Everything you wanted to know about Linux but were afraid to ask by Brian Byrne

Everything you wanted to know about Linux but were afraid
to ask by Brian Byrne Wolverhampton University, Telford July 2019 © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Please put your hand up if you use any of
these. © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Hands up? Congratulations! You are a Linux user! I am
just like you :) © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

I am Brian. I do too much Twitter: @BrianLinuxing ©
Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Brian Byrne discovered computing around the time Intel released the
4004 chip, in 1971. After 1979 he professionally worked across most sectors, educational, commercial and finance, in some seriously technical, managerial and hands-on roles. Brian organises Linuxing In London, co-organises Covent Garden Pi Jam and the phenomenal all London Raspberry Pi Jam. He is rather fond of opera and history books. NB: Brian speaks in paragraphs. He is a freelance IT manager, a thinker and do-er for hire. Want your IT systems organised properly? Pay him, he’ll do it for you! © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

My first PC around 1971 © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter:
@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

My first non-laptop in 1979 © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter:

Operating Systems I’ve used, installed, fixed and played with over
24 operating systems in 40 years, including but not limited to: TOPS-10, RT-11, RSX, VAX/VMS, CP/M, MS-DOS, AmigaOS, RSTE/E, Classic Mac OS (Lisa), Sinclair_QDOS, Ultrix, OSF/1, SCO Unix, OpenVMS, OS/2, VM/CMS, NetWare, Windows 1-> Windows 3.1, Windows 95->98 SE, Windows NT 1.0 ->4, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7->8.1, Windows 10 and a lot more Linux was my 15th or 16th operating system! © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Enough of me, to the point! © Brian Byrne, 2019.
Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Linux (via Raspbian) Technologies best kept secret © Brian Byrne,
2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

A word about Linux Everything is Linux. Android phones, the
lot. Linux is used on 100% of the world’s supercomputers. Everyone runs Linux: AWS, Netflix, Google, Facebook, even Microsoft Distrowatch lists 259 live Linux distributions, as of July 2019. Linux is free. 259 types to try out! © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Who runs Linux? © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email:
[email protected]

The International Space Station © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing
Email: [email protected]

CERN and the Large Hadron Collider © Brian Byrne, 2019.

The Raspberry Pi - the most popular small board computer
© Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

The Summit Supercomputer (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) © Brian Byrne,

What’s a super computer and why are they important? Typically,
these are the most expensive and fastest systems that can be purchased or created. US: Summit (created by IBM for Oak Ridge National Laboratory) uses IBM POWER9 CPUs and Nvidia Tesla GPUs, cost ~ $200 million, LINPACK benchmark ~143.5 petaflops. China: Sunway TaihuLight (created by China’s own NRCPC) uses SW26010 manycore 64-bit RISC processors, cost ~$273 million, LINPACK benchmark ~93 petaflops. Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Reasons to use Linux It does everything that Windows does,
but better. It is used extensively in business, and is secure. Most backend computing involves the use of Linux. It is all over the Cloud, even at Microsoft, particularly in Azure. Plenty of choice (259+ varieties). It’s comparatively lightweight on computing resources, thus faster. It is the future, from a ~£35 computer to one costing $200+ millions. © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Microsoft and Linux WSL2 - Windows Subsystem for Linux 2
- a Linux kernel and shell directly from Windows 10. “Sasha Levin, Microsoft Linux kernel developer, in a request that Microsoft be allowed to join a Linux security list, revealed that: "the Linux usage on our cloud has surpassed Windows". “ © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Why are operating systems important? © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter:

No operating system, no apps! Be honest, what do you
think of, when you think of operating systems? © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

The missing context: history © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing

In terms of original contribution to computing who is more
significant? 1. Bill Gates, Microsoft 2. Grace Hopper, US Navy 3. Gordon Moore, Intel 4. Steve Jobs, Apple © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

1. Bill Gates, wrote a BASIC compiler for Altair 8800,
brought in MS-DOS (CP/M clone) 3. Gordon Moore, Moore’s law: “number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits doubles approx. every year” 4. Steve Jobs, Apple – all things iPhone/Mac (based on BSD, a cousin of Linux etc) © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

The real answer: 2. Grace Hopper a) Grace Brewster Murray
Hopper invented the compiler, and concept that English-based languages could be used to program a computer. A completely original idea, not a derived one. She is a giant of computing. © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

b) She worked on Harvard's Mark 1 in 1944. A
massive relay-based calculator, it was 51 feet long, eight feet high and some five tons. She coined the expression: Bug She originated the idea of: debugging c) She implemented the concept of: subroutines. © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

d) In 1952 Grace Hopper completed the first ever compiler
for Sperry called A-0, then there was A-1 and A2. She went on to develop FLOWMATIC and Cobol, amongst many others things. She died in 1992. © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Grace Hopper in 1976, in front of a PDP-11! Born
in 1906, she completed her PhD in 1934. She died in 1992 and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

History is everything © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email:
[email protected]

Linux (Raspbian) in context of the 1950s/1960s © Brian Byrne,

JFK and Nikita Khrushchev © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing

IBM’s Sage computer, used by the US Military, was still
in service until the 1980s. It was originally a valve (vacuum tube) based system! © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

~1960 - MIT’s Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) ~1964 - Dartmouth
Time-Sharing System (DTSS) 1965 - CDC 6600 - COS 1964 - System/360 – OS/360 ~1969 - Multics (1969) 1970 - System/370 – MVS 1975 - Cray-1 - COS 1977 - VAX 11/780 – VAX/VMS 1992 - DEC’s Alpha - OpenVMS/AXP Costing $120,000 to $10 million © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] Operating systems of the time

~1960 - MIT’s Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) ~1964 - Dartmouth
Time-Sharing System (DTSS) 1965 - CDC 6600 - COS 1964 - System/360 – OS/360 ~1969 - Multics (1969) 1970 - System/370 – MVS 1975 - Cray-1 - COS 1977 - VAX 11/780 – VAX/VMS 1992 - DEC’s Alpha - OpenVMS/AXP Costing $120,000 to $10 million © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Mulitics leads to UNIX, which leads to Linux and Raspbian

Meanwhile in Finland, Linus Torvalds, 1991 © Brian Byrne, 2019.
Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] That helped the explosion of Free Open Source Software (FOSS)

That is just the start, join us in using Linux
daily. It will make your life easier, as Wikipedia does (they run Linux too)! © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Brian’s follow-up talks cover: ➢ The history of operating systems
since the Abacus. ➢ The installation of Linux from scratch on bare metal laptops. ➢ Installing Linux with VirtualBox on MacOS or Windows 7/8/8.1 and 10 ➢ An introduction to the Linux Command Line Interface (CLI), post installation tasks and software installation © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Thank you for participating. If you enjoyed the presentation and
slides, then please leave a nice comment on Twitter, that would make me very happy. PS: All images herein are the copyright of their respective owners. © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]

Everything you wanted to know about Linux but w...

Everything you wanted to know about Linux but were afraid to ask by Brian Byrne

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