DNA Computing

A brief introduction to DNA Computers

Transcript

1. DNA Computing Presented by: Behdad Keynejad
2. Overview Part 1: I hate history lessons: A brief history of computers. Part 2: I also hate biology: What is DNA? Part 3: DNA computers: Honestly, what is a DNA computer?
3. Part 1: I hate history lessons A brief history of computers Or: “Can I play Call of Duty with an abacus?”
4. A Brief History of Computers The very first computers didn’t have anything to do with electronic devices.
5. Non-Electronic Computers Back in early 1800’s: Computers were like this: You see? It’s a loom*. It can’t be used to browse web. Jacquard loom A programmable loom *: A loom is a device used to weave cloth.
6. Electro-mechanical Computers Early 1900’s: You might had to wait a week for your code to be compiled. There were a few of these computers back then! Computers were big, slow and expensive.
7. Electronic Computers Back in 1950’s electronic computers were invented. First, using vacuum tubes. Still not able to play Call of Duty with them. [sigh]
8. Just a Little Off-topic “Computers in the future may weigh no more than 1.5 tons.“ Popular Mechanics (1949) Close enough!
9. Modern-day Computers Time passed by and by and IC’s came to existence. Computers were smaller and faster thanks to IC.
10. Wait a Minute: Moore’s Law Special thanks to Mr. Gordon Moore for making this boring speech much shorter.
11. Moore’s Law Moore's law is the observation that over the history of computing hardware, the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles approximately every two years. * *: Taken from Wikipedia
12. I Didn’t Understand… What? Given Moore’s law, size of each transistor in an IC must be halved every two years. This cannot last forever. So: “Stop doing the same job everyday and be innovative.”
13. End of an Era It’s predicted that silicon-based technologies will not survive past 2015 Not far, huh?
14. Possible Solutions − Non-silicon technologies: − Optical computers − Quantum computers − Biological computers I have no idea what those might be!
15. Part 2: I also hate biology What is DNA? Or: “DNA? Computers? راد بیش?!”
16. What DNA Stands for? Deoxyribonucleic Acid Why didn’t they call it “DA”?
17. So, What is DNA? DNA is a big big molecule which contains genetic code of organisms. It tells the cell what to do.
18. What is DNA Made of? DNA is made of four types of nucleotide: • Adenine (A) • Thymine (T) • Cytosine (C) • Guanine (G)
19. So what?! “A” makes a bond with “T”. “C” does with “G”. How a programmer sees that: !A = T !C = G It’s even better than 0/1 computers!
20. Part 3: DNA computers Honestly, what is a DNA computer? Or: “I don’t care about all this DNA crap. Can I play Call of Duty with it or not?”
21. Where it All Began? Late 1950’s, Richard Feynman published his famous paper about “sub- microscopic” computers.
22. When it Came to Reality? With Leonard Adleman’s experiment in 1994: He solved the “Hamiltonian Path” problem using existing DNA manipulation techniques.
23. So, Now, What Is a DNA Computer? A DNA computer is basically a collection of specially selected DNA strands* whose combinations will result in the solution to some problem. *: an A-T or C-G bond
24. Ok, Why Using a DNA One Instead of a Normal One? • Speed • 1014 operations per second • As fast as current supercomputers! • Energy Efficiency • 2 x 1019 operations per joule. • 109 times less than silicon computers! • Memory • 1 bit per cubic nanometer • 1012 times more than a videotape!
25. What Makes it this Fast? A test tube contains approximately 3 billions of DNA strands. An enzyme (an operator) can simultaneously act on all strands. So, DNA computing is more of parallel computing.
26. Operations on DNA Strands • Synthesis • Mixing • Annealing • Melting • Amplifying (copying) • Separating • Extracting • Cutting • Ligating • Substituting • Marking • Destroying • Detecting & Reading
27. That’s All?! Going through all those would be boring. So we simply skip it!
28. Future of DNA Computers - When they’ll be available in my local computer store? - Maybe a few decades later. - What about Call of Duty? - You can still play it in your old- fashioned silicon computer.
29. Well, That’s It :) Special thanks to: Dr. Bahram Vazirnezhad
30. This presentation is also available here: https://speakerdeck.com/behdadk
31. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_Engine http://www.cs.northwestern.edu/~agupta/talks.html sit.iitkgp.ernet.in/research/aut05seminar2/report6.doc http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's_law http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Adleman