 Viterbi Decoding Process 00 00 10 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 00 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 1(10) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(00) 0(10) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 0(11) Output: 11 01 00 10 01 10 11 Receive: 11 11 00 10 01 11 11 2 0 4 2 1 1 3 2 1 2 3 2 3 1 3 3 3 1 3 2 2 ৞ΈࠐΈූ߸ͷσίʔυ ϏλϏΞϧΰϦζϜ
62. 17 Viterbi Decoding Process 00 00 10 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 10 11 00 01 00 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(10) 1(01) 1(10) 1(00) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 1(10) 0(01) 0(00) 1(11) 0(00) 0(10) 0(11) 0(01) 0(00) 0(11) Decision:11 01 00 10 01 10 11 Receive: 11 11 00 10 01 11 11 2 0 4 2 1 1 3 2 1 2 3 2 3 1 3 3 3 1 3 2 2 Output: 1011100 ৞ΈࠐΈූ߸ͷσίʔυ ϏλϏΞϧΰϦζϜ
63. 802.11gͰͷ௨৴଎౓ • 1 symbol = 6 bit • 1 symbolૹ৴࣌ؒ(usec) = 3.2 + 0.8 = 4.0 usec
 → symbol rate = 1/4.0 usec = 250k symbol/sec
 → 1αϒΩϟϦΞ͋ͨΓͷૹ৴Մೳbit਺ 
 ɹɹ6 bit/symbol x 250k symbol/sec = 1.5M bit/sec • σʔλ఻ૹՄೳͳαϒΩϟϦΞ਺ : 48
 → શαϒΩϟϦΞͰ఻ૹՄೳͳbit਺
 ɹ1.5M bit/sec x 48 = 72M bit/sec • ූ߸Խޮ཰ : 3/4
 → 72M bit/sec x 3/4 = 54M bit/sec
64. MIMO • ͨ͘͞ΜͷΞϯςφͰͨ͘͞ΜૹΔٕज़ɻ
65. 802.11nͰͷߴ଎Խ • όϯυ෯֦େ 40MHz (νϟωϧϘϯσΟϯά) • αϒΩϟϦΞ਺ͷ૿Ճ • ΨʔυΠϯλʔόϧ୹ॖ • ූ߸Խޮ཰ͷ޲্ • MIMOʹΑΔ࠷େ4ετϦʔϜ௨৴
66. 5480 5500 5520 5540 5560 5580 प೾਺ .)[ 5600 5620 5640 5660 5680 5700 W56 100ch (5.50GHz) 104ch (5.52GHz) 108ch (5.54GHz) 112ch (5.56GHz) 116ch (5.58GHz) 120ch (5.60GHz) 124ch (5.62GHz) 128ch (5.64GHz) 132ch (5.66GHz) 136ch (5.68GHz) 140ch (5.70GHz) όϯυ෯֦େ 40MHz 5160 5180 5200 5220 5240 5260 प೾਺ .)[ 5280 5300 5320 36ch (5.18GHz) 40ch (5.20GHz) 44ch (5.22GHz) 48ch (5.24GHz) 52ch (5.26GHz) 56ch (5.28GHz) 60ch (5.30GHz) 64ch (5.32GHz) W52 W53
67. ύΠϩοτʢج४ʣ৴߸ͱͯ͠༻͍ΔͨΊσʔλ͸ͷͤͳ͍ɿຊ 312.5k ͣͭ෼ׂ͢Δͱɺ64ݸͷαϒΩϟϦΞ
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    L
    
    
    ͱͳΓͷνϟωϧप೾਺͔ΒӨڹΛड͚ͳ͍໨తͰ࢖Θͳ͍ ʢΨʔυόϯυʣ 4 3 தԝʢ-0ϦʔΫʣ͸ Կނ͔࢖Θͳ͍
    
    ຊ αϒΩϟϦΞ਺ͷ૿Ճ (20MHz) 802.11n 64ຊͷαϒΩϟϦΞͷ͏ͪɺ ҎԼ͸࢖͑ͳ͍ɻ 1 : தԝ 4 : ύΠϩοτ༻ 4+3 : Ψʔυόϯυ༻ ࢖͑Δͷ͸ 52ຊ !
68. ύΠϩοτʢج४ʣ৴߸ͱͯ͠༻͍ΔͨΊσʔλ͸ͷͤͳ͍ɿຊ 312.5k ͣͭ෼ׂ͢Δͱɺ128ݸͷαϒΩϟϦΞ
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    L
    
    
    ͱͳΓͷνϟωϧप೾਺͔ΒӨڹΛड͚ͳ͍໨తͰ࢖Θͳ͍ ʢΨʔυόϯυʣ 6 5 தԝʢ-0ϦʔΫʣ͸ Կނ͔࢖Θͳ͍
    
    ຊ αϒΩϟϦΞ਺ͷ૿Ճ (40MHz) 802.11n 128ຊ ͷαϒΩϟϦΞͷ͏ͪɺ ҎԼ͸࢖͑ͳ͍ɻ 3 : தԝ 6 : ύΠϩοτ༻ 6+5 : Ψʔυόϯυ༻ ࢖͑Δͷ͸ 108ຊ !
69. ΨʔυΠϯλʔόϧ୹ॖ 802.11g GI = 0.8usec 802.11n GI = 0.4usec
70. ූ߸Խޮ཰ͷ޲্ 802.11g 3/4 802.11n 5/6
71. MIMOʹΑΔ࠷େ4ετϦʔϜ௨৴ 802.11g x 1 802.11n x 4
72. 802.11nͰͷ௨৴଎౓ • 1 symbol = 6 bit • 1 symbolૹ৴࣌ؒ(usec) = 3.2 + 0.4 = 3.6 usec
 → symbol rate = 1/3.6 usec = 277.77k symbol/sec
 → 1αϒΩϟϦΞ͋ͨΓͷૹ৴Մೳbit਺ 
 ɹɹ6 bit/symbol x 277.77k symbol/sec = 1.666M bit/sec • σʔλ఻ૹՄೳͳαϒΩϟϦΞ਺ : 108
 → શαϒΩϟϦΞͰ఻ૹՄೳͳbit਺
 ɹ1.666M bit/sec x 108 = 180M bit/sec • ූ߸Խޮ཰ : 5/6
 → 180M bit/sec x 5/6 = 150M bit/sec • MIMOʹΑΔ4ετϦʔϜ
 → 150M bits/sec x 4ຊ = 600M bit/sec
73. 802.11nͰͷߴ଎Խ ·ͱΊ OFDMͷ54MbpsͷσʔλϨʔτ͸ɺ্ͷ5߲໨ͷٕज़ʹΑͬͯ300MbpsʹͳΓ·͢ɻ ූ߸Խ཰ͷ޲্ʹΑͬͯɺͦΕ·Ͱ࠷େ3/4ͩͬͨූ߸Խ཰͕5/6ʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻ͜ΕʹΑΓɺσʔλϨʔτ͕(5/6)/(3/4)Ͱ10/9ഒʹͳΓ·͢ɻ αϒΩϟϦΞ਺૿Ճͱόϯυ෯40MHz͸಺༰తʹ͸ಉ౳Ͱ͢ɻϋϯυ෯͕ഒʹͳΔ͜ͱͰɺαϒΩϟϦΞ਺͕૿͑ΔͨΊͰ͢ɻ ͜ͷͱ͖ɺݩʑσʔλ৴߸༻ʹ48ຊͩͬͨαϒΩϟϦΞ͕108ຊʹͳΓ·͢ɻͭ·Γɺ9/4ഒʹͳΓ·͢ɻ MIMOͷSDMʹΑΔ4ετϦʔϜ௨৴ʹΑͬͯɺσʔλϨʔτ͕4ഒʹͳΓ·͢ɻ ࠷ޙʹΨʔυΠϯλʔόϧͷ୹ॖʹΑͬͯɺσʔλϨʔτ͕4/3.6Ͱ10/9ഒʹͳΓ·͢ɻ ͢ͳΘͪɺ͜ΕΒΛ૯߹͢Δͱɺ࣍ͷΑ͏ͳܭࢉʹͳΓ·͢ɻ 54 × 10/9 × 9/4 × 4 × 10/9 ʹ 600 (Mbps) 11nͷσʔλϨʔτ͸ɺ͜ͷΑ͏ʹͯ͠600Mbps·ͰߴΊΒΕ͍ͯ·͢ɻ ͨͩ͠ɺ͜Ε͸ཧ࿦஋Ͱ͋Γɺ11nͷ࣮ޮϨʔτΛߴΊΔͨΊʹͦͷ΄͔ʹɺA-MPDUͳͲͷϑϨʔϜΞάϦήʔγϣϯ΍ɺϒϩοΫACKͳͲɺ΋ͬͱଟ͘ͷ৽ٕज़͕༻͍ΒΕ͍ͯ·͢ɻ ͦΕʹΑΓɺ࣮ޮϨʔτ100MbpsΦʔόʔͷ11nͷߴ଎௨৴͕Ͱ͖ΔΘ͚Ͱ͢ɻ • ූ߸Խޮ཰ͷ޲্ • αϒΩϟϦΞ਺ͷ૿Ճ • όϯυ෯֦େ 40MHz (νϟωϧϘϯσΟϯά) • ΨʔυΠϯλʔόϧ୹ॖ • MIMOʹΑΔ4ετϦʔϜ௨৴
74. 802.11acͰͷߴ଎Խ • αϒΩϟϦΞ਺ͷ૿Ճ • όϯυ෯֦େ 160MHz (νϟωϧϘϯσΟϯά) • มௐ৴߸ͷଟ஋Խ (256QAM) • MIMOʹΑΔ࠷େ8ετϦʔϜ௨৴
75. ύΠϩοτʢج४ʣ৴߸ͱͯ͠༻͍ΔͨΊσʔλ͸ͷͤͳ͍ɿຊ 312.5k ͣͭ෼ׂ͢Δͱɺ512ݸͷαϒΩϟϦΞ
    .
    
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    ͱͳΓͷνϟωϧप೾਺͔ΒӨڹΛड͚ͳ͍໨తͰ࢖Θͳ͍ ʢΨʔυόϯυʣ 6 5 தԝʢ-0ϦʔΫʣ͸ Կނ͔࢖Θͳ͍
    
    ຊ 3 3 αϒΩϟϦΞ਺ͷ૿Ճ (160MHz) 802.11ac 512ຊͷαϒΩϟϦΞͷ͏ͪɺ ҎԼ͸࢖͑ͳ͍ɻ 11 : தԝ 16 : ύΠϩοτ༻ 6+3+3+5 : Ψʔυόϯυ༻ ࢖͑Δͷ͸ 468ຊ !
76. 5480 5500 5520 5540 5560 5580 प೾਺ .)[ 5600 5620 5640 5660 5680 5700 W56 100ch (5.50GHz) 104ch (5.52GHz) 108ch (5.54GHz) 112ch (5.56GHz) 116ch (5.58GHz) 120ch (5.60GHz) 124ch (5.62GHz) 128ch (5.64GHz) 132ch (5.66GHz) 136ch (5.68GHz) 140ch (5.70GHz) 5160 5180 5200 5220 5240 5260 प೾਺ .)[ 5280 5300 5320 36ch (5.18GHz) 40ch (5.20GHz) 44ch (5.22GHz) 48ch (5.24GHz) 52ch (5.26GHz) 56ch (5.28GHz) 60ch (5.30GHz) 64ch (5.32GHz) W52 W53 όϯυ෯֦େ 160MHz
77. มௐ৴߸ͷଟ஋Խ (256QAM) 802.11n 6 bit/symbol 802.11ac 8 bit/symbol
78. MIMOʹΑΔ࠷େ8ετϦʔϜ௨৴ 802.11n x 4 802.11ac x 8
79. 802.11acͰͷ௨৴଎౓ • 1 symbol = 8 bit • 1 symbolૹ৴࣌ؒ(usec) = 3.2 + 0.4 = 3.6 usec
 → symbol rate = 1/3.6 usec = 277.77k symbol/sec
 → 1αϒΩϟϦΞ͋ͨΓͷૹ৴Մೳbit਺ 
 ɹɹ8 bit/symbol x 277.77k symbol/sec = 2.222M bit/sec • σʔλ఻ૹՄೳͳαϒΩϟϦΞ਺ : 468
 → શαϒΩϟϦΞͰ఻ૹՄೳͳbit਺
 ɹ 2.222M bit/sec x 468 = 1.04G bit/sec • ූ߸Խޮ཰ : 5/6
 → 1.04G bit/sec x 5/6 = 866.6M bit/sec • MIMOʹΑΔ8ετϦʔϜ
 → 866.6M bits/sec x 8ຊ = 6.9G bit/sec
80. ࣮ޮޮ཰ͷ࿩ • άϦʔϯϑΟʔϧυϞʔυ (802.11g) • ϑϨʔϜΞάϦήʔγϣϯ (802.11e) • ϒϩοΫACK, NOACK (802.11e)
81. άϦʔϯϑΟʔϧυϞʔυ • Long Preamble : 192usec • Short Preamble : 96usec • ERP-ODFM Preamble : 20usec
82. ϑϨʔϜΞάϦήʔγϣϯ 802.11nͰ͸࠷େ64K Byte 802.11acͰ͸࠷େ1M Byte
83. ϒϩοΫACK
84. ࣮ޮޮ཰ͷ࿩
85. 802.11 ଎౓ൺֱʢ࠶ܝʣ
86. 802.11e (QoS) • AC_VO (Voice) • AC_VI (Video) • AC_BE (Best Effort) • AC_BK (Background) IPϔομͷTOS (Type of Service)΍ɺ802.11QͰنఆ͞ΕΔVLAN-TagͷϓϥΠΦϦςΟͷ஋Λ 4ͭͷACʹׂΓ౰ͯΔͳͲͰ༏ઌ෇͚͢Δɻ ૹ৴ํࣜͱͯ͠ɺҎԼͷ͕̎ͭ͋Δɻ • EDCAํࣜ • HCCAํࣜ
87. QoS EDCAํࣜ • EDCAํࣜ : Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
 WME (Wireless Multimedia Extensions)Ͱ࠾༻
88. QoS HCCAํࣜ • HCCAํࣜ : HCF (Hybrid Coordination Function) Controlled Channel Access
 WSM (Wireless Scheduled Multimedia)Ͱ࠾༻
89. ϩʔϛϯά ؔ࿈ن֨ આ໌ 802.11f IAPP : APؒ௨৴ 2001೥ʹऴྃ 802.11k ແઢϦιʔεଌఆ 802.11r ߴ଎ϩʔϛϯά 802.11fΛҾ͖ܧ͍Ͱɺ୺຤ͷҠಈޙͰ΋࠶౓ೝূαʔόʹ໰͍ ߹ΘͤͣʹࡁΉΑ͏ʹɺΞΫηεϙΠϯτؒͰ௚઀ೝূ৘ใΛ ަ׵͢Δϓϩτίϧ͕نఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ
90. 802.11k AP1 AP2 AP3 AP4 ᶃ ᶄ ᶅ ᶆ ᶃ ΞΫηεϙΠϯτ͔̍Βϊʔτ̥̘ʹΞΫηεϙΠϯτͷมߋΛ௨஌ ᶄ ࠷దͳΞΫηεϙΠϯτΛ୳͢ཁٻΛग़͢ ᶅ ̖̥͔̍Βແઢ؀ڥʹؔ͢Δ৘ใ͕ૹΒΕͯ͘Δ ᶆ ͜ͷϊʔτ̥̘͸̖̥̎Λબͼɺ࠷దͳ௨৴͕ग़དྷΔ
91. 802.11r Intra Controller Roam Inter Controller Roam Over The Air Over The DS (Distributed System)
92. ·ͱΊ • ແઢʹ͸਺ֶ͕ͨ͘͞Μར༻͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ • ΍ͬͺΓ෯͕޿͍ɻ
 ػೳɺ਺ֶɺ઀ଓɺೝূɺ҉߸ɺͳͲ • ·ͩ·ͩਐԽ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ