HIST-151- Chapter 8/Asia & Americas

Transcript

1. HIST-151 The Rise of Universal Religions Part Two- Asia
2. South Asia Religious and Political Change in India ❖ The Gupta Dynasty! ❖ Established in 320 by Chandragupta! ❖ Prosperous trade with China, SE Asia, Mediterranean! ❖ Decline in late 400s
3. Buddhism ❖ Recap: Traditional / Mahayana schools! ❖ Boddhisatvas = divine?! ❖ Mahayana (Greater Vehicle) Buddhism spreads along Silk Road to China, Southeast Asia! ❖ Hinayana (Lesser Vehicle) Buddhism in Sri Lanka, SE Asia! ❖ Mahayana in China, Korea, Japan
5. Vedic Religion ❖ Eventually known as Hindu! ❖ Vegetarianism ! ❖ Cessation of sacrifice! ❖ Organization of pantheon (Brahma, Vishnu, Siva)! ❖ Individual personal devotion to gods (bhakti)! ❖ Appeals to wider population
6. Lorem Ipsum Dolor As you read… How did “internal colonization” result in cultural unity for South Asia?! ! What was the role of the Code of Manu?
7. Political Changes in China ❖ Civil war after fall of Han! ❖ 220-589: Six Dynasties period! ❖ Northern invasions- and the Northern Wei Dynasty! ❖ Lead to divided China! ❖ Disdain for “outsider” northerners! ❖ Attempts to Sinicize
8. Religious Change in China ❖ Kumarajiva (344-413), Buddhist scholar and missionary ! ❖ Translated Buddhist texts into Chinese ! ❖ Clarified Buddhist terms and philosophy ! ❖ Established Madhyamika Buddhism ! ❖ Reality is transient
10. Daoist Developments ❖ Internal and External Alchemy! ❖ Goal: a transformation of the self, eternal life
11. Lorem Ipsum Dolor As you read… How did the rulers of the Northern Wei dynasty attempt to unify and control China?
12. The Bantu Migrations ❖ One of the largest migration in human history! ❖ Language unifies people! ❖ Worldview! ❖ Nature! ❖ Spirits
13. Lorem Ipsum Dolor As you read… How did the ways the Bantu-speaking peoples organized themselves differ between East Africa and West Africa?
15. Mesoamerica ❖ Teotihuacán ! ❖ City-state ! ❖ Warfare helped control hinterlands ! ❖ City’s political influence limited beyond local area ! ❖ Influence waned by fifth century
17. The Mayan Civilization ❖ Villages—no large cities! ❖ Shared language ! ❖ Connected by trade ! ❖ Kingdoms revolved around hubs and hinterlands ! ❖ Highly stratified! ❖ Subsistence farming