Journey to Modern Spring

Over the past decade, Spring has made tremendous advancements and improvements in a variety of areas that allow us to create applications in many different forms, such as Microservices, Event Driven, Reactive, Cloud, and Serverless.
And if you look at the major changes in Spring 6 and Spring Boot 3, which were recently released, you'll see that they're making a big push towards cloud native.
Today, we're going to take a look at what cloud native is and take a light-hearted look back at what Spring has in store for cloud native and the journey we've taken to get to where we are today.

Transcript

1. +PVSOFZUP.PEFSO4QSJOH
   4QSJOHJOUIF$MPVE&SB
   https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/11/global-shipping-industry-faces-a-new-problem-too-many-containers.html
   ߅ਊӂ
   

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2. ߅ਊӂ.apply {
   ࣗࣘ = "झ೐݂۞ց && ׼Ӕ݃௄"
   ౠ૚ = "݈ ݆਺, nߓࣘ ੤ࢤ"
   }
   

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3. 2013.12 2017.09
   4QSJOH
   BOE
   4QSJOH#PPU
   2018.03 2023.09
   2021.09
   2018.09
   2014.03 2014.04
   JDK 8
   Spring 4.x
   Spring Boot 1.x
   Spring 5.x
   Spring Boot 2.x
   JDK 11 JDK 17 JDK 21
   2022.11 2023.11
   4QSJOH
   

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4. 8IBUsTOFX
   4QSJOHBOE4QSJOH#PPU
   Java 17 and Jakarta EE 9 / 10
   Native Executables
   Observability
   Smaller Changes in Core and Web
   Testing
   Language: text blocks, switch expressions
   Core libraries: collection factory methods, etc
   Type system: records, sealed classes
   Module system: module introspection, module path scanning
   Enterprise: Servlet 5.0, JPA 3.0, etc
   Ahead Of Time AOT
   GraalVM Native Image
   Ahead Of Time AOT for TestContext
   Micrometer Observation
   

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5. 5SBEJUJPOBM+BWBBQQMJDBUJPO
   TUBSUVQTUFQT
   Application
   sources
   Package
   application
   Load and Parse
   configuration
   analyze
   dependencies
   build dependency
   tree
   execute
   code
   Build time Runtime
   

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6. /BUJWF&YFDVUBCMFT
   Application
   sources
   Package
   application
   Load and Parse
   configuration
   analyze
   dependencies
   build dependency
   tree
   execute
   code
   Native
   image
   Runtime
   Build time
   

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7. 8IBUsTOFYU
   4QSJOH
   BOE+%,
   Project Galahad
   GraalVM technology merging into OpenJDK
   Project CRaC
   Bootstrapping from a warmed up HotSpot JVM snapshot
   Project Loom
   lightweight threading model within the JVM
   Project Leyden
   OpenJDK aims to introduce well defined static images
   

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8. 'BTUFS TNBMMFS BOENPSFFGGJDJFOU
   https://noblerr.com/cloud-native-architecture/
   

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9. $MPVE/BUJWF
   https://venturebeat.com/business/4-trends-that-will-shape-the-cloud-native-world-in-2020/
   

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10. 8IBU
    

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11. 1SPQFSUJFTPG
    DMPVEOBUJWFBQQMJDBUJPOT
    Scalability Dynamically support increasing or decreasing workloads
    Loose coupling Components have minimal knowledge of each other
    Resilience Maintain level of service in face of adversity
    Observability Knowledge about the internal state inferred from the outside
    Manageability Level of control from the outside: update, configure, deploy
    

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12. https://www.fool.com.au/2020/02/22/4-top-asx-shares-to-help-you-start-a-share-portfolio/
    

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13. https://www.hpcwire.com/2012/03/19/cloud_moving_from_hype_to_reality/
    Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
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14. 4QSJOHJTUIFNPEFSO
    QSPHSBNNJOHNPEFMGPS
    UIFDMPVEHFOFSBUJPO
    https://www.theregister.com/2009/08/19/springsource_cloud_foundry/
    Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
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15. "QQMJDBUJPO1PSUBCJMJUZ
    2015
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    Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    

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16. 2015
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    Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
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    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    https://aionys.com/how-to-benefit-from-microservices-architecture-implementation/
    

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17. 2015
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    Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    https://www.pngkey.com/detail/u2e6q8i1e6i1i1w7_netflix-oss-spring-cloud-netflix/
    

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18. 2015
    2016
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    Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    https://architecturenotes.co/12-factor-app-revisited/
    

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19. #VJMEJOH
    1SPEVDUJPOSFBEZ
    "QQMJDBUJPOT
    2VJDLMZBOE&BTJMZ
    Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    2015
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    Spring 4
    

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20. Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
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    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    2015
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    Spring 4
    

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21. Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    2015
    2016
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    2018
    2019
    2020
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    Spring 4
    https://thenewstack.io/solomon-hykes-leader-open-source-world-needs/
    

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22. Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    2015
    2016
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    2014
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    Spring 4
    https://techcrunch.com/2014/11/13/amazon-launches-lambda-an-event-driven-compute-service/
    

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23. Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    2015
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    Spring 4
    https://openjdk.org/projects/valhalla/design-notes/state-of-valhalla/02-object-model
    Value
    Object
    (marker)
    Identity
    Object
    (marker)
    Cursor
    Point
    its
    box
    List
    Cursor
    its
    box
    List
    Object
    Iterator
    Abstract
    List
    (partially
    concrete)
    String
    (identity
    significant)
    int[]
    (mutable
    array)
    HashMap
    (mutable
    object)
    LocalDate
    (VBC = value
    based class,
    just before
    migration)
    Memory
    Segment
    (value object:
    secure, no box,
    better VBC)
    Optional
    (VBC migrated
    to value object,
    a NOID)
    int long
    float double
    boolean char
    byte short
    Island of Classless
    Scalar Primitives
    their boxes
    IDENTITY
    OBJECT REF
    (ID-O-SAURs)
    object identity
    construction safety
    fields stay together
    fast pointer compare
    VALUE OBJECT
    REF (NOIDs)
    (includes PRIM boxes)
    freely copyable
    field-wise flattenable
    construction safety
    atomicity, no identity
    THIS MIDDLE SWATH
    IS WHAT’S NEW
    IN VALHALLA
    NON-CONCRETE REF
    polymorphic abstract class or interface
    field-wise flattenable (like NOID)
    freely copyable (like NOID)
    no identity (like NOID)
    defaults to all-zero bits
    no nulls, no direct recursion
    no construction safety
    no atomicity (tearing)
    no polymorphism
    extended primitives, with
    class-like declaration
    POSSIBLE IN VALHALLA
    PRIMITIVES (one quadrant) REFERENCES (three quadrants)
    PRIM = ¬ REF, scalar/extended primitive REF = ¬ PRIM, all are nullable, recursive
    The Zoo of Java Field Types (Valhalla draft design, adding Extended Primitives)
    

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24. Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    2015
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    Spring 4
    

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25. https://pxhere.com/ko/photo/489457
    

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26. https://magicseaweed.com/news/gallery-xl-cloudbreak/12854/
    $MPVE/BUJWF&OUFSQSJTF
    XBWFCSPLF
    2015
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    2012
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27. https://twitter.com/cloudnativejava
    2015
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28. 2015
    2016
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    2014
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    Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2012
    2011
    2010
    

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29. 2015
    2016
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    Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2012
    2011
    2010
    

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30. 2015
    2016
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    Java 11
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    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2012
    2011
    2010
    $MPVEOBUJWFUPQPMPHJFT
    Containers Lightweight and isolated computing contexts
    Orchestration Container scheduling, cluster management
    Serverless Servers and backing services managed by cloud providers
    

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31. 2015
    2016
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    2012
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    https://thecamels.org/en/what-is-the-lift-and-shift-approach-when-migrating-to-the-cloud/
    

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32. 2015
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    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2012
    2011
    2010
    DIBMMFOHFTUPCFDPNJOH
    DMPVEOBUJWFBQQMJDBUJPO
    Start up and Ramp up time
    Footprint
    Memory limits and imperfect CPU
    Application
    sources
    Package
    application
    Load and Parse
    configuration
    analyze
    dependencies
    build dependency
    tree
    execute
    code
    Build time Runtime
    

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33. 2015
    2016
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    2018
    2019
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    2014
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    Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
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    Spring 4
    2012
    2011
    2010
    https://www.womansworld.com/posts/animals/cats-in-small-spaces-169156
    

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34. 5IF3FBDUJWF8BZ
    https://cutt.ly/K82TXBO
    Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
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    2015
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35. Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
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    2015
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    https://www.focaloid.com/casestudies/building-a-customer-support-solution/
    

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36. Spring 5
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    https://github.com/topics/event-driven-architecture
    

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37. Spring 5
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    2015
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38. Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
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    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2015
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    https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/reference/html/core.html#beans-scanning-index
    *OEFYPG
    $BOEJEBUF$PNQPOFOUT
    Optimizes component scanning and improving performance
    Generating an index file with annotation process
    Reducing startup time and memory usage
    dependencies {

    annotationProcessor "org.springframework:spring-context-indexer:${version}"

    }
    Gradle
    META INF/spring.components
    dev.springrunner.application.PostWriteProcessor=org.springframework.stereotype.Service
    dev.springrunner.data.JdbcPostRepository=org.springframework.stereotype.Repository
    ...
    

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39. Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
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    https://www.infoq.com/presentations/present-future-reactive-systems/
    

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40. Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2015
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    https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/reference/html/web-reactive.html#spring-webflux
    8FCPO3FBDUJWFTUBDL
    Designed to high concurrency, scalability and
    low latency with non blocking I/O
    Asynchronous and event driven programming models
    Support for Spring projects, including data and security
    Ideal for building microservices and event driven architectures
    It s not ideal for all cases
    Consider specific requirements and trade offs to decide wisely
    

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41. Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2015
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    https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2019/06/19/project-loom-lightweight-java-threads
    

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42. Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
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    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2015
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    https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2019/06/19/project-loom-lightweight-java-threads
    1SPKFDU-PPN
    JDK 19 finally includes Project Loom as regular preview
    Virtual threads as lightweight threading model within JVM
    A different magnitude of scalability for imperative programming
    Implemented as virtual variants of java.lang.Thread
    Not blocking an operating system thread on I/O operations
    

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43. Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
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    Java 8
    Spring 4
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    https://www.javacodegeeks.com/2017/09/java-9-jigsaw-jpms-modules-personal-exploration.html
    

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44. Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2015
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    https://www.baeldung.com/project-jigsaw-java-modularity
    1SPKFDU+JHTBX
    Better organization and structure for large applications
    Efficiently manage complex dependencies, reduce footprint
    Strengthen security, maintainability with restricted access
    Boost Java runtime optimizations, reduce startup time
    

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45. Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2015
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46. https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/beyond-the-twelve-factor/9781492042631/
    Spring 5
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    2015
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47. %FQMPZJOHUP
    $POUBJOFST 4FSWFSMFTT
    2016
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    2012
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    2015
    

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48. 2016
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    Java 11
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    Spring 6
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    Java 8
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    2012
    2011
    2015
    https://developers.redhat.com/articles/2022/04/19/java-17-whats-new-openjdks-container-awareness
    $POUBJOFS"XBSFOFTT
    Kubernetes and orchestrations limit container with
    CPU, memory quotas
    JVM detects container environment for awareness
    Impact garbage collection,
    size of heap or thread pools, parallelism and etc
    Supported in Java 8u192 and later recommend 17 and 11.0.16
    ❯ java -XX:+UseContainerSupport app.jar
    Console
    2010
    

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49. 2016
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    Java 11
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    Spring 6
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    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2012
    2011
    2015
    https://developers.redhat.com/articles/2022/04/19/java-17-whats-new-openjdks-container-awareness
    $16 .FNPSZMJNJUTBOEVTBHF
    CPU quota determines is available processors, but unreliable
    Increase processors or threads beyond default to avoid throttling
    Memory usage relies on system/classes, threads, max heap size
    Use heap size of 70 80 for containers
    ❯ java -XX:InitialRAMPercentage=75

    -XX:MinRAMPercentage=75 -XX:MaxRAMPercentage=75

    -XX:ActiveProcessorCount=<2x yourCpuLimit> 

    app.jar
    Console
    2010
    

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50. 2016
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    Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
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    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2012
    2011
    2015
    https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/developer/java/containers/overview
    (BSCBHFDPMMFDUJPO
    JVM defaults use available processors and memory for ergonomics
    Select SerialGC or G1GC, depending on the resources available
    Always set GC based on heap size and available processes
    Resources available Default GC
    Any number of processors
    Up to 1791 MB of memory
    SerialGC
    2 processors
    1792 MB or more of memory
    G1GC
    2010
    

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51. 2016
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    Spring Boot 2
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    2012
    2011
    2015
    https://www.happycoders.eu/java/java-10-features/#Application_Class-Data_Sharing
    "QQMJDBUJPO
    $MBTT%BUB4IBSJOH
    JVM features for share common class metadata
    Reduces startup time and memory footprint
    Available in OpenJDK 8 and OracleJDK and later versions
    Ý
    Ý
    Ý
    Application
    sources
    Package
    application
    SharedArchiveFile
    JVM
    JVM
    JVM
    2010
    

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52. 2016
    2017
    2018
    2019
    2020
    2021
    2022
    2014
    2013
    2023
    Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2012
    2011
    2015
    https://www.reddit.com/user/EFdnV/comments/11t0i7e/how_can_cloud_native_java_evolve_to_help_achieve/
    2010
    

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53. 2016
    2017
    2018
    2019
    2020
    2021
    2022
    2014
    2013
    2023
    Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2012
    2011
    2010
    2015
    https://docs.oracle.com/en/graalvm/index.html
    

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54. 2016
    2017
    2018
    2019
    2020
    2021
    2022
    2014
    2013
    2023
    Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2012
    2011
    2015
    &GGJDJFOU$POUBJOFS*NBHFT
    Running spring boot fat jar in container may cause overhead
    Unpacking and running separately may improve startup times
    Spring Boot enables layered docker images for optimized builds
    https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/container-images.html#container-images.efficien
    FROM amazoncorretto:17 AS builder
    COPY . /
    RUN ./gradlew clean build
    RUN build/libs
    RUN jar -xf application.jar
    FROM amazoncorretto:17
    COPY --from=builder build/libs/
    ENTRYPOINT ["java -cp BOOT-INF/classes:BOOT-INF/lib/* springcamp.CloudApplication"]
    Dockerfile
    2010
    

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55. 2016
    2017
    2018
    2019
    2020
    2021
    2022
    2014
    2013
    2023
    Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2012
    2011
    2015
    https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/container-images.html#container-images.docker
    %PDLFSGJMFT
    $MPVE/BUJWF#VJMEQBDLT
    Make dockerfiles for optimized image with layertools
    Buildpacks convert apps into something that cloud platform run
    Support directly for both maven and gradle
    FROM amazoncorretto:17 AS builder
    COPY . /
    RUN ./gradlew clean build
    RUN java -Djarmode=layertools -jar build/libs/application.jar extract
    FROM amazoncorretto:17
    COPY --from=builder application/dependencies/ ./
    COPY --from=builder application/spring-boot-loader/ ./
    COPY --from=builder application/snapshot-dependencies/ ./
    COPY --from=builder application/application/ ./
    ENTRYPOINT ["java", "org.springframework.boot.loader.JarLauncher"]
    Dockerfile
    2010
    

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56. 2016
    2017
    2018
    2019
    2020
    2021
    2022
    2014
    2013
    2023
    Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2012
    2011
    2010
    2015
    https://spring.io/blog/2021/03/11/announcing-spring-native-beta
    

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57. 2016
    2017
    2018
    2019
    2022
    2014
    2013
    2023
    Spring 5
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2012
    2011
    2015
    /BUJWF&YFDVUBCMFT
    2010
    2021
    2020
    Application
    sources
    Package
    application
    Load and Parse
    configuration
    analyze
    dependencies
    build dependency
    tree
    execute
    code
    Native
    image
    Runtime
    Build time
    

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58. (FUUJOHTUBSUFEXJUI
    /BUJWF
    https://gbiomed.kuleuven.be/nl/biomedia/christophedeleclusepassievooratletiek
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2015
    2018
    2019
    2020
    2021
    2022
    2023
    2014
    2013
    2012
    2011
    2010
    2016
    2017
    Spring 5
    Java 21
    

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59. Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2015
    2018
    2019
    2020
    2021
    2022
    2023
    2014
    2013
    2012
    2011
    2010
    2016
    2017
    Spring 5
    Java 21
    Spring AOT Plugin
    Spring
    application
    sources
    javac Application bytecode
    AOT sources
    javac
    AOT
    bytecode
    Native
    configuration
    native image
    compiler
    Native
    Executable
    Substrate VM
    8JOEPXT&9&GJMF
    -JOVY&-'GJMF
    NBD04.BDI0
    /BUJWF&YFDVUBCMFT
    

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60. Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2015
    2018
    2019
    2020
    2021
    2022
    2023
    2014
    2013
    2012
    2011
    2010
    2016
    2017
    Spring 5
    Java 21
    4QSJOH"05 "IFBEPG5JNF
    
    Reducing startup time and memory footprint
    Runtime hints for reflection, resources, serialization, proxies
    Optional for optimized JVM deployments
    Precondition for GraalVM native executables
    AOT is a tradeoff: extra build setup and less flexibility at runtime
    AOT is compiles spring apps to native executable binaries
    https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/reference/html/core.html#core.aot
    

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61. plugins {

    id 'org.graalvm.buildtools.native' version '0.9.17'

    }
    Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2015
    2018
    2019
    2020
    2021
    2022
    2023
    2014
    2013
    2012
    2011
    2010
    2016
    2017
    Spring 5
    Java 21
    (SBBM7./BUJWF*NBHF4VQQPSU
    GraalVM as the de facto standard for native executables
    Strong closed world assumption, no runtime adaptations
    AOT processed application as input native executable
    Very long build time for actual native code generation
    Gradle
    ❯ gradle processAot
    ❯ gradle processTestAot
    ❯ gradle bootBuildImage
    https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/native-image.html
    

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62. Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2015
    2018
    2019
    2020
    2021
    2022
    2023
    2014
    2013
    2012
    2011
    2010
    2016
    2017
    Spring 5
    Java 21
    Ý
    Ý
    Metrics Tracing Logs
    distributed tracing
    https://spring.io/blog/2022/10/12/observability-with-spring-boot-3
    0CTFSWBCJMJUZ
    

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63. Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2015
    2018
    2019
    2020
    2021
    2014
    2013
    2012
    2011
    2010
    2016
    2017
    Spring 5
    Java 21
    BMXBZTCFXBUDIJOH
    2022
    2023
    Beyond traditional monitoring
    Constant partial degradation/failure
    Expect the unexpected
    Answer unknown questions about your system
    Observability is achieved through a set of tools and practices
    that aims to turn data points and context into insights
    

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64. Spring Boot 2
    Java 11
    Java 17
    Spring 6
    Spring Boot 3
    Spring Boot 1
    Java 8
    Spring 4
    2015
    2018
    2019
    2020
    2021
    2022
    2023
    2014
    2013
    2012
    2011
    2010
    2016
    2017
    Spring 5
    Java 21
    4QSJOH'SBNFXPSLm
    /PWFNCFS
    Foundation for Spring Boot 3.2 3.3
    Production ready on JDK 17 21 LTS
    

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65. CZEFTJHOPSCZDIBODF
    CVUSFBMMZDPPM
    https://www.imd.org/ibyimd/brain-circuits/five-steps-to-building-an-inclusive-strategy/
    

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66. 5IF&OE
    

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67. ߅ࢿ୍ নࣻৌ
    ӒܻҊ׼Ӕ݃௄ழޭפ౭प
    https://charity.lovetoknow.com/Words_to_Thank_Volunteers
    

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68. 3FGFSFODF
    Spring Framework 6 Infrastructure Themes
    Cloud Native Spring in Action
    JVM Kubernetes: Optimizing Kubernetes for Java Developers
    Kubernetes Native Java with Quarkus
    

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