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Ruby 4.0: To Infinity and Beyond (RailsIsrael 2016)

Ruby 4.0: To Infinity and Beyond (RailsIsrael 2016)

Slide deck from my Ruby 4.0 presentation at RailsIsrael 2016.

Bozhidar Batsov

November 14, 2016
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Transcript

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  2. םוֹלָׁש

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  3. Божидар

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  5. Bozhidar

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  6. Bozho
    cool

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  7. Bozo
    not cool

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  8. Bug
    cool

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  11. bbatsov

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  21. Ruby 4.0:
    To INFINITY
    and Beyound
    by Bozhidar Batsov

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  22. View Slide

  23. Not on Ruby’s Core
    Team

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  24. –Matz
    “We’ll aim to release Ruby 3 for the Olympic
    Games in Tokyo in 2020.”

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  25. Ruby is now mature

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  26. Build the things your
    users need, instead of
    the things they want.

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  27. View Slide

  28. The track record
    of
    recent Ruby innovation

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  29. Ruby != MRI

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  30. 3.times do
    puts "Ruby Rocks!"
    end

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  31. Ruby 2.0

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  32. • keyword arguments
    • %i
    • UTF-8 is now the default source file encoding
    • Refinements (experimental feature)

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  33. Ruby 2.1

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  34. • Rational/Complex Literal
    • defs return value
    • Refinements are no longer experimental
    feature

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  35. Ruby 2.2

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  36. Nada

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  37. Ruby 2.3

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  38. • frozen string literals pragma
    • safe navigation operator (&.)

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  39. Ruby 2.4

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  40. • Unify Fixnum and Bignum into Integer
    • Support Unicode case mappings

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  41. Java innovates
    more!

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  42. What about Ruby 3.0?

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  43. Little is known about
    it…

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  44. Optional static
    typing?
    rejected

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  45. Duck inference?

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  46. Better support for
    concurrent & parallel
    programming

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  48. 3 times faster
    performance?

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  49. Getting rid of some
    quirky features?

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  50. We’re not going to
    repeat the Python 3
    mistakes!
    — Matz

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  51. And what about the
    Perl 6 mistakes?
    — Bozhidar

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  52. Ruby 4.0

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  53. Codename Buzz

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  54. Ruby 4x4

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  55. Ruby 4 is going to be 4
    times faster than Ruby
    3

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  56. Ruby 4 is going to be
    12 times faster than
    Ruby 2

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  57. Ruby 4 is finally going
    to be fast enough!

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  58. Ruby 4.0,
    the language

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  59. Ruby 4.0,
    the language
    (and maybe
    the Standard Library)

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  60. Design principle #1

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  61. Continue to optimize
    for happiness

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  62. Add some useful new
    features

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  63. Immutable data
    structures

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  64. vector

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  65. v = @[1, 2, 3]

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  66. immutable hash

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  67. m = @{one: 1, two: 2}

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  68. immutable set

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  69. s = @${1, 2, 3}

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  70. s = ${1, 2, 3}

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  71. Static typing and
    runtime contracts

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  72. Inspired by RDL

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  73. type '(Fixnum, Fixnum) -> String'
    def m(x, y) ... end

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  74. pre { |x| x > 0 }
    post { |r,x| r > 0 }
    def sqrt(x)
    # return the square root of x
    end

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  75. type '(Float x {{ x>=0 }}) -> Float y
    {{ y>=0 }}'
    def sqrt(x)
    # return the square root of x
    end

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  76. Better concurrency
    APIs

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  77. Inspired by
    concurrent-ruby

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  78. CSP

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  79. messages = Concurrent::Channel.new
    Concurrent::Channel.go do
    messages.put 'ping'
    end
    msg = messages.take
    puts msg

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  80. def sum(a, c)
    sum = a.reduce(0, &:+)
    c << sum # `<<` is an alias for `put` or `send`
    end
    a = [7, 2, 8, -9, 4, 0]
    l = a.length / 2
    c = Concurrent::Channel.new
    Concurrent::Channel.go { sum(a[-l, l], c) }
    Concurrent::Channel.go { sum(a[0, l], c) }
    x, y = ~c, ~c # `~` is an alias for `take` or `receive`
    puts [x, y, x+y].join(' ')

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  81. Design principle #2

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  82. Simplicity

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  83. Simplicity is the
    ultimate
    sophistication.

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  84. Less is more

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  85. Simplicity
    leads to
    happiness.

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  86. Let’s drop some stuff

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  87. Let’s drop some
    useless
    stuff

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  88. for loops

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  89. for name in names
    puts name
    end

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  90. names.each do |name|
    puts name
    end

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  91. BEGIN & END

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  92. END {
    puts 'Bye!'
    }
    puts 'Processing...'
    BEGIN {
    puts 'Starting...'
    }

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  93. puts 'Bye!'
    puts 'Starting...'
    puts 'Processing...'

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  94. Kernel#at_exit,
    anyone?

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  95. flip-flops

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  96. DATA.each_line do |line|
    print(line) if (line =~ /begin/)..(line =~ /end/)
    end

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  97. block comments

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  98. =begin
    comment line
    another comment line
    =end

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  99. Must be placed at the
    very beginning of a line

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  100. class SomeClass
    =begin
    This is a top comment.
    Or is it?
    =end
    def some_method
    end
    end

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  101. class SomeClass
    =begin
    This is a top comment.
    Or is it?
    =end
    def some_method
    end
    end

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  102. Character literals

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  103. pry(main)> ?a
    => "a"

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  104. Let’s drop some
    redundant
    stuff

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  105. There’s more than
    one way to do it

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  106. (There are way too
    many ways to do it)

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  107. core library method
    aliases

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  108. collect => map
    inject => reduce
    detect => find
    select => find_all
    sprintf => format
    length => size
    raise => fail

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  109. Where is filter?

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  110. map
    reduce
    find
    filter
    format
    length
    raise

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  111. procs

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  112. No arity check

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  113. Non-local return

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  114. Do we really need
    them?

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  115. So many languages are
    getting by just fine
    with only lambdas…

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  117. Single-quoted string
    literals

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  119. A ton of obscure %-
    something literals

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  120. %s, %x, %w, %W,
    %r, %q, %Q, %, %i

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  121. So excited to be here!

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  122. puts "Hello, Tel Aviv!"
    puts "Hello, Tel Aviv!"
    puts "Hello, Tel Aviv!"

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  123. for i in 1..3
    puts "Hello, Tel Aviv!"
    end

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  124. 3.times do
    puts "Hello, Tel Aviv!"
    end

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  125. 3.times do
    puts %(Hello, Tel Aviv!)
    end

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  126. 3.times do
    puts %Q(Hello, Tel Aviv!)
    end

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  127. 3.times do
    puts 'Hello, Tel Aviv!'
    end

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  128. 3.times do
    puts %q(Hello, Tel Aviv!)
    end

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  131. Are all those options
    worth our while?

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  133. Let’s fix some stuff!

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  134. and & or have the
    same precedence

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  135. So many nils floating
    around

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  136. pry(main)> "TOP".upcase
    => "TOP"
    pry(main)> "TOP".upcase!
    => nil

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  137. Mutable strings

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  138. Even JavaScript got
    this right…

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  139. Reassignable
    constants

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  140. pry(main)> A = 5
    => 5
    pry(main)> A = 6
    (pry):39: warning: already initialized constant A
    (pry):38: warning: previous definition of A was here
    => 6
    pry(main)> Class = 3
    (pry):40: warning: already initialized constant Class
    => 3
    pry(main)> Class
    => 3

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  141. Class variables

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  142. class Parent
    @@class_var = 'parent'
    def self.print_class_var
    puts @@class_var
    end
    end
    class Child < Parent
    @@class_var = 'child'
    end
    Parent.print_class_var # => will print "child"

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  143. Poorly named
    methods

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  144. Kernel#puts

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  145. Kernel#println,
    anyone?

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  146. Kernel#print

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  147. defined?

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  148. [1] pry(main)> defined? 10
    => "expression"
    [2] pry(main)> defined? Test
    => nil
    [3] pry(main)> defined? TrueClass
    => "constant"

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  149. Enumerable#include?

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  150. Enumerable#includes?

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  151. Kernel#%

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  152. '%d %d' % [20, 10]

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  153. sprintf('%d %d', 20, 10)

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  154. sprintf(
    '%{first} %{second}',
    first: 20, second: 10
    )

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  155. format('%{first} %{second}',
    first: 20, second: 10)

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  156. In what universe would
    you prefer Kernel#%
    over Kernel#format???

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  157. Perl-style global
    variables

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  158. $:

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  159. $LOAD_PATH

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  160. $;

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  161. $FIELD_SEPARATOR

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  162. $*

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  163. $ARGV

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  164. JRuby defines the
    English aliases by
    default

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  165. Ruby 4.0 will do this
    as well!

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  166. WTF? Global
    variables?

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  167. Even Java doesn’t
    have globals…

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  168. The future of the
    standard library

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  169. The Ruby Stdlib is a
    Ghetto
    http://www.mikeperham.com/2010/11/22/the-ruby-stdlib-
    is-a-ghetto/

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  170. A ton of legacy code
    (often last updated
    2000-2003)

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  171. Horrible APIs

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  172. net/http anyone?

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  173. 1. Move the important
    bits to the Core Library

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  174. 2. Remove everything
    outdated/obscure

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  175. 3. Leverage modern
    Ruby feature in the
    Standard Library

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  176. Epilogue

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  177. When will Ruby 4 be
    released?

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  178. Ruby 4.0 will likely
    never happen

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  180. Ruby 4.0 is already
    here!

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  181. Crystal

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  182. Clojure

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  183. Elixir

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  184. Scala

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  185. –William Gibson
    “Тhe future is already here it's just not
    evenly distributed.”

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  186. Felina

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  187. Epilogue
    twitter: @bbatsov
    github: @bbatsov
    http//batsov.com
    http://emacsredux.com
    RailsIsrael 2016
    Tel Aviv,
    Israel
    14.11.2016

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