Brendan Mackey -Landscape classification and bioregionalisation - new approaches to an old problem

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1. Professor Brendan Mackey, PhD Director, Griffith Climate Change Response Program, Griffith University email: b.mackey@griffith.edu.au Landscape classification and bioregionalization – new approaches to an old problem
3.  Delineate landscapes with similar conditions that provide for assignment of shared management responses  Extrapolate from sites to landscapes e.g. flux towers  Provide geographic filter for evaluating gaps and prioritising investments  Spatial planning units  Need to understanding species responses in an ecosystem context Why is numeric landscape classification & bio- regionalization useful
4. Why is numeric landscape classification & bio- regionalization useful  HPC & Mass Storage transform “big data” computational capacity  Eliminating need for “one size fits all” classifications  Enabling classification with scientific rigour to test theory  Generating problem-specific classifications  Space/time dimension to all ecological & environmental phenomenon  Hybrid species distribution models
5. CSIRO Land Systems Approach e.g.Wroxham (Wr) Land System: (70 sq. miles) Rolling country on granite with texture-contrast soils; dry scleorphyll forest (E. rossii-E. mannifera) or savannah woodland (E. melliodora),partly cleared. End of “one size fits all” classification
7. Problem-specific classifications Evolutionary Genetic Legacy, e.g. • Taxonomic composition • Taxonomix Richness • Taxonomic endemism Ecosystem Drivers, e.g. • Climate & Atmosphere • Terrain • Substrate • Disturbance regimes Ecosystem Responses, e.g. • Vegetation productivity • Vegetation structure • Vegetation condition Bioregionalisations Conservation Management Monitoring …. (Source: Mackey et al. 2008)
8. Now, more scientific rigor Theoretical framing  Species-energy theory  Source-sink theory  Southport habitat template Select model parameters  Association Metric  Spatial unit of analysis  Variables  Weightings  No. classes Explicit & quantitative results • Group statistics • Inter-group similarity • Statistically-derived class colours • Map and/or new GIS information layer Revise Model Problem specification Revise Question (Source: Mackey et al. 2008)
9. New climatic regionalizations needed continuously! (Source: Mackey et al. 2008)
10. Not all classes are born equal The relationship between the classification classes can be plotted as a dendrogram or as an ordination to aid in their mapping
11. Visualization by NCI Some factors are “fixed” in time Terrain & soil landscapes 150 groups (Source: Mackey et al. 2008)
12. annual mean fPAR Within-year fPAR time series analysis, 2003 Others are temporally dynamic Our interest lays in the change in pattern… (Source: Berry and Mackey 2007, Mackey et al. 2008)
13. fPAR coefficient of variation Within-year fPAR time series analysis, 2003
14. annual minimum fPAR Within-year fPAR time series analysis, 2003
15. Classification of productivity regimes for 2000-2005 based on GPP mean, minimum and standard deviation; 50 classes (Source: Mackey et al. 2008)
16. References Mackey B., Berry S. and Brown T. (2008) Reconciling approaches to biogeographic regionalization: a systematic and generic framework examined with a case study of the Australian continent. Journal of Biogeography 35, 213–229 Berry S. and Mackey B. (2007) Habitat productivity, connectivity and bird conservation in Australia. The State of Australia’s Birds 2007 Supplement to Wingspan 17, 26-28. . Mackey B.G., McKenney D.W., Yang Yin-Qian, McMahon J.P and Hutchinson M.F. (1996) Site regions revisited: a climatic analysis of Hill's site regions for the province of Ontario using a parametric method. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, 333-354. Mackey B.G. (1993) A spatial analysis of the environmental relations of rainforest structure. Journal of Biogeography 20, 303-356. Mackey B.G., Nix H.A., Stein J., Cork E. and Bullen F.T. (1989) Assessing the representativeness of the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Property. Biological Conservation 50, 279-303. Mackey B.G., Nix H.A., Hutchinson M.F., McMahon J.P. and Fleming P.M. (1988) Assessing representativeness of places for conservation reservation and heritage listing. Environmental Management 12, 501-514.