Java 7+8

Principales nouveautés depuis... Java 6.

Transcript

1. Java 7+8 NASCA Pierre Verhaeghe Youri Ackx
2. Java 6 :-/ Qu’est-ce qui vous dérange dans Java 6 ? Qu’est-ce qui vous ferait plaisir ?
4. Java 7 Rien d’extraordinaire mais c’est déjà ça
5. String in switch statement @Test public void test_java7() { String artist = "David Bowie"; switch (artist) { case "Michael Jackson": System.out.println("I'm a pop singer."); break; case "David Bowie": System.out.println("I'm a rock singer."); break; case "Frank Sinatra": System.out.println("I'm a jazz singer."); break; default: System.out.println("I'm not a great singer."); break; } }
6. Diamond operator @Test public void test_java6Example(){ Map<String, List<Node>> trades = new HashMap<String, List<Node>> (); System.out.println(trades.size()); } @Test public void test_java7Example(){ Map<String, List<Node>> trades = new HashMap<> (); System.out.println(trades.size()); }
7. Automatic resource management @Test public void test_streamResourceJava7() throws IOException{ //FileOuputStream implements AutoCloseable interface. //factory.create("output.txt") = new FileOutputStream("output.txt"); try (FileOutputStream out = factory.create("output.txt");) { } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } verify(stream, times(1)).close(); } C’est la syntaxe
8. Literals with underscores @Test public void test(){ int millionJava6 = 1000000; int millionJava7 = 1_000_000; Assert.assertEquals("Million expected.", millionJava7 , millionJava6); }
9. Multicatch @Test public void test_multipleExceptionsJava7(){ try { generateExceptions(); } catch (IOException | SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
10. NIO 2.0 Nouvelle API : java.nio.* • Path : représentation d’un chemin relatif/absolu • FileSystem • Classes utilitaires : Paths, Files, FileSystems • WatchService
11. NIO 2.0 exemples //java6 read file FileReader fr = null; BufferedReader reader = null; try { fr = new FileReader(SOURCE_FILE); reader = new BufferedReader(fr); String line; line = reader.readLine(); while ( line != null ) { System.out.println(line); line = reader.readLine(); } } //java 7 read small file List<String> lines = Files.readAllLines(SOURCE_FILE.toPath(), Charset.forName("UTF-8")); for (String line : lines){ System.out.println(line); }
12. NIO 2.0 exemples @Test public void test_fileFilter(){ PathMatcher matcher = FileSystems.getDefault().getPathMatcher("glob:**/*.txt"); //regex can also be used Path path = SOURCE_FILE.toPath(); if (matcher.matches(path)) { System.out.println(path); } } @Test public void test_copyFileJava7() throws IOException{ Files.copy(SOURCE_FILE.toPath(), TARGET_FILE.toPath()); Assert.assertTrue(TARGET_FILE.exists()); }
13. Java 8 Pour faire comme les hipsters
14. Imperative vs functional programming
15. Imperative programming : programmes basés sur des états mémoires et composés d’instructions qui changent ces états à l’exécution. List<Student> students = … List<Student> tenOverFifty = new ArrayList<Student>(); int count = 0; for (Student student : students) { if (student.getScore() > 50) { tenOverFifty.add(student); count++; if (count >= 10) break; } } return tenOverFifty;
16. Functional programming : programmes composés d’ un ensemble d’expressions évaluées à l’exécution. List<Student> students = … return students.stream() .filter(s -> s.getScore() > 50) .limit(10); Avantage : lisibilité, non lié à un état du système, ...
17. Avant Java 8, était-il possible de faire de la programmation fonctionnelle?
18. Guava, Functional java, Jambda, ... Exemple : public List<Tax> getExtraTax() { return Lists.newArrayList(filter(getTaxes(), Taxes.Predicates.YEARLY)); }
19. Lambdas Méthodes anonymes visant à réduire la verbosité des classes anonymes
20. Lambdas (Object o) -> o.toString() Object::toString (Person p) -> p.getName().equals(name) p -> p.getName().equals(name) Method reference Type inference
21. Lambdas JButton btn = new JButton(); final PrintStream pStream = ...; btn.addActionListener(new ActionListener { @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { pStream.println("Button Clicked!"); } }); JButton btn = new JButton(); final PrintStream pStream = ...; btn.addActionListener(e -> pStream.println("Button Clicked!"));
22. java.util.stream filter / map / reduce
23. java.util.streams List<Student> students = …; Stream stream = students.stream(); Stream parallelstream = students.parallelStream(); • Traversés une seule fois • Inifinis • Lazy
24. java.util.streams - Sources Collections Set<Student> students = …; Stream stream = students.stream(); Generators Random random = new Random(); Stream randomNumbers = Stream.generate(random::nextInt); From other streams Stream newStream = Stream.concat(stream, randomNumbers);
25. java.util.streams - Intermediate operations .filter exclude all elements that don’t match a Predicate .map transform element using a Function .flatMap transform each element into 0+ elements by way of another Stream .peek perform some action on each element .distinct exclude duplicates (equals()) .sorted ordered elements (Comparator) .limit max numbers of elements .substream range by index of elements
26. java.util.streams - Pre-Java8 List<Student> students = … int highScore2014 = Integer.MIN_VALUE; for (Student student : students) { if (student.getGradYear() == 2014 && student.getScore() > highScore2014) { highScore2014 = student.getScore(); } } return highScore2014;
27. java.util.streams - Java8 List<Student> students = … return students.stream() .filter(Student s -> s.getGradYear() == 2014) .map(Student s -> s.getScore()) .max();
28. java.util.streams - Java8 List<Student> students = … return students.stream() .filter(s -> s.getGradYear() == 2014) .map(s -> s.getScore()) .max(); Student s -> Type inference
29. java.util.streams - Pre-Java8 List<Student> students = … List<Student> tenOverFifty = new ArrayList<Student>(); int count = 0; for (Student student : students) { if (student.getScore() > 50) { tenOverFifty.add(student); count++; if (count >= 10) break; } } return tenOverFifty;
30. java.util.streams - Java8 List<Student> students = … return students.stream() .filter(s -> s.getScore() > 50) .limit(10);
31. java.util.streams - Terminating operations reducers reduce(), count(), findAny(), findFirst() collectors collect() forEach iterators
32. java.util.streams - Natural numbers IntStream natural = IntStream.iterate(0, i -> i + 1); natural .limit(10) .forEach(System.out::println); seed IntUnaryOperator
33. Functional Interfaces Single Abstract Method Type
34. Functional Interfaces - Example @FunctionalInterface public interface Runnable { public abstract void run(); } Runnable r = () -> System.out.println("Hello World!"); Historically have used single method interfaces to represent functions: Runnable, Comparator, ActionListener
35. java.util.function Predicate<T> - a boolean-valued property of an object Consumer<T> - an action to be performed on an object Function<T, R> - a function transforming a T to a R Supplier<T> - provide an instance of a T (such as a factory) UnaryOperator<T> - a function from T to T BinaryOperator<T> - a function from (T, T) to T
36. java.util.function - Example Collections.sort(people, new Comparator<Person>() { @Override public int compare(Person x, Person y) { return x.getLastName().compareTo(y.getLastName()); } } Collections.sort(people, Comparators.comparing(Person::getLastName()); Method reference
37. java.util.function - Method references A static method (ClassName::methName) An instance method of a particular object (instanceRef::methName) A super method of a particular object (super::methName) An instance method of an arbitrary object of a particular type (ClassName::methName) A class constructor reference (ClassName::new) An array constructor reference (TypeName[]::new)
38. Default methods Ajoute un comportement par défaut à une interface
39. Default methods - Pourquoi Java 8 offre les lambdas et on veut les utiliser : List<?> list = ...; list.forEach(...); // lamdba code N’existe pas sur java.util.list. Ajouter des méthodes à l’ interface casserait les implémentations existantes. = Default methods = Defender methods Rétrocompatible : on peut ajouter une méthode par défaut sans casser l’existant. Cela réduit aussi la qté de code.
40. Default methods - Exemple public interface FlyingAbility { default void fly() { System.out.println(“I’m flying”); } } public class Duck implements FlyingAbility { } Duck duck = new Duck(); duck.fly();
41. Default methods - Exemple public interface FlyingAbility { default void fly() { System.out.println(“I’m flying”); } } public interface SwimmingAbility { default void swim() { System.out.println(“I’m swimming”); } } public class Duck implements FlyingAbility, SwimmingAbility { } Duck duck = new Duck(); duck.fly(); duck.swim();
42. Default methods - Exemple public interface A { default void foo() { System.out.println(“A foo”); } } public interface B { default void foo() { System.out.println(“B foo”); } } public class Duck implements A, B { } Et ça compile?
43. java.time Il était temps
44. java.time • Immutability -> multi-threading • Séparation des différentes notions : Date, Time, DateTime, Timestamp, Timezone, Period, Duration, Instant • Clareté : méthodes définies clairement et uniformément (plus de différences entre java.util.Date et java.sql.Date) • Méthodes utilitaires : plus, minus, format, … • Extensible : ouvert à d’autres systèmes de calendriers • Gestion en standard de l’i18n
45. java.time - Current time Clock clockUTC = Clock.systemUTC(); Clock clockDefault = Clock.systemDefaultZone();
46. java.time - Timezones ZoneId zone = ZoneId.systemDefault(); ZoneId zoneBerlin = ZoneId.of("Europe/Berlin"); Clock clock = Clock.system(zoneBerlin);
47. java.time - Human readable class LocalDate { public static LocalDate now() { ... } public static LocalDate now(ZoneId zone) { ... } public static LocalDate now(Clock clock) { ... } } LocalDate date = LocalDate.now(); System.out.printf("%s-%s-%s", date.getYear(), date.getMonthValue(), date.getDayOfMonth());
48. java.time - Calculations LocalTime lt = LocalTime.now(); lt.plus(5, ChronoUnit.HOURS); lt.plusHours(5); Duration dur = Duration.of(5, ChronoUnit.HOURS); lt.plus(dur);
49. Accumulators
50. Accumulators - Exemples DoubleAccumulator da = new DoubleAccumulator((x,y) -> x + y, 0.0); List<Double> doubles = Arrays.asList(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 10.0); doubles.forEach(da::accumulate); System.out.println("Result: " + da.doubleValue()); 20 LongAdder la = new LongAdder(); List<long> longs = Arrays.asList(10, 20, 30, 40, 100); longs.forEach(la::accumulate); System.out.println("Result: " + la.longValue()); 200 Utilité : compteur de statistique, remplacement de la classe AtomicInt, AtomicLong, ...
51. java.util.Optional Null-safe navigation
52. java.util.Optional - pre-Java8 String version = computer.getSoundcard().getUSB().getVersion(); return version != null ? version : “UNKNOWN”;
53. java.util.Optional - pre-Java8 String version = “UNKNOWN”; if (computer != null) { Soundcard soundcard = computer.getSoundCard(); if (soundcard != null) { Usb usb = soundcard.getUsb(); if (usb != null) { version = usb.getVersion(); } } } return version;
54. java.util.Optional - Groovy return computer?.getSoundcard()?.getUSB()?.getVersion() ?: "UNKNOWN"; null-safe navigation Elvis operator
55. java.util.Optional - Java8 public class Computer { private Optional<Soundcard> soundcard; public Optional<Soundcard> getSoundcard() { ... } } public class Soundcard { private Optional<USB> usb; public Optional<USB> getUSB() { ... } } public class USB{ public String getVersion(){ ... } } String version = computer.flatMap(Computer::getSoundcard) .flatMap(Soundcard::getUSB) .map(USB::getVersion) .orElse("UNKNOWN");
57. java.util.Optional - c0wb0y String version = null; try { version = computer.getSoundcard().getUSB().getVersion(); } catch (NullPointerException npe) { version = “UNKNOWN”; } return version;
58. Cette œuvre est mise à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Partage dans les Mêmes Conditions 4.0 International.
59. Youri Ackx Agile and Pragmatic Java/Grails Developer @YouriAckx
60. Pierre Verhaeghe