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Evolution of the Netflix API - QCon SF 2013

Evolution of the Netflix API - QCon SF 2013

Netflix streaming has been growing tremendously, now reaching more than 40M subscribers in over 40 countries. These subscribers are enjoying Netflix on more than 1,000 different device types, ranging from game consoles to set-top boxes, TVs and mobile devices. This is all made possible by a complex service-oriented architecture that handles billions of requests a day from those devices. At the center of that architecture is the Netflix API, which is the front door to the entire system.

This presentation will describe how the Netflix API evolved from a typical one-size-fits-all RESTful API designed to support public developers into a web service platform optimized to handle the diversity and variability of each device and user experience. The presentation will also address the challenges involving operations, deployment, performance, fault-tolerance, and rate of innovation at massive scale.

Presented at QCon SF 2013: http://www.infoq.com/presentations/netflix-api-evolution

Ben Christensen

November 11, 2013
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  1. Evolution of the Netflix API
    Ben Christensen
    Software Engineer – Edge & Playback Services at Netflix
    @benjchristensen
    !
    !
    !
    !
    http://techblog.netflix.com/
    QCon San Francisco - November 2013

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  2. View Slide

  3. More than 40 million Subscribers
    in 50+ Countries and Territories

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  4. Netflix accounts for 33% of Peak Downstream
    Internet Traffic in North America
    Netflix subscribers are watching
    more than 1 billion hours a month

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  5. API traffic has grown from
    ~20 million/day in 2010 to >2 billion/day
    0
    500
    1000
    1500
    2000
    2010 2011 2012 Today
    millions of API requests per day

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  6. Discovery Streaming

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  7. Netflix API Streaming

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  9. At the start …
    0
    500
    1000
    1500
    2000
    2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Today
    millions of API requests per day

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  10. 2008 API Launch
    Targeted 100% at External Developers
    Open API Netflix Devices

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  11. 2008 API Launch
    Targeted 100% at External Developers
    Purpose
    A “Thousand Flowers” of
    3rd party innovation
    !
    Audience
    External Developers

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  12. Oracle
    Pre-Cloud Architecture
    API
    Service Service Service Service

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  13. 0
    500
    1000
    1500
    2000
    2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Today
    In 2011 …
    millions of API requests per day

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  14. 99.9% Netflix Devices
    Open API Netflix Devices

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  15. Targeted at Internal Developers
    Open API Netflix Devices

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  16. Targeted at Internal Developers
    Purpose
    Enable Netflix Experience
    !
    Audience
    Netflix Device and UI Teams

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  17. Scale & Resilience
    !
    Performance & Innovation

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  18. Scale & Resilience
    !
    Performance & Innovation

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  19. Netflix API
    Dependency A
    Dependency D
    Dependency G
    Dependency J
    Dependency M
    Dependency P
    Dependency B
    Dependency E
    Dependency H
    Dependency K
    Dependency N
    Dependency Q
    Dependency C
    Dependency F
    Dependency I
    Dependency L
    Dependency O
    Dependency R

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  20. Netflix API
    Dependency A
    Dependency D
    Dependency G
    Dependency J
    Dependency M
    Dependency P
    Dependency B
    Dependency E
    Dependency H
    Dependency K
    Dependency N
    Dependency Q
    Dependency C
    Dependency F
    Dependency I
    Dependency L
    Dependency O
    Dependency R

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  21. View Slide

  22. View Slide

  23. View Slide

  24. View Slide

  25. AWS
    Availability Zone
    AWS
    Availability Zone
    AWS
    Availability Zone

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  26. View Slide

  27. View Slide

  28. View Slide

  29. View Slide

  30. User Request
    Dependency A
    Dependency D
    Dependency G
    Dependency J
    Dependency M
    Dependency P
    Dependency B
    Dependency E
    Dependency H
    Dependency K
    Dependency N
    Dependency Q
    Dependency C
    Dependency F
    Dependency I
    Dependency L
    Dependency O
    Dependency R

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  31. User Request
    Dependency A
    Dependency D
    Dependency G
    Dependency J
    Dependency M
    Dependency P
    Dependency B
    Dependency E
    Dependency H
    Dependency K
    Dependency N
    Dependency Q
    Dependency C
    Dependency F
    Dependency I
    Dependency L
    Dependency O
    Dependency R
    User request
    blocked by
    latency in
    single
    network call

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  32. At high
    volume
    all request
    threads can
    block in
    seconds
    User Request
    Dependency A
    Dependency D
    Dependency G
    Dependency J
    Dependency M
    Dependency P
    Dependency B
    Dependency E
    Dependency H
    Dependency K
    Dependency N
    Dependency Q
    Dependency C
    Dependency F
    Dependency I
    Dependency L
    Dependency O
    Dependency R
    User Request
    User Request
    User Request
    User Request
    User Request
    User Request
    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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  33. !
    Dozens of dependencies.
    !
    One going bad takes everything down.
    !
    99.99%30 = 99.7% uptime
    !
    0.3% of 1 billion = 3,000,000 failures
    !
    2+ hours downtime/month
    !
    !
    !
    Reality is generally worse.

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  34. CONSTRAINTS
    Speed of Iteration
    !
    Client Libraries
    !
    Mixed Environment

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  35. CONSTRAINTS
    Speed of Iteration
    !
    Client Libraries
    !
    Mixed Environment

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  36. CONSTRAINTS
    Speed of Iteration
    !
    Client Libraries
    !
    Mixed Environment

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  37. CONSTRAINTS
    Speed of Iteration
    !
    Client Libraries
    !
    Mixed Environment

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  38. User Request
    Dependency A
    Dependency D
    Dependency G
    Dependency J
    Dependency M
    Dependency P
    Dependency B
    Dependency E
    Dependency H
    Dependency K
    Dependency N
    Dependency Q
    Dependency C
    Dependency F
    Dependency I
    Dependency L
    Dependency O
    Dependency R
    User Request
    User Request
    User Request
    User Request
    User Request
    User Request
    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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  39. cy D
    dency G
    ependency J
    Dependency M
    Dependency B
    Dependency E
    Dependency H
    Dependency K
    Dependency N
    Dependency C
    Dependency F
    Dependency I
    Dependency L
    Dependency O
    User Request
    User Request
    User Request
    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    Network Request - TCP/HTTP, latency, 4xx, 5xx, etc
    Deserialization - JSON/XML/Thrift/Protobuf/etc
    Logic - argument validation, caches, metrics, logging,
    multivariate testing, routing, etc
    Serialization - URL and/or body generation
    Logic - validation, decoration, object model, caching,
    metrics, logging, etc

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  40. "Timeout guard" daemon prio=10 tid=0x00002aaacd5e5000 nid=0x3aac runnable [0x00002aaac388f000] java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE!
    at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method)!
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:339)!
    - locked <0x000000055c7e8bd8> (a java.net.SocksSocketImpl)!
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:200)!
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:182)!
    at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:391)!
    at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:579)!
    at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:528)!
    at java.net.Socket.(Socket.java:425)!
    at java.net.Socket.(Socket.java:280)!
    at org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.DefaultProtocolSocketFactory.createSocket(DefaultProtocolSocketFactory.java:80)!
    at org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.ControllerThreadSocketFactory$1.doit(ControllerThreadSocketFactory.java:91)!
    at org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.ControllerThreadSocketFactory$SocketTask.run(ControllerThreadSocketFactory.java:158) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
    [Sat Jun 30 04:01:37 2012] [error] proxy: HTTP: disabled connection for (127.0.0.1)
    > 80% of requests rejected
    Median
    Latency

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  41. User Request
    Dependency A
    Dependency D
    Dependency G
    Dependency J
    Dependency M
    Dependency P
    Dependency B
    Dependency E
    Dependency H
    Dependency K
    Dependency N
    Dependency Q
    Dependency C
    Dependency F
    Dependency I
    Dependency L
    Dependency O
    Dependency R

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  42. User Request
    Dependency A
    Dependency D
    Dependency G
    Dependency J
    Dependency M
    Dependency P
    Dependency B
    Dependency E
    Dependency H
    Dependency K
    Dependency N
    Dependency Q
    Dependency C
    Dependency F
    Dependency I
    Dependency L
    Dependency O
    Dependency R

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  43. User Request
    Dependency A
    Dependency D
    Dependency G
    Dependency J
    Dependency M
    Dependency P
    Dependency B
    Dependency E
    Dependency H
    Dependency K
    Dependency N
    Dependency Q
    Dependency C
    Dependency F
    Dependency I
    Dependency L
    Dependency O
    Dependency R

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  44. User Request
    Dependency A
    Dependency D
    Dependency G
    Dependency J
    Dependency M
    Dependency P
    Dependency B
    Dependency E
    Dependency H
    Dependency K
    Dependency N
    Dependency Q
    Dependency C
    Dependency F
    Dependency I
    Dependency L
    Dependency O
    Dependency R

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  45. View Slide

  46. View Slide

  47. View Slide

  48. circle color and size represent
    health and traffic volume

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  49. 2 minutes of request rate to
    show relative changes in traffic
    circle color and size represent
    health and traffic volume

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  50. 2 minutes of request rate to
    show relative changes in traffic
    circle color and size represent
    health and traffic volume
    hosts reporting from cluster

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  51. last minute latency percentiles
    2 minutes of request rate to
    show relative changes in traffic
    circle color and size represent
    health and traffic volume
    hosts reporting from cluster

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  52. last minute latency percentiles
    2 minutes of request rate to
    show relative changes in traffic
    circle color and size represent
    health and traffic volume
    hosts reporting from cluster
    Circuit-breaker
    status

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  53. last minute latency percentiles
    Request rate
    2 minutes of request rate to
    show relative changes in traffic
    circle color and size represent
    health and traffic volume
    hosts reporting from cluster
    Circuit-breaker
    status

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  54. Error percentage of
    last 10 seconds
    last minute latency percentiles
    Request rate
    2 minutes of request rate to
    show relative changes in traffic
    circle color and size represent
    health and traffic volume
    hosts reporting from cluster
    Error percentage of
    last 10 seconds
    Circuit-breaker
    status

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  55. last minute latency percentiles
    Request rate
    2 minutes of request rate to
    show relative changes in traffic
    circle color and size represent
    health and traffic volume
    hosts reporting from cluster
    Error percentage of
    last 10 seconds
    Rolling 10 second counters
    with 1 second granularity
    Failures/Exceptions
    Thread-pool Rejections
    Thread timeouts
    Successes
    Short-circuited (rejected)
    Circuit-breaker
    status

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  56. User Request
    Dependency A
    Dependency D
    Dependency G
    Dependency J
    Dependency M
    Dependency P
    Dependency B
    Dependency E
    Dependency H
    Dependency K
    Dependency N
    Dependency Q
    Dependency C
    Dependency F
    Dependency I
    Dependency L
    Dependency O
    Dependency R

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  57. View Slide

  58. Zuul Routing Layer
    Canary vs Baseline
    Squeeze
    Production
    "Coalmine"

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  59. Zuul Routing Layer
    Canary vs Baseline
    Squeeze
    Production
    "Coalmine"

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  60. Zuul Routing Layer
    Canary vs Baseline
    Squeeze
    Production
    "Coalmine"

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  61. Zuul Routing Layer
    Canary vs Baseline
    Squeeze
    Production
    "Coalmine"

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  62. Zuul Routing Layer
    Canary vs Baseline
    Squeeze
    Production
    "Coalmine"

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  63. User Request
    Dependency A
    Dependency D
    Dependency G
    Dependency J
    Dependency M
    Dependency P
    Dependency B
    Dependency E
    Dependency H
    Dependency K
    Dependency N
    Dependency Q
    Dependency C
    Dependency F
    Dependency I
    Dependency L
    Dependency O
    Dependency R
    System
    Relationship
    Over
    Network
    without
    Bulkhead

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  64. Zuul Routing Layer
    Canary vs Baseline
    Squeeze
    Production
    "Coalmine"

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  65. Zuul Routing Layer
    Canary vs Baseline
    Squeeze
    Production
    "Coalmine"

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  66. View Slide

  67. View Slide

  68. View Slide

  69. View Slide

  70. View Slide

  71. View Slide

  72. View Slide

  73. View Slide

  74. Predictive + Reactive Auto-Scaling

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  75. View Slide

  76. View Slide

  77. View Slide

  78. View Slide

  79. View Slide

  80. View Slide

  81. View Slide

  82. View Slide

  83. Scale & Resilience
    !
    Performance & Innovation

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  84. Netflix API
    Dependency A
    Dependency D
    Dependency G
    Dependency J
    Dependency M
    Dependency P
    Dependency B
    Dependency E
    Dependency H
    Dependency K
    Dependency N
    Dependency Q
    Dependency C
    Dependency F
    Dependency I
    Dependency L
    Dependency O
    Dependency R

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  85. Netflix API
    Dependency A
    Dependency D
    Dependency G
    Dependency J
    Dependency M
    Dependency P
    Dependency B
    Dependency E
    Dependency H
    Dependency K
    Dependency N
    Dependency Q
    Dependency C
    Dependency F
    Dependency I
    Dependency L
    Dependency O
    Dependency R

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  86. One Size Fits All RESTful API
    0
    500
    1000
    1500
    2000
    2010 2011 2012 Today
    millions of API requests per day

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  87. One Size Fits All RESTful API
    0
    500
    1000
    1500
    2000
    2010 2011 2012 Today
    millions of API requests per day

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  88. One Size Fits All RESTful API
    0
    500
    1000
    1500
    2000
    2010 2011 2012 Today
    millions of API requests per day
    1000+ Devices

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  89. We wanted to re-architecture our call patterns ...

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  90. ... to collapse network traffic into coarse API calls ...
    nested, conditional, concurrent execution

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  91. ... and we wanted to allow
    anybody to create
    endpoints, not just the
    “API Team”

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  92. View Slide

  93. Concurrency without each engineer
    reading and re-reading this →
    !
    (awesome book ... everybody isn’t going to - or
    should have to - read it though, that’s the point)

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  94. Owner of api should retain control
    of concurrency behavior.

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  95. What if the implementation needs to change
    from synchronous to asynchronous?
    !
    How should the client execute that method
    without blocking? spawn a thread?
    public  Data  getData();
    Owner of api should retain control
    of concurrency behavior.

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  96. public  void  getData(Callback  c);  
    !
    public  Future  getData();  
    !
    public  Future>>  getData();  
    !
    !
    other options ... ?
    public  Data  getData();

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  97. Iterable
    pull
    Observable
    push
    T next()
    throws Exception
    returns;
    onNext(T)
    onError(Exception)
    onCompleted()
    Reactive Programming with Rx

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  98. Iterable
    pull
    Observable
    push
    T next()
    throws Exception
    returns;
    onNext(T)
    onError(Exception)
    onCompleted()
    (Functional) Reactive Programming with RxJava

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  99. Iterable
    pull
    Observable
    push
    T next()
    throws Exception
    returns;
    onNext(T)
    onError(Exception)
    onCompleted()
    (Functional) Reactive Programming with RxJava

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  100. Iterable
    pull
    Observable
    push
    T next()
    throws Exception
    returns;
    onNext(T)
    onError(Exception)
    onCompleted()
    (Functional) Reactive Programming with RxJava

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  101. Iterable
    pull
    Observable
    push
    T next()
    throws Exception
    returns;
    onNext(T)
    onError(Exception)
    onCompleted()
    !
     //  Iterable    
     //  that  contains  75  Strings  
     getDataFromLocalMemory()  
       .skip(10)  
       .take(5)  
       .map({  s  -­‐>    
         return  s  +  "_transformed"})  
       .forEach(  
             {  println  "next  =>  "  +  it})  
    !
     //  Observable    
     //  that  emits  75  Strings  
     getDataFromNetwork()  
       .skip(10)  
       .take(5)  
       .map({  s  -­‐>    
         return  s  +  "_transformed"})  
       .subscribe(  
             {  println  "onNext  =>  "  +  it})  

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  102. Iterable
    pull
    Observable
    push
    T next()
    throws Exception
    returns;
    onNext(T)
    onError(Exception)
    onCompleted()
    !
     //  Iterable    
     //  that  contains  75  Strings  
     getDataFromLocalMemory()  
       .skip(10)  
       .take(5)  
       .map({  s  -­‐>    
         return  s  +  "_transformed"})  
       .forEach(  
             {  println  "onNext  =>  "  +  it})  
    !
     //  Observable    
     //  that  emits  75  Strings  
     getDataFromNetwork()  
       .skip(10)  
       .take(5)  
       .map({  s  -­‐>    
         return  s  +  "_transformed"})  
       .subscribe(  
             {  println  "onNext  =>  "  +  it})  

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  103. Single Multiple
    Sync T getData() Iterable getData()
    Async Future getData() Observable getData()

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  104. Single Multiple
    Sync T getData() Iterable getData()
    Async Future getData() Observable getData()
    String s = getData(args);
    if (s.equals(x)) {
    // do something
    } else {
    // do something else
    }

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  105. Single Multiple
    Sync T getData() Iterable getData()
    Async Future getData() Observable getData()
    Iterable values = getData(args);
    for (String s : values) {
    if (s.equals(x)) {
    // do something
    } else {
    // do something else
    }
    }

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  106. Single Multiple
    Sync T getData() Iterable getData()
    Async Future getData() Observable getData()
    Future s = getData(args);
    if (s.get().equals(x)) {
    // do something
    } else {
    // do something else
    }

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  107. Single Multiple
    Sync T getData() Iterable getData()
    Async Future getData() Observable getData()
    Future s = getData(args);
    if (s.get().equals(x)) {
    // do something
    } else {
    // do something else
    }

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  108. Single Multiple
    Sync T getData() Iterable getData()
    Async Future getData() Observable getData()
    Future s = getData(args);
    Futures.addCallback(s,
    new FutureCallback {
    public void onSuccess(String s) {
    if (s.equals(x)) {
    // do something
    } else {
    // do something else
    }
    }
    }, executor);

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  109. Single Multiple
    Sync T getData() Iterable getData()
    Async Future getData() Observable getData()
    Future s = getData(args);
    Futures.addCallback(s,
    new FutureCallback {
    public void onSuccess(String s) {
    if (s.equals(x)) {
    // do something
    } else {
    // do something else
    }
    }
    }, executor);

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  110. Single Multiple
    Sync T getData() Iterable getData()
    Async Future getData() Observable getData()
    Future s = getData(args);
    Futures.addCallback(s,
    new FutureCallback {
    public void onSuccess(String s) {
    if (s.equals(x)) {
    // do something
    } else {
    // do something else
    }
    }
    }, executor);

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  111. Single Multiple
    Sync T getData() Iterable getData()
    Async Future getData() Observable getData()
    CompletableFuture s = getData(args);
    s.thenApply((v) -> {
    if (v.equals(x)) {
    // do something
    } else {
    // do something else
    }
    });

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  112. Single Multiple
    Sync T getData() Iterable getData()
    Async Future getData() Observable getData()
    CompletableFuture s = getData(args);
    s.thenApply((v) -> {
    if (v.equals(x)) {
    // do something
    } else {
    // do something else
    }
    });

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  113. Future s = getData(args);
    s.map({ s ->
    if (s.equals(x)) {
    // do something
    } else {
    // do something else
    }
    });
    Single Multiple
    Sync T getData() Iterable getData()
    Async Future getData() Observable getData()

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  114. Future s = getData(args);
    s.map({ s ->
    if (s.equals(x)) {
    // do something
    } else {
    // do something else
    }
    });
    Single Multiple
    Sync T getData() Iterable getData()
    Async Future getData() Observable getData()

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  115. Future s = getData(args);
    s.map({ s ->
    if (s.equals(x)) {
    // do something
    } else {
    // do something else
    }
    });
    Single Multiple
    Sync T getData() Iterable getData()
    Async Future getData() Observable getData()

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  116. Single Multiple
    Sync T getData() Iterable getData()
    Async Future getData() Observable getData()
    Observable s = getData(args);
    s.map({ s ->
    if (s.equals(x)) {
    // do something
    } else {
    // do something else
    }
    });

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  117. Single Multiple
    Sync T getData() Iterable getData()
    Async Future getData() Observable getData()
    Observable s = getData(args);
    s.map({ s ->
    if (s.equals(x)) {
    // do something
    } else {
    // do something else
    }
    });

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  118. Single Multiple
    Sync T getData() Iterable getData()
    Async Future getData() Observable getData()
    Observable s = getData(args);
    s.map({ s ->
    if (s.equals(x)) {
    // do something
    } else {
    // do something else
    }
    });

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  119. class  VideoService  {  
         def  VideoList  getPersonalizedListOfMovies(userId);  
         def  VideoBookmark  getBookmark(userId,  videoId);  
         def  VideoRating  getRating(userId,  videoId);  
         def  VideoMetadata  getMetadata(videoId);  
    }
    class  VideoService  {  
         def  Observable  getPersonalizedListOfMovies(userId);  
         def  Observable  getBookmark(userId,  videoId);  
         def  Observable  getRating(userId,  videoId);  
         def  Observable  getMetadata(videoId);  
    }
    ... create an observable api:
    instead of a blocking api ...

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  120. “a library for composing
    asynchronous and event-based
    programs using observable
    sequences for the Java VM”
    A Java port of Rx (Reactive Extensions)
    https://rx.codeplex.com (.Net and Javascript by Microsoft)
    RxJava
    http://github.com/Netflix/RxJava

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  121. client code treats all interactions
    with the api as asynchronous
    !
    !
    the api implementation chooses
    whether something is
    blocking or non-blocking
    and
    what resources it uses

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  122. View Slide

  123. View Slide

  124. View Slide

  125. View Slide

  126. View Slide

  127. View Slide

  128. Netflix API
    Device
    Server
    Optimize for Each Device. Leverage the Server

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  129. Code

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  130. SDK for API Web Service Development

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  131. SDK for API Web Service Development

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  132. SDK for API Web Service Development

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  133. api.servletResponse.writer.print("Hello")

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  134. api.servletResponse.writer.print("Hello")
    $runScript.py -e PROD sample.groovy
    Hello
    ################################################################################################
    ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter)
    ################################################################################################
    [0ms] INFO: User => NULL
    ################################################################################################
    ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter)
    ################################################################################################

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  135. api.servletResponse.writer.print("Hello")
    $runScript.py -e PROD sample.groovy
    Hello
    ################################################################################################
    ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter)
    ################################################################################################
    [0ms] INFO: User => NULL
    ################################################################################################
    ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter)
    ################################################################################################

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  136. api.servletResponse.writer.print("Hello")
    $runScript.py -e PROD sample.groovy
    Hello
    ################################################################################################
    ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter)
    ################################################################################################
    [0ms] INFO: User => NULL
    ################################################################################################
    ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter)
    ################################################################################################

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  137. api.servletResponse.writer.print("Hello")
    $runScript.py -e PROD sample.groovy
    Hello
    ################################################################################################
    ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter)
    ################################################################################################
    [0ms] INFO: User => NULL
    ################################################################################################
    ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter)
    ################################################################################################

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  138. api.servletResponse.writer.print("Hello")
    $runScript.py -e PROD sample.groovy
    Hello
    ################################################################################################
    ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter)
    ################################################################################################
    [0ms] INFO: User => NULL
    ################################################################################################
    ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter)
    ################################################################################################

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  139. api.servletResponse.writer.print("Hello")
    $runScript.py -e PROD sample.groovy
    Hello
    ################################################################################################
    ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter)
    ################################################################################################
    [0ms] INFO: User => NULL
    ################################################################################################
    ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter)
    ################################################################################################

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  140. public class HelloEndpoint extends APIEndpoint {
    @Override
    public void execute(APIRequest api) throws Throwable {
    // get a request parameter from servlet request
    String alias = api.servletRequest.getParameter("name");
    !
    // set content type and write something to servlet response
    api.servletResponse.setContentType("application/json");
    api.servletResponse.writer.print(
    JsonUtility.toJson(
    [ alias : alias, name : api.user.firstName ]
    )
    )
    !
    }
    }

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  141. public class HelloEndpoint extends APIEndpoint {
    @Override
    public void execute(APIRequest api) throws Throwable {
    // get a request parameter from servlet request
    String alias = api.servletRequest.getParameter("name");
    !
    // set content type and write something to servlet response
    api.servletResponse.setContentType("application/json");
    api.servletResponse.writer.print(
    JsonUtility.toJson(
    [ alias : alias, name : api.user.firstName ]
    )
    )
    !
    }
    }
    runScript.py -e TEST --userId 1189658154 --args "name=bob" HelloEndpoint.groovy

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  142. public class HelloEndpoint extends APIEndpoint {
    @Override
    public void execute(APIRequest api) throws Throwable {
    // get a request parameter from servlet request
    String alias = api.servletRequest.getParameter("name");
    !
    // set content type and write something to servlet response
    api.servletResponse.setContentType("application/json");
    api.servletResponse.writer.print(
    JsonUtility.toJson(
    [ alias : alias, name : api.user.firstName ]
    )
    )
    !
    }
    }
    runScript.py -e TEST --userId 1189658154 --args "name=bob" HelloEndpoint.groovy
    {"alias":"bob","name":"Old"}

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  143. public class HelloEndpoint extends APIEndpoint {
    @Override
    public void execute(APIRequest api) throws Throwable {
    // get a request parameter from servlet request
    String alias = api.servletRequest.getParameter("name");
    !
    // set content type and write something to servlet response
    api.servletResponse.setContentType("application/json");
    api.servletResponse.writer.print(
    JsonUtility.toJson(
    [ alias : alias, name : api.user.firstName ]
    )
    )
    !
    }
    }
    runScript.py -e TEST --userId 1189658154 --args "name=bob" HelloEndpoint.groovy
    {"alias":"bob","name":"Old"}

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  144. public class HelloEndpoint extends APIEndpoint {
    @Override
    public void execute(APIRequest api) throws Throwable {
    // get a request parameter from servlet request
    String alias = api.servletRequest.getParameter("name");
    !
    // set content type and write something to servlet response
    api.servletResponse.setContentType("application/json");
    api.servletResponse.writer.print(
    JsonUtility.toJson(
    [ alias : alias, name : api.user.firstName ]
    )
    )
    !
    }
    }
    runScript.py -e TEST --userId 1189658154 --args "name=bob" HelloEndpoint.groovy
    {"alias":"bob","name":"Old"}

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  145. public class HelloEndpoint extends APIEndpoint {
    @Override
    public void execute(APIRequest api) throws Throwable {
    // get a request parameter from servlet request
    String alias = api.servletRequest.getParameter("name");
    !
    // set content type and write something to servlet response
    api.servletResponse.setContentType("application/json");
    api.servletResponse.writer.print(
    JsonUtility.toJson(
    [ alias : alias, name : api.user.firstName ]
    )
    )
    !
    }
    }
    runScript.py -e TEST --userId 1189658154 --args "name=bob" HelloEndpoint.groovy
    {"alias":"bob","name":"Old"}

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  146. public class HelloEndpoint extends APIEndpoint {
    @Override
    public void execute(APIRequest api) throws Throwable {
    // get a request parameter from servlet request
    String alias = api.servletRequest.getParameter("name");
    !
    // set content type and write something to servlet response
    api.servletResponse.setContentType("application/json");
    api.servletResponse.writer.print(
    JsonUtility.toJson(
    [ alias : alias, name : api.user.firstName ]
    )
    )
    !
    }
    }
    runScript.py -e TEST --userId 1189658154 --args "name=bob" HelloEndpoint.groovy
    {"alias":"bob","name":"Old"}

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  147. public class HelloEndpoint extends APIEndpoint {
    @Override
    public void execute(APIRequest api) throws Throwable {
    // get a request parameter from servlet request
    String alias = api.servletRequest.getParameter("name");
    !
    // set content type and write something to servlet response
    api.servletResponse.setContentType("application/json");
    api.servletResponse.writer.print(
    JsonUtility.toJson(
    [ alias : alias, name : api.user.firstName ]
    )
    )
    !
    }
    }
    runScript.py -e TEST --userId 1189658154 --args "name=bob" HelloEndpoint.groovy
    {"alias":"bob","name":"Old"}

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  148. public Observable getVideoSummary(APIVideo video) {
    // get id, title
    def seed = [id: video.id, title : video.getTitle(APIVideo.TitleType.REGULAR)]
    !
    // get bookmark
    def bookmarkObservable = getBookmark(video)
    !
    // get artwork
    def artworkObservable = getArtworkImageUrl(video)
    !
    // merge them and accumulate into the seed.
    return Observable.merge(bookmarkObservable, artworkObservable)
    .reduce(seed, { aggregate, current -> aggregate << current})
    .map({ [ (video.id.toString()) : it]})
    }

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  149. public Observable getVideoSummary(APIVideo video) {
    // get id, title
    def seed = [id: video.id, title : video.getTitle(APIVideo.TitleType.REGULAR)]
    !
    // get bookmark
    def bookmarkObservable = getBookmark(video)
    !
    // get artwork
    def artworkObservable = getArtworkImageUrl(video)
    !
    // merge them and accumulate into the seed.
    return Observable.merge(bookmarkObservable, artworkObservable)
    .reduce(seed, { aggregate, current -> aggregate << current})
    .map({ [ (video.id.toString()) : it]})
    }

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  150. public Observable getVideoSummary(APIVideo video) {
    // get id, title
    def seed = [id: video.id, title : video.getTitle(APIVideo.TitleType.REGULAR)]
    !
    // get bookmark
    def bookmarkObservable = getBookmark(video)
    !
    // get artwork
    def artworkObservable = getArtworkImageUrl(video)
    !
    // merge them and accumulate into the seed.
    return Observable.merge(bookmarkObservable, artworkObservable)
    .reduce(seed, { aggregate, current -> aggregate << current})
    .map({ [ (video.id.toString()) : it]})
    }

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  151. public Observable getVideoSummary(APIVideo video) {
    // get id, title
    def seed = [id: video.id, title : video.getTitle(APIVideo.TitleType.REGULAR)]
    !
    // get bookmark
    def bookmarkObservable = getBookmark(video)
    !
    // get artwork
    def artworkObservable = getArtworkImageUrl(video)
    !
    // merge them and accumulate into the seed.
    return Observable.merge(bookmarkObservable, artworkObservable)
    .reduce(seed, { aggregate, current -> aggregate << current})
    .map({ [ (video.id.toString()) : it]})
    }

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  152. public Observable getVideoSummary(APIVideo video) {
    // get id, title
    def seed = [id: video.id, title : video.getTitle(APIVideo.TitleType.REGULAR)]
    !
    // get bookmark
    def bookmarkObservable = getBookmark(video)
    !
    // get artwork
    def artworkObservable = getArtworkImageUrl(video)
    !
    // merge them and accumulate into the seed.
    return Observable.merge(bookmarkObservable, artworkObservable)
    .reduce(seed, { aggregate, current -> aggregate << current})
    .map({ [ (video.id.toString()) : it]})
    }

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  153. public Observable getVideoSummary(APIVideo video) {
    // get id, title
    def seed = [id: video.id, title : video.getTitle(APIVideo.TitleType.REGULAR)]
    !
    // get bookmark
    def bookmarkObservable = getBookmark(video)
    !
    // get artwork
    def artworkObservable = getArtworkImageUrl(video)
    !
    // merge them and accumulate into the seed.
    return Observable.merge(bookmarkObservable, artworkObservable)
    .reduce(seed, { aggregate, current -> aggregate << current})
    .map({ [ (video.id.toString()) : it]})
    }

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  154. public Observable getVideoSummary(APIVideo video) {
    // get id, title
    def seed = [id: video.id, title : video.getTitle(APIVideo.TitleType.REGULAR)]
    !
    // get bookmark
    def bookmarkObservable = getBookmark(video)
    !
    // get artwork
    def artworkObservable = getArtworkImageUrl(video)
    !
    // merge them and accumulate into the seed.
    return Observable.merge(bookmarkObservable, artworkObservable)
    .reduce(seed, { aggregate, current -> aggregate << current})
    .map({ [ (video.id.toString()) : it]})
    }

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  155. $ uploadScript.py -e TEST /test/hello sample.groovy
    {
    "active": false,
    "allocationPercentage": 0,
    "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:38:51 UTC 2013",
    "revision": 1,
    "userAuthorizationRequired": true,
    "userAuthorizationType": "https"
    }

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  156. $ uploadScript.py -e TEST /test/hello sample.groovy
    {
    "active": false,
    "allocationPercentage": 0,
    "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:38:51 UTC 2013",
    "revision": 1,
    "userAuthorizationRequired": true,
    "userAuthorizationType": "https"
    }

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  157. $ uploadScript.py -e TEST /test/hello sample.groovy
    {
    "active": false,
    "allocationPercentage": 0,
    "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013",
    "revision": 2,
    "userAuthorizationRequired": true,
    "userAuthorizationType": "https"
    }

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  158. $ uploadScript.py -e TEST /test/hello sample.groovy
    {
    "active": false,
    "allocationPercentage": 0,
    "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013",
    "revision": 2,
    "userAuthorizationRequired": true,
    "userAuthorizationType": "https"
    }
    $ activateScript.py -e TEST --revision 2 /test/hello
    {
    "active": true,
    "allocationPercentage": 100,
    "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013",
    "previousRevision": null,
    "revision": 2,
    "userAuthorizationRequired": true,
    "userAuthorizationType": "https"
    }

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  159. $ uploadScript.py -e TEST /test/hello sample.groovy
    {
    "active": false,
    "allocationPercentage": 0,
    "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013",
    "revision": 2,
    "userAuthorizationRequired": true,
    "userAuthorizationType": "https"
    }
    $ activateScript.py -e TEST --revision 2 /test/hello
    {
    "active": true,
    "allocationPercentage": 100,
    "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013",
    "previousRevision": null,
    "revision": 2,
    "userAuthorizationRequired": true,
    "userAuthorizationType": "https"
    }

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  160. $ uploadScript.py -e TEST /test/hello sample.groovy
    {
    "active": false,
    "allocationPercentage": 0,
    "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013",
    "revision": 2,
    "userAuthorizationRequired": true,
    "userAuthorizationType": "https"
    }
    $ activateScript.py -e TEST --revision 2 /test/hello
    {
    "active": true,
    "allocationPercentage": 100,
    "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013",
    "previousRevision": null,
    "revision": 2,
    "userAuthorizationRequired": true,
    "userAuthorizationType": "https"
    }

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  161. $ uploadScript.py -e TEST /test/hello sample.groovy
    {
    "active": false,
    "allocationPercentage": 0,
    "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013",
    "revision": 2,
    "userAuthorizationRequired": true,
    "userAuthorizationType": "https"
    }
    $ activateScript.py -e TEST --revision 2 /test/hello
    {
    "active": true,
    "allocationPercentage": 100,
    "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013",
    "previousRevision": null,
    "revision": 2,
    "userAuthorizationRequired": true,
    "userAuthorizationType": "https"
    }

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  162. $ uploadScript.py -e TEST /test/hello sample.groovy
    {
    "active": false,
    "allocationPercentage": 0,
    "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013",
    "revision": 2,
    "userAuthorizationRequired": true,
    "userAuthorizationType": "https"
    }
    $ activateScript.py -e TEST --revision 3 /test/hello
    {
    "active": true,
    "allocationPercentage": 100,
    "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:42:05 UTC 2013",
    "previousRevision": 2,
    "revision": 3,
    "userAuthorizationRequired": true,
    "userAuthorizationType": "https"
    }

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  163. Future

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  164. millions of API requests per day
    0
    500
    1000
    1500
    2000
    2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Today

    View Slide

  165. View Slide

  166. View Slide

  167. View Slide

  168. View Slide

  169. View Slide

  170. View Slide

  171. View Slide

  172. /ps3/home
    Dependency F
    10 Threads
    Dependency G
    10 Threads
    Dependency H
    10 Threads
    Dependency I
    5 Threads
    Dependency J
    8 Threads
    Dependency A
    10 Threads
    Dependency B
    8 Threads
    Dependency C
    10 Threads
    Dependency D
    15 Threads
    Dependency E
    5 Threads
    Dependency K
    15 Threads
    Dependency L
    4 Threads
    Dependency M
    5 Threads
    Dependency N
    10 Threads
    Dependency O
    10 Threads
    Dependency P
    10 Threads
    Dependency Q
    8 Threads
    Dependency R
    10 Threads
    Dependency S
    8 Threads
    Dependency T
    10 Threads
    /android/home
    /tv/home
    Functional Reactive Dynamic Endpoints
    Asynchronous Java API

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  173. /ps3/home
    Dependency F
    10 Threads
    Dependency G
    10 Threads
    Dependency H
    10 Threads
    Dependency I
    5 Threads
    Dependency J
    8 Threads
    Dependency A
    10 Threads
    Dependency B
    8 Threads
    Dependency C
    10 Threads
    Dependency D
    15 Threads
    Dependency E
    5 Threads
    Dependency K
    15 Threads
    Dependency L
    4 Threads
    Dependency M
    5 Threads
    Dependency N
    10 Threads
    Dependency O
    10 Threads
    Dependency P
    10 Threads
    Dependency Q
    8 Threads
    Dependency R
    10 Threads
    Dependency S
    8 Threads
    Dependency T
    10 Threads
    /android/home
    /tv/home
    Functional Reactive Dynamic Endpoints
    Asynchronous Java API
    Hystrix
    fault-isolation layer

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  174. +
    Observable  u  =  new  GetUserCommand(id).observe();  
    Observable  g  =  new  GetGeoCommand(request).observe();  
    !
    Observable.zip(u,  g,  {user,  geo  -­‐>  
                     return  [username:  user.getUsername(),  
                                     currentLocation:  geo.getCounty()]        
    })
    RxJava in Hystrix 1.3+
    https://github.com/Netflix/Hystrix

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  175. View Slide

  176. View Slide

  177. Optimizing the Netflix API
    http://techblog.netflix.com/2013/01/optimizing-netflix-api.html
    !
    Why REST Keeps Me Up At Night
    http://blog.programmableweb.com/2012/05/15/why-rest-keeps-me-up-at-night/
    !
    Functional Reactive in the Netflix API with RxJava
    http://techblog.netflix.com/2013/02/rxjava-netflix-api.html
    !
    Application Resilience in a Service-oriented Architecture
    http://programming.oreilly.com/2013/06/application-resilience-in-a-service-oriented-architecture.html
    !
    Netflix API on Tech Blog
    http://techblog.netflix.com/search/label/api
    jobs.netflix.com
    Ben Christensen
    @benjchristensen
    http://www.linkedin.com/in/benjchristensen

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