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Cocoa & Objective-C: An Introduction
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Adrian Kosmaczewski
August 28, 2008
Technology
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Cocoa & Objective-C: An Introduction
Introduction to Cocoa and Objective-C given to my colleagues of Electronlibre on August 28th, 2008.
Adrian Kosmaczewski
August 28, 2008
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Transcript
Cocoa & Objective-C An introduction August 28th, 2008
Cocoa & Objective-C • Introduction • Objective-C • Cocoa Touch
• iPhone • “CurrencyConverter” Application • Books • References
Introduction
History • Objective-C • The “other” OO language based in
C • Created by Brad Cox (~1980) • Smalltalk syntax around C • NeXT • The “other” company created by Steve Jobs • NeXTstep: the father of Cocoa
None
None
Legacy
None
None
Objective-C
The Language • Thin layer around C • Message-dispatch runtime
• Static and dynamic (you choose) • The “real” father of Java: • http://cs.gmu.edu/~sean/stuff/java-objc.html
Comparison Objective-C Java @interface & @implementation class @protocol interface #import
// files! import // classes! categories n/a id n/a
Characteristics • Single inheritance + interfaces (“@protocols”) • @protocols can
have optional methods • Fields protected by default • Methods can be added to existing classes • Full introspection / reflection • Messages can be intercepted and forwarded • à la AOP!
Classes
Methods
Calling Methods • “Message Passing” ≠ “Method Call” [object method];
[object methodWithParam:parameter and:other]; • Interface and implementation are decoupled
The “id” type • Placeholder to any type: id name
= @”Adrian”; • Similar to NSString* name = @”Adrian”; • In the latter form, we get compiler checks
Creating Objects • No “new” operator; static and instance methods
used instead: MyClass *value = nil; value = [[MyClass alloc] init];
Creating Objects • Cannot create objects on the stack: •
All objects are created on the heap!
Creating Objects // C++ // Memory freed when out of
scope std::string name(“Adrian”); std::string *name = NULL; name = new std::string(“Adrian”); delete name;
Memory Management • Cocoa allows Garbage Collection only for desktop
apps. • iPhone applications DO NOT use Garbage collection, but manual memory management.
Memory Management • Objects created using “alloc” have a “retain
count” of “1”: // increments retain count [object retain]; // decrements retain count [object release];
Memory Management http://cocoadevcentral.com/d/learn_objectivec/
Memory Management • Only one rule: • “If you create
an object with alloc or copy, send it a release message at the end of the function. If you create an object any other way, do nothing”
Cocoa Touch
Cocoa Touch • Reduced version of the Cocoa framework found
in Mac OS X Leopard • Divided in two parts: • UIKit • Foundation
UIKit
iPhone OS
Address Book ABAddressBook ABMultiValue ABMutableMultiValue ABRecord ABGroup ABPerson
Accelerometer UIAccelerometer UIAccelerometerDelegate
Video MPMoviePlayerController
Location Services
Graphics & Animation CALayer NSGraphicsContext NSRect / NSMakeRect NSBezierPath NSColor
Camera & Photo Library UIImagePickerController UIImagePickerControllerDelegate UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypePhotoLibrary
Code Security
More... • Audio • AudioToolbox • AudioUnit • CoreAudio •
CoreMIDI • OpenAL • XML • WebKit • SQLite • Networking • CFNetwork • Bonjour
CurrencyConverter
CurrencyConverter • Simple application for the iPhone • Shows basic
workflow • Use of • delegation • Interface Builder / Xcode integration • categories
Books
None
None
None
None
References
Objective-C http://cocoadevcentral.com/d/learn_objectivec/ http://www.faqs.org/faqs/computer-lang/Objective-C/faq/ http://cs.gmu.edu/~sean/stuff/java-objc.html http://www.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.13/13.03/CandObjectiveCCompared/
C Tutorial for Cocoa http://cocoadevcentral.com/articles/000081.php
Naming Guidelines http://cocoadevcentral.com/articles/000082.php http://cocoadevcentral.com/articles/000083.php
Cocoa Tutorial http://cocoadevcentral.com/d/learn_cocoa/ http://cocoadevcentral.com/d/learn_cocoa_two/
Thanks!
Questions?