Chapter 7- HIST-151

Transcript

1. HAN CHINA AND THE ROMAN EMPIRE HIST-151 | CHAPTER SEVEN
2. HAN AND ROME • Common Characteristics • Size & Impact • Economic, political, cultural control • Nature of Officials • Han: Confucian bureaucrat scholars; scholar gentry • Rome: Citizens, soldiers, powerful military leaders
3. HAN CHINA
4. PREQUEL: THE QIN DYNASTY • 221-206 BCE • Came to power at end of Warring States period • Shi Huang Di— “First August Emperor” • “Di” vs. “Wang” • Centralization of Power • 36 Commanderies
6. THOUGHT & CULTURE DURING THE QIN DYNASTY • Standardization • Weights & Measures • Currency • Laws • Legalist outlook • Desire for uniformity of thought
7. THE END OF THE QIN • Shi Huang Di dies with no certain successor: 210 BCE • Widespread revolts by 209 BCE • Liu Bang declares himself “Gao Zu” of the Han Dynasty in 206 BCE
9. HAN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL STRUCTURES • Alliance between imperial family and scholar gentry • Nobles taxed • State monopolies on iron, wine, salt • Scholars become leaders of villages and towns
10. EXPANSION • Wu the Martial (r. 141-87 BCE) • Conquest • Emphasis on Confucian values • Pages 249 & 250 • Efforts to open government jobs to most qualified
11. TRADE • Pax Sinica & the Xiongnu • Government protection of way stations and trading posts • Expansion means more domination of trade routes
12. DECLINE OF THE HAN • Land shortages, natural disasters, uprisings • Wang Mang (9-23 CE) • Later Han (25-220 CE) • Acceptance of fundamental inequalities • Tax exemptions • Han falls, disunity follows
13. ROME
14. THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROME • Migration disrupted status quo (Celtic and Gallic peoples) • Consolidation of power in Italy during 4th century (BCE)
15. EXPANSION OF THE REPUBLIC
16. THE REPUBLIC • Social Divisions • Struggle between Plebians and Patricians • Land problems and attempts at reform • The growing role of the army • Loyalty to generals
18. FALL OF THE REPUBLIC • Competition for power after 53 BCE • Julius Caesar emerges as leader, initiates reforms • Declares himself ruler for life • Assassinated in 44 BCE • Civil War: Octavian vs. Marc Antony • Battle of Actium, 31 BCE • Octavian declares himself Caesar Augustus: beginning of the Empire
20. PAX ROMANA & ECONOMY • Mining • Coinage • Roads • Slaves
21. PAX ROMANA & ECONOMY
23. GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY IN THE EMPIRE • Role of the Emperor • Succession issues • Between Augustus and early 200s, 15 of 22 emperors assassinated or committed suicide • Provinces and Governors • Underdeveloped bureaucracy, compared to Han • Complex legal system • Lawyers, courts, city charters (page 266) • Family: Role of the paterfamilias
24. RELIGION AND CHRISTIANITY • Christianity • Roots • From Judaic offshoot to “universal” religion • Paul of Tarsus • Persecution & Martyrs • Writings
25. RELIGION & CHRISTIANITY • Traditional Roman Religion • Polytheistic • Incorporated Greek deities • Some emperors deified • Household gods