HIST-151--Chapter 11

Transcript

2. —  The  Black  Death   —  War  and  Revolt   —  The  Decline  of   Institutions  
3. —  The  Rise  of  New  States   —  Ottoman  Empire   —  Ming  Dynasty   —  Strengthened  European   Nations   —  The  Renaissance  
6. —  The  Black  Death   —  Reached  Europe  in   October,  1347   —  50-­‐60  percent  death   rate   —  As  many  as  38  million   died   —  Attempts  to  explain  the   plague   —  Climate  Change   —  The  Little  Ice  Age  
7. —  The  Seljuk  Turks   —  Warriors  based  in   Anatolia     —  Sunni  Islam     —  By  the  1500s,  vast  empire     —  Constantinople,  1453   —  Greece,  Balkans,  Europe    
9. —  Impact  of  the  Black  Death   on  China     —  Massive  casualties   —  Chaos,  disorder   —  Resistance  to  the  Yuan   dynasty     —  Red  Turbans  
10. —  1369-­‐1644   —  Achievements  of  the  Ming   —  Administration   —  The  Voyages  of  Zhengha   —  Reasons  for  voyages   —  Results   —  An  Inward  Turn  
11. —  Trade/Industry  Decline   —  Labor  shortage   —  English  Peasant’s   Revolt,  1381   —  France,  Jacquerie  
12. —  The  Hundred  Years’  War,   1337-­‐1453   —  Political  Disintegration   —  By  14th  century  the   feudal  order  was   breaking  down   —  Professional  soldiers  
13. —  The  Papacy  at  Avignon   (1305-­‐1377)   —  7  French  Popes;  refuse  to  live   in  Rome   —  Papacy  returned  to  Rome,   1378   —  Pope  Urban  VI,  1378-­‐1389,  Rome   —  (Anti)Pope  Clement  VII,   1378-­‐1394,  Avignon     —  The  Great  Schism   —  Council  of  Constance,  1414    
15. —  Italian  Renaissance   Humanism   —  Petrarch  (1304-­‐1374)   —  Florence   —  Service  to  the  state   —  Gutenberg  
19. —  Major  States   —  Milan:  Ruled  by  the  French  house  of  Anjou;   —  Sicily  :  Ruled  by  the  Spanish  house  of  Aragon   —  Papal  States:  Ruled  by  the  Popes   —  Venice   —  Trade  in  the  eastern  Mediterranean  and  into  northern  Europe   —  Oligarchy  of  merchant-­‐aristocrats   —  Florence   —  Cosmo  de’  Medici  (1434-­‐1464)  controlled  the  oligarchy   —  Republican  government  for  appearances   —  Italy  battleground  in  struggle  between  France  and   Spain  
20. —  France   —  Louis  XI,  1461-­‐83,  of  France   —  England   —  Wars  of  the  Roses,    ended  in   1485   —  Henry  VII,  1485-­‐1509,  Tudors   —  Abolished  private  armies   —  Spain   —  Isabella  of  Castile,  1474-­‐1504   —  Ferdinand  of  Aragon,   1479-­‐1516   —  Persecutions  of  Jews  and   Muslims  
21. —  Holy  Roman  Empire   —  After  1438,  Habsburgs  become  the  Holy  Roman   Emperors   —  Ruled  collective  possessions  known  as  Austria   —  Eastern  Europe   —  Rulers  struggled  to  achieve  centralization  of   territorial  states   —  Religious  difficulties   —  Russia   —  Ivan  III,  1462-­‐1505     —  Annexed  other  Russian  principalities     —  Threw  off  the  Mongols  in  1480