Talking and listening to web pages - jsDay 2015

As web developers, our job is to build nice, fast, and reliable websites, web apps, or web services. But our role isn't limited to this. We have to build these products not only for our ideal users but for a range of people as wide as possible. Today's browsers help us in achieving this goal providing APIs created with this scope in mind. One of these APIs is the Web Speech API that provides speech input and text-to-speech output features in a web browser.

In this talk you'll learn what the Web Speech API is and how it can drastically improve the way users, especially those with disabilities, perform tasks in your web pages.

Transcript

1. TALKING AND LISTENING TO WEB PAGES Aurelio De Rosa Verona, Italy ­ 14 May 2015
2. WEB & APP DEVELOPER CONTRIBUTE(D) TO ... jQuery CanIUse PureCSS PUBLISH(ED) ON ... SitePoint Tuts+ .NET megazine php [architect] megazine Telerik Web & PHP magazine
3. AUTHORED BOOKS JQUERY IN ACTION (3RD EDITION) INSTANT JQUERY SELECTORS (Shameless self­promotion!)
5. WHAT WE'LL COVER Natural language processing (NLP) Why it matters The Web Speech API Speech recognition Speech synthesis Issues and inconsistencies Demo
6. NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP) A field of computer science, artificial intelligence, and linguistics concerned with the interactions between computers and human (natural) languages.
7. NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP) It all started in 1950 when Alan Turing published an article titled “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” where he proposed what is now called the Turing test.
9. IT'S NOT ALL ABOUT TEXT
10. ONCE UPON A TIME...
11. VOICEXML It's an XML language for writing Web pages you interact with by listening to spoken prompts and other forms of audio that you can control by providing spoken inputs. Specifications: http://www.w3.org/TR/voicexml30/
12. VOICEXML: EXAMPLE <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO‐8859‐1"?> <vxml version="3.0" lang="en"> <form> <field name="city"> <prompt>Where do you want to travel to?</prompt> <option>New York</option> <option>London</option> <option>Tokyo</option> </field> <block> <submit next="http://www.test.com" namelist="city"/> </block> </form> </vxml>
13. JAVA APPLET It's an application written in Java and delivered to users in the form of bytecode through a web page. The applet is then executed within a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) in a process separated from the browser itself.
14. WHY I CARE
15. WHY YOU SHOULD CARE A step ahead to fill the gap with native apps Improve user experience Feature needed by some applications such as navigators Help people with disabilities
16. “DEMO IT OR IT DIDN'T HAPPEN”™ Register to our website Name: Surname: Nationality: Start This demo can be found at https://jsbin.com/faguji/watch?output
18. WEB SPEECH API The Web Speech API allows you to deal with two aspects of the computer­human interaction: Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Text­to­Speech (TTS). Specifications: https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/speech­api/raw­file/tip/webspeechapi.html
19. WEB SPEECH API Introduced at the end of 2012 Defines two interfaces: one for recognition and one for synthesis Requires the permission before acquiring audio Agnostic of the underlying technology
20. SPEECH RECOGNITION There are two types of recognition available: one­shot and continuous. The first stops as soon as the user stops talking, the second must be stopped programmatically. To instantiate a new speech recognizer you have to call SpeechRecognition(): var recognizer = new SpeechRecognition();
21. SPEECH RECOGNITION: BROWSERS SUPPORT Explorer Chrome Safari Firefox Opera None 25+ (­webkit) None None None Data updated to 8th May 2015
22. SPEECH RECOGNITION: PROPERTIES continuous grammars* interimResults lang maxAlternatives serviceURI** *Up to Chrome 42 adding a grammar to the grammars property does nothing. This happens because The group is currently discussing options for which grammar formats should be supported, how builtin grammar types are specified, and default grammars when not specified. **serviceURI isn't exposed by any browser.
23. SPEECH RECOGNITION: METHODS start() stop() abort()
24. SPEECH RECOGNITION: EVENTS start end* audiostart audioend soundstart soundend speechstart speechend result nomatch error *Up to Chrome 42 on Windows 8.1 doesn't fire the result or the error event before the end event when only noises are produced (issue ). #428873
25. “IT'S SHOWTIME!” Start Stop This demo can be found at https://jsbin.com/zesew/watch?output
26. SPEECH RECOGNITION: RESULTS Results are obtained as an object (that implements the SpeechRecognitionEvent interface) passed as the first argument of the handler attached to the result event.
27. PROBLEM: SOMETIMES RECOGNITION SUCKS! Imagine a user of your website or web app says a command but the recognizer returns the wrong string. Your system is good and it asks the user to repeat it, but the recognition fails again. How can you get out of this loop?
28. (IDEAL) SOLUTION: GRAMMARS
29. SOLUTION: LEVENSHTEIN DISTANCE An approach that isn't ideal but that you can use today.
30. LEVENSHTEIN DISTANCE: EXAMPLE Commands available: "Send email", "Call" Names in the phonebook: "Aurelio De Rosa", "Annarita Tranfici", "John Doe" Recognized text: Updated text: Start This demo can be found at https://jsbin.com/tevogu/watch?output
32. SPEECH SYNTHESIS Provides text­to­speech functionality in the browser. This is especially useful for blind people and those with visual impairments in general. The feature is exposed via a speechSynthesis object that possess static methods.
33. SPEECH SYNTHESIS: BROWSERS SUPPORT Explorer Chrome Safari Firefox Opera None 33+ 7+ None 27+ Data updated to 8th May 2015
34. SPEECH SYNTHESIS: PROPERTIES pending speaking paused* ** *Up to Chrome 42, pausing the utterance doesn't reflect in a change of the pause property (issue ) #425553 **In Opera 27 pausing the utterance reflect in an erroneous, reversed change of the pause property (issue #DNA­37487)
35. SPEECH SYNTHESIS: METHODS speak()* cancel() pause() resume() getVoices() *Up to Chrome 42, speak() doesn't support SSML and doesn't strip unrecognized tags (issue ). #428902
36. SPEECH SYNTHESIS: VOICES
37. SPEECH SYNTHESIS: EVENTS voicechanged
38. SPEECH SYNTHESIS: UTTERANCE INTERFACE The SpeechSynthesisUtterance interface represents the utterance (i.e. the text) that will be spoken by the synthesizer.
39. SPEECH SYNTHESIS: UTTERANCE PROPERTIES lang pitch* rate* text** voice volume* *Up to Chrome 42, changing the pitch, the volume, and the rate properties does nothing (issue ) #376280 **Up to Chrome 42, the text property can't be set to an SSML (Speech Synthesis Markup Language) document because it isn't supported and Chrome doesn't strip the unrecognized tags (issue ). #428902
40. SPEECH SYNTHESIS: UTTERANCE EVENTS start end pause resume boundary* mark* error boundary and mark are not supported by any browser because they are fired by the interaction with SSML documents.
41. SHOW ME TEH CODEZ To set the text to emit, we can either pass it when instantiating an utterance object or set it later using the text property.
42. EXAMPLE 1 var utterance = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance('Hello!'); utterance.lang = 'en‐US'; utterance.rate = 1.2; utterance.addEventListener('end', function() { console.log('Speech completed'); }); speechSynthesis.speak(utterance);
43. EXAMPLE 2 var utterance = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(); utterance.text = 'Hello!'; utterance.lang = 'en‐US'; utterance.rate = 1.2; utterance.addEventListener('end', function() { console.log('Speech completed'); }); speechSynthesis.speak(utterance);
44. SPEECH SYNTHESIS: DEMO IT MAN! I know my voice isn't very sexy, but I still want to say that this conference is wonderful and the audience of my talk is even better. You all rock! This demo can be found at https://jsbin.com/cipepa/watch?output
45. HOW I DID IT
46. INTERACTIVE FORM: RECIPE Promises (to avoid the callback hell) Speech recognition Speech synthesis The actual code is a bit different but I made the changes for the sake of brevity and the limited size of the screen.
47. INTERACTIVE FORM: STEP 1 - HTML <form id="form"> <label for="name" data‐question="What's your name?">Name:</label> <input id="name" /> <label for="surname" data‐question="What's your surname?">Surname:</label> <input id="surname" /> <!‐‐ Other label/element pairs here ‐‐> <input id="btn‐voice" type="submit" value="Start" /> </form>
48. INTERACTIVE FORM: STEP 2 - SUPPORT LIBRARY Create a Speech object containing two methods: speak and recognize that return a Promise. var Speech = { speak: function(text) { return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {...} }, recognize: function() { return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {...} } }
49. INTERACTIVE FORM: STEP 3 - JS 1/2 function formData(promise, label) { return promise.then(function() { return Speech.speak( label.dataset.question ); }).then(function() { return Speech.recognize().then(function(text) { document.getElementById( label.getAttribute('for') ).value = text; }) }); }
50. INTERACTIVE FORM: STEP 3 - JS 2/2 button.addEventListener('click', function(event) { var fieldLabels = document.querySelectorAll('label'); var promise = new Promise(function(resolve) { resolve(); }); function formData(label) { /* code here */ } for(var i = 0; i < fieldLabels.length; i++) { promise = formData(promise, fieldLabels[i]); } promise.then(function() { return Speech.speak('Thank you for filling...'); }).catch(function(error) { alert(error); }); });
51. DICTATION: RECIPE Speech recognition The actual code is a bit different but I made the changes for the sake of brevity and the limited size of the screen.
52. DICTATION: STEP 1 - HTML <div id="transcription" contenteditable="true"></div> <button id="btn‐start">Start</button> <button id="btn‐stop">Stop</button>
53. DICTATION: STEP 2 - JS 1/3 var recognizer = new SpeechRecognition(); recognizer.interimResults = true; recognizer.continuous = true; var transcr = document.getElementById('transcription'); var currTranscr = document.createElement('span'); currTranscr.id = 'current‐transcription';
54. DICTATION: STEP 2 - JS 2/3 recognizer.addEventListener('result', function(event){ currTranscr.textContent = ''; var i = event.resultIndex; while (i < event.results.length) { var result = event.results[i++]; if (result.isFinal) { transcr.removeChild(currTranscr); transcr.textContent += result[0].transcript; transcr.appendChild(currTranscr); } else { currTranscr.textContent += result[0].transcript; } } });
55. DICTATION: STEP 2 - JS 3/3 var btnStart = document.getElementById('btn‐start'); btnStart.addEventListener('click', function() { transcr.textContent = ''; transcr.appendChild(currTranscr); recognizer.start(); }); var btnStop = document.getElementById('btn‐stop'); btnStop.addEventListener('click', function() { recognizer.stop(); });
56. ONE LAST DEMO... Video courtesy of Szymon Nowak ( ): @szimek https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R8ejjVAZweg
57. THANK YOU!
58. QUESTIONS?
59. CONTACTS Website: Email: Twitter: www.audero.it a.derosa@audero.it @AurelioDeRosa