How Rubinius runs your code?

This talk presents the structure of Rubinius and how it works under the hood. It talks about its bootstrap process, the virtual machine, bytecode compiler, JIT, memory layout and garbage collection.

Presented at RubyConf Brazil 2013.

Transcript

1. How Rubinius runs your code?
2. @carlosgaldino
4. http://guidelines.plataformatec.com.br
5. Rubinius – Use Ruby™ https://github.com/rubinius/collateral/blob/master/stickers/use-ruby/use-ruby-rounded-square-sticker.ai
6. Virtual Machine Compiler Syntax Parser Garbage Collector JIT Compiler Ruby lib’s
7. Virtual Machine Compiler Syntax Parser Garbage Collector JIT Compiler Ruby lib’s
8. Bootstrapping
10. Virtual Machine
11. alpha
12. bootstrap
13. platform
14. common
15. delta
16. loader
17. Virtual Machine
18. class Person def initialize(name, age) @name = name @age = age end def underage? @age < 21 end end
19. $ rbx compile -B person.rb
20. =============== :Person ================ Arguments: 0 required, 0 post, 0 total Arity: 0 Locals: 0 Stack size: 5 Literals: 6: :initialize, <compiled code>, :method_visibility, :add_defn_method, :underage?, <compiled code> Lines to IP: 2: 2..15, 7: 16..29 0000: push_self 0001: add_scope 0002: push_rubinius 0003: push_literal :initialize 0005: push_literal #<Rubinius::CompiledCode initialize file=person.rb> 0007: push_scope 0008: push_variables 0009: send_stack :method_visibility, 0 0012: send_stack :add_defn_method, 4 0015: pop 0016: push_rubinius 0017: push_literal :underage? 0019: push_literal #<Rubinius::CompiledCode underage? file=person.rb> 0021: push_scope 0022: push_variables 0023: send_stack :method_visibility, 0 0026: send_stack :add_defn_method, 4 0029: ret ----------------------------------------
21. 0000: push_self 0001: add_scope 0002: push_rubinius 0003: push_literal :initialize 0005: push_literal #<Rubinius::CompiledCode initialize file=person.rb> 0007: push_scope 0008: push_variables 0009: send_stack :method_visibility, 0 0012: send_stack :add_defn_method, 4 0015: pop 0016: push_rubinius 0017: push_literal :underage? 0019: push_literal #<Rubinius::CompiledCode underage? file=person.rb> 0021: push_scope 0022: push_variables 0023: send_stack :method_visibility, 0 0026: send_stack :add_defn_method, 4 0029: ret ----------------------------------------
22. class Person def initialize(name, age) @name = name @age = age end def underage? @age < 21 end end
23. ============= :initialize ============== Arguments: 2 required, 0 post, 2 total Arity: 2 Locals: 2: name, age Stack size: 3 Literals: 2: :@name, :@age Line: 2 Lines to IP: 3: 0..4, 4: 5..9 0000: push_local 0 # name 0002: set_ivar :@name 0004: pop 0005: push_local 1 # age 0007: set_ivar :@age 0009: ret ----------------------------------------
24. class Person def initialize(name, age) @name = name @age = age end def underage? @age < 21 end end
25. ============== :underage? ============== Arguments: 0 required, 0 post, 0 total Arity: 0 Locals: 0 Stack size: 2 Literals: 2: :@age, :< Line: 7 Lines to IP: 8: 0..7 0000: push_ivar :@age 0002: push_int 21 0004: send_stack :<, 1 0007: ret ----------------------------------------
26. Bytecode Compiler
27. File String Parser Stage Compiled Method Generator Stage Encoder Stage Packager Stage Writer Stage File
28. File String Parser Stage Compiled Method Generator Stage Encoder Stage Packager Stage Writer Stage File
29. class Person def initialize(name, age) @name = name @age = age end def underage? @age < 21 end end
30. File String Parser Stage Generator Stage Encoder Stage Packager Stage Writer Stage File Compiled Method
31. process_*
32. class Person def initialize(name, age) @name = name @age = age end def underage? @age < 21 end end
33. process_class def initialize(name, age) @name = name @age = age end def underage? @age < 21 end end
34. class Person process_defn @name = name @age = age end def underage? @age < 21 end end
35. class Person def initialize(name, age) process_iasgn process_iasgn end def underage? @age < 21 end end
36. def process_class(line, name, superclass, body) AST::Class.new(line, name, superclass, body) end
37. AST
38. Abstract Syntax Tree
39. true if 1 if 1 true end
40. $ rbx compile -S person.rb
41. [:script, [:class, :Person, nil, [:scope, [:block, [:defn, :initialize, [:args, :name, :age], [:scope, [:block, [:iasgn, :@name, [:lvar, :name]], [:iasgn, :@age, [:lvar, :age]]]]], [:defn, :underage?, [:args], [:scope, [:block, [:call, [:ivar, :@age], :<, [:arglist, [:lit, 21]]]]]]]]]]
42. [:defn, :initialize, [:args, :name, :age], [:scope, [:block, [:iasgn, :@name, [:lvar, :name]], [:iasgn, :@age, [:lvar, :age]]]]]
43. [:defn, :underage?, [:args], [:scope, [:block, [:call, [:ivar, :@age], :<, [:arglist, [:lit, 21]]]]]]]]]]
44. File String Parser Stage Generator Stage Encoder Stage Packager Stage Writer Stage File Compiled Method
45. def bytecode(g) pos(g) g.push_rubinius g.push_literal @name g.push_generator compile_body(g) g.push_scope g.push_variables g.send :method_visibility, 0 g.send :add_defn_method, 4 end
46. 0000: push_self 0001: add_scope 0002: push_rubinius 0003: push_literal :initialize 0005: push_literal #<Rubinius::CompiledCode initialize file=person.rb> 0007: push_scope 0008: push_variables 0009: send_stack :method_visibility, 0 0012: send_stack :add_defn_method, 4 0015: pop 0016: push_rubinius 0017: push_literal :underage? 0019: push_literal #<Rubinius::CompiledCode underage? file=person.rb> 0021: push_scope 0022: push_variables 0023: send_stack :method_visibility, 0 0026: send_stack :add_defn_method, 4 0029: ret ----------------------------------------
47. File String Parser Stage Generator Stage Encoder Stage Packager Stage Writer Stage File Compiled Method
48. File String Parser Stage Generator Stage Encoder Stage Packager Stage Writer Stage File Compiled Method
49. File String Parser Stage Generator Stage Encoder Stage Packager Stage Writer Stage File Compiled Method
50. File String Parser Stage Generator Stage Encoder Stage Packager Stage Writer Stage File Compiled Method
51. JIT Compiler
52. Memory System
53. Object layout
54. HeaderWord header Class* klass_ Object* ivars_
55. object_type obj_type : 8; gc_zone zone : 2; unsigned int age : 4; aux_meaning meaning : 3; unsigned int Forwarded : 1; unsigned int Remember : 1; unsigned int Marked : 3; unsigned int InImmix : 1; unsigned int Pinned : 1; unsigned int Frozen : 1; unsigned int Tainted : 1; unsigned int Untrusted : 1; unsigned int LockContended : 1; unsigned int unused : 4;
56. object_type obj_type : 8; gc_zone zone : 2; unsigned int age : 4; aux_meaning meaning : 3; unsigned int Forwarded : 1; unsigned int Remember : 1; unsigned int Marked : 3; unsigned int InImmix : 1; unsigned int Pinned : 1; unsigned int Frozen : 1; unsigned int Tainted : 1; unsigned int Untrusted : 1; unsigned int LockContended : 1; unsigned int unused : 4;
57. HeaderWord header Class* klass_ Object* ivars_
58. HeaderWord header Class* klass_ Object* ivars_
59. LookupTable
60. class Person def initialize(name, age) @name = name @age = age end def underage? @age < 21 end end
61. Person.instance_variable_get(‘@seen_ivars’) # => [:@name, :@age]
62. class Person : public Object { Object* name; Object* age; }
63. Garbage Collector
64. Mark and Sweep
70. Generational
72. Young
73. Young Mature
75. Large
76. Thanks!