Tech Lunch : Terminal

Small talk about Terminal @CleverAgeNorthAmerica

Transcript

1. Tech Lunch : Terminal 21/08/2019 Benjamin Digeon Clever Age North America 1 / 31
2. Human Computer Interaction A little bit of history 2 / 31
3. Inputs / Outputs How to pass data and/or commands to a machine ? How to receive information from a machine ? 3 / 31
4. Punched card 4 / 31
5. Punched card Invented in 1725 for the control of a loom. 4 / 31
6. Punched card Invented in 1725 for the control of a loom. Then used for playing back performances on a harmonium in 1881. 4 / 31
7. Punched card Invented in 1725 for the control of a loom. Then used for playing back performances on a harmonium in 1881. Herman Hollerith invented a electromechanical punched card tabulator used in the 1890 United States Census. 4 / 31
8. Punched card Invented in 1725 for the control of a loom. Then used for playing back performances on a harmonium in 1881. Herman Hollerith invented a electromechanical punched card tabulator used in the 1890 United States Census. His company was later amalgamated with others then renamed in 1924 the International Business Machines Corporation. 4 / 31
9. Teleprinter (TTY) 5 / 31
10. Teleprinter (TTY) Used to replace the morse code, rst implementation in 1844. 5 / 31
11. Teleprinter (TTY) Used to replace the morse code, rst implementation in 1844. A complex character encoding scheme design for machines. 5 / 31
12. Teleprinter (TTY) Used to replace the morse code, rst implementation in 1844. A complex character encoding scheme design for machines. One person who knows how to use a keyboard can replace 2 trained Morse code operators. 5 / 31
13. Teleprinter (TTY) Used to replace the morse code, rst implementation in 1844. A complex character encoding scheme design for machines. One person who knows how to use a keyboard can replace 2 trained Morse code operators. Also works when no operator is present for the reception. 5 / 31
14. Keyboard, Monitor and Mouse When the CRT screens become available migration from TTY to screen + keyboard Then when graphical interface arrive add the mouse (apple) 6 / 31
15. UNIX UNIX is very simple, it just needs a genius to understand its simplicity. Dennis Ritchie 7 / 31
16. OpenServer 6.x UnixWare 7.x (System V R5) HP-UX 11i+ 1969 1971 to 1973 1974 to 1975 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 to 2004 2006 to 2007 2008 2005 2009 2010 2011 2012 to 2015 2016 2017 Open source Mixed/shared source Closed source HP-UX 1.0 to 1.2 OpenSolaris & derivatives (illumos, etc.) System III System V R1 to R2 OpenServer 5.0.5 to 5.0.7 OpenServer 5.0 to 5.04 SCO UNIX 3.2.4 SCO Xenix V/386 SCO Xenix V/386 SCO Xenix V/286 SCO Xenix Xenix 3.0 Xenix 1.0 to 2.3 PWB/Unix AIX 1.0 AIX 3.0-7.2 OpenBSD 2.3-6.1 OpenBSD 1.0 to 2.2 SunOS 1.2 to 3.0 SunOS 1 to 1.1 Unix/32V Unix Version 1 to 4 Unix Version 5 to 6 Unix Version 7 Unnamed PDP-7 operating system BSD 1.0 to 2.0 BSD 3.0 to 4.1 BSD 4.2 Unix Version 8 Unix 9 and 10 (last versions from Bell Labs) NexTSTEP/ OPENSTEP 1.0 to 4.0 Mac OS X Server Mac OS X, OS X, macOS 10.0 to 10.12 (Darwin 1.2.1 to 17) Minix 1.x Minix 2.x Minix 3.1.0-3.4.0 Linux 2.x Linux 0.95 to 1.2.x Linux 0.0.1 BSD 4.4-Lite & Lite Release 2 NetBSD 0.8 to 1.0 NetBSD 1.1 to 1.2 NetBSD 1.3 NetBSD 1.3-7.1 FreeBSD 1.0 to 2.2.x 386BSD BSD Net/2 Solaris 10 Solaris 11.0-11.3 System V R4 Solaris 2.1 to 9 BSD 4.3 SunOS 4 HP-UX 2.0 to 3.0 HP-UX 6 to 11 System V R3 UnixWare 1.x to 2.x (System V R4.2) BSD 4.3 Tahoe BSD 4.3 Reno FreeBSD 3.0 to 3.2 FreeBSD 3.3-11.x Linux 3.x Linux 4.x OpenServer 10.x 1969 1971 to 1973 1974 to 1975 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 to 2004 2006 to 2007 2008 2005 2009 2010 2011 2012 to 2015 2016 2017 DragonFly BSD 1.0 to 4.8 BSD Net/1 Unix-like systems 8 / 31
17. Architecture Kernel Development environment Commands Documentation And later a graphical interface 9 / 31
18. Architecture Commands Documentation 9 / 31
19. Everything is a file Documents Directories Hard-drives Modems Keyboards Printers Process Network communications 10 / 31
20. Processes Each process have : PID User Command 11 / 31
21. Users Multi-user system A special user named root who is the administrator and have every rights 12 / 31
22. Permissions Each " le" has an owner, a group and some basics ACL More details in examples 13 / 31
23. Terminal 101 14 / 31
24. MacOS default Terminal
25. 15 / 31
26. iTerm 16 / 31
27. RTFM man man 17 / 31
28. Special characters . # the current working directory .. # the parent directory to working directory ~ # your home directory / # the root (top-level) directory. # This is also the separator for directories * # a wildcard meaning any string of characters ? # a wildcard meaning any single character 18 / 31
29. Some commands Most commands support autocompletion with ↹ ls # List files in this directory pwd # Where am i ? cd # Change directory file filename.ext # What is this file ? touch filename # Create a file mkdir directory # Create a directory clear # Clear the screen (ctrl+l) cp file1 file2 # Copy mv file ~/tmp/ # Move rm file # Remove rmdir directory # Remove empty directory 19 / 31
30. More commands cat # Read file more # Read file ++ less # Read file +++ tail # Read end lines head # Read first lines wc # Count 20 / 31
31. Permision chmod # Change file modes or ACL chown # Change file owner and group 21 / 31
32. Interrupt keys ctrl C : interrupts whatever is currently running. ctrl Z : puts a foreground process into the background. ctrl S : suspends current terminal ctrl Q : resumes current terminal 22 / 31
33. Input and ouputs Text terminal Keyboard Process #0 stdin Display #1 stdout #2 stderr cat 'doesnotexist.txt' 2>/dev/null 23 / 31
34. Output codes A program has always an exit code 0 if success 1 to 255 anything else Read the manual for each program cat file.txt echo $? cat doesnotexist.txt echo $? 24 / 31
35. Redirecting echo 'toto' > file.txt # Redirects echo 'toto' >> file.txt # Append more < terminal.md # Take input command1 | command2 # Pipe stdout to stdin 25 / 31
36. Piping 26 / 31
37. Processes ps # Display processes status top # See information about processes htop # Top +++ 27 / 31
38. Signals 3 QUIT (quit) 6 ABRT (abort) 9 KILL (non-catchable, non-ignorable kill) kill -9 badProcessPID 28 / 31
39. Xargs # When testing always use xargs -t echo 'one two three' | xargs mkdir find /tmp -mtime +14 | xargs rm 29 / 31
40. Thank you ! 30 / 31
41. Questions ? 31 / 31